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Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. It calms the heart and anchors the spirit (Zhen Xin An Shen), treats toxic qi of cold damage (Shang Han) with toxic vapors, regurgitation, vomiting, and hiccups, and snake or lizard bites. Another account states: it treats back carbuncles (Fa Bei) and various carbuncle-toxic sores, brightens the eyes, and strengthens teeth; additionally, lead ash treats scrofula sores.

Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats latent corpse poison and insect stings, kills the three parasites (San Chong), removes bi-masses (Bie Jia), heals malignant sores, induces abortion, and stops frequent urination. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Hu Fen (Lead Carbonate), used as an envoy drug. Also known as Ding Fen, sweet and pungent in flavor, non-toxic. It can treat accumulated masses that do not dissipate; when charred, it treats pediatric malnutrition dysentery (Gan Li). Chen Zangqi states: it primarily treats chronic dysentery transforming into malnutrition syndrome. Taken mixed with water and egg white, until the stool turns black, as it kills parasites and stops dysentery. Ri Hua Zi states: Guang Fen is non-toxic, treating carbuncle swelling, ulceration, hematemesis, and zheng-jia masses.

Cold in nature, non-toxic. It resolves phlegm, stops palpitations and fright, resolves alcohol toxicity, treats chest and diaphragm oppression, wind-phlegm excess in stroke, stops thirst, and also treats epistaxis. The preparation of Qian Shuang (Lead Frost) relates to lead. The method involves mixing lead with one-fifteenth part mercury, smelting them into sheets, placing them in a vinegar jar, sealing tightly, and leaving them for a long time until frost forms. It is also called Qian Bai Shuang (White Lead Frost), extremely cold in nature, used in formulas for wind-phlegm and infantile convulsions.

Neutral in nature, slightly toxic. It treats blood and qi pain in women, aids healing of metal wounds, stops bleeding, brightens the eyes, and removes red skin polyps. Raw copper always has a greenish hue; green is the essence of copper, specifically the green layer on copper vessels, with those from Beiting being the best. They are washed and used for treating eye conditions. Chen Zangqi states: Bronze brightens the eyes, removes red skin polyps, aids healing of metal wounds, stops bleeding, does not rot in water, causes sores to turn dark green/black; both raw and cooked copper possess these properties.

Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats ulcers, sores, scabies, and itching, hot-heat malignant sores, leprosy-like diseases, necrotic tissue causing eyebrow loss, kills hemorrhoid worms, and removes black spots and polyps. *Yao Xing Lun* states: it treats scabies, erodes malignant flesh, and should not be taken in decoctions. It stops bleeding from metal wounds; mixed with egg white and decaying boat reeds, it is very effective. Ri Hua Zi states: pungent in flavor, non-toxic. It generates flesh, promotes tissue growth, stops bleeding, and primarily treats vitiligo, ulcers, and scar defects. It treats cold qi, female acne, hemorrhoidal ulcers, goiters, and warts; it also treats postpartum vaginal laxity by fumigating and washing with concentrated decoction. Wine is sour in flavor, preventing spoilage. It treats alcohol toxicity, warms the water organ (Kidney/Bladder system), and is superior to furnace ash. Produced in Zhongshan valleys, currently found near mountains as stone with blue-white color; after being burned in a kiln, pouring water on it causes it to steam and decompose into powder.