凡五脏六腑,变化无穷,散在诸经,其事隐没,难得俱知。今纂集相附,以为旁通,令
学人少留意推寻,造次可见矣。
五脏∶肾(水一) 心(火二) 肝(木三) 肺(金四) 脾(土五)
六腑∶膀胱 小肠 胆 大肠 胃 三焦
五脏经∶足少阴 手少阴 足厥阴 手太阴 足太阴
六腑经∶足太阳 手太阳 足少阳 手阳明 足阳明 手少阳
五脏脉∶沉濡 洪盛 弦长 浮短 缓大
五脏斤两∶一斤二两(又云∶一斤一两) 十二两(三毛七孔) 四斤四两(左三叶右
四叶)
三
六腑斤两∶九两二铢 二斤十四两 三两三铢 二斤十二两 二斤十四两
六腑丈尺∶纵广七寸(又云∶九寸) 长二丈四尺广二寸四分 三寸三分 一丈二尺广
六
六腑所受∶九升二合(又云∶九升九合) 二斗四升 一合(《难经》作三合) 一斗
二升 三
斗五升
五脏官∶后宫列女 帝王 上将军(又为郎官) 大尚书(又为上将军) 谏议大夫
六腑官∶水曹掾 监仓吏 将军决曹吏 监仓掾 内啬吏
五腑俞∶十四椎 五椎 九椎 三椎 十一椎
六腑俞∶十九椎 十八椎 十椎 十六椎 十二椎 十三椎
五脏募∶京门 巨阙 期门 中府 章门
六腑募∶中极 关元 日月 天枢 中脘 石门
五脏脉出∶涌泉 中冲(此心包络经,心经出少冲) 大敦 少商 隐白
流(《甲乙》作留∶)然谷 劳宫(心经流少府) 行间 鱼际 大都
注∶太溪 大陵(心经注神门) 太冲 大泉 太白
过∶水泉 内关(心经过通里) 中封 列缺 公孙
行∶复溜 间使(心经行灵道) 中 经渠 商丘
入∶阴谷 曲泽(心经入少海) 曲泉 尺泽 阴陵泉
六腑脉出∶至阴 少泽 窍阴 商阳 厉兑 关冲(此三焦经出入)
流∶通谷 前谷 侠溪 二间 内庭 液门
注∶束骨 后溪 临泣 三间 陷谷 中渚
过∶京骨 腕骨 丘墟 合谷 冲阳 阳池
行∶昆仑 阳谷 阳辅 阳溪 解溪 支沟
入∶委中 小海 阳陵泉 曲池 三里 天井
五窍∶耳(二阴) 舌(口) 目 鼻 唇
五养∶骨(精) 血(脉) 筋 皮毛(气) 肉
五液∶唾 汗 泪 涕 涎
五声∶呻(噫) 言 呼 哭 歌
六气∶ 吹 呼 呵 嘘 唏
五神∶志(精) 神 血(魂) 气(魄) 意(智又作营意)
五有余病∶胀满 笑不止 怒 喘喝仰息 泾溲不利
五不足病∶厥逆 忧(一作悲) 恐 息利少气 四肢不用
六情∶恶哀 怵虑(一作惠好) 好喜(一作直喜) 威怒 乐愚 贪狠 廉贞 阴贼 宽
大公正 奸邪
八性∶欲忌 友爱 慈(惠悲) 气(正) 公私(怨)
五常∶智(谋) 礼(哲) 仁(肃) 义 信(圣)
五事∶听(聪) 视(明) 貌(恭) 言(从) 思(睿)
五咎∶急 豫 狂 僭 蒙
五音∶吟咏 肆呼 讽 唱 歌
五声∶羽(四十八丝) 征(五十四丝) 角(六十四丝) 商(七十二丝) 宫(八
十一丝)
五色∶黑 赤 青 白 黄
五味∶咸 苦 酸 辛 甘
五臭∶腐 焦 膻 腥 香
五宜(子来扶母∶)酸 甘 苦 咸 辛
五恶(味之恶∶)甘 咸 辛 苦 酸
五恶(气之恶∶)燥 热 风 寒 湿
五数∶一(六) 二(七) 三(八) 四(九) 五(十)
五行∶水 火 木 金 土
五时∶冬 夏 春 秋 季夏
五形(外应五行之形,内法五脏之象) 曲 兑 直 方 圆
五畜∶豕(《外台》云∶豕鼠) 羊(《外台》云∶蛇、马) 鸡(《外台》云∶虎、兔)
犬
(《外台》云∶猴、鸡) 牛(《外台》云∶龙、羊、犬、牛)
五谷∶大豆 麦 麻 稻(黄黍) 稷
五果∶栗 杏 李 桃 枣
五菜∶藿 薤 韭 葱 葵
论曰∶假令人肾、心、肝、肺、脾为脏,则膀胱、小肠、胆、大肠、胃为腑。足少阴为
肾经,足太阳为膀胱经,下至五脏、五果、五菜,皆尔触类长之,他皆仿此。(《外台》续
添二十三条,本非《千金》之旧,今更不附入。)
The changes of the Five Zang organs (Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney) and Six Fu organs (Gallbladder, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Bladder, Sanjiao/Triple Burner) are infinite. They are scattered throughout the various meridians, their details are obscure and hidden, making it difficult to know them all at once. Now, I have compiled and collected these related contents to serve as a comprehensive reference, so that students who pay a little attention to explore and deduce can understand them quickly.
Five Zang: Kidney (Water, Number 1), Heart (Fire, Number 2), Liver (Wood, Number 3), Lung (Metal, Number 4), Spleen (Earth, Number 5).
Six Fu: Bladder, Small Intestine, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, Stomach, Sanjiao (Triple Burner).
Meridians of the Five Zang: Foot Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian), Hand Shaoyin (Heart Meridian), Foot Jueyin (Liver Meridian), Hand Taiyin (Lung Meridian), Foot Taiyin (Spleen Meridian).
Meridians of the Six Fu: Foot Taiyang (Bladder Meridian), Hand Taiyang (Small Intestine Meridian), Foot Shaoyang (Gallbladder Meridian), Hand Yangming (Large Intestine Meridian), Foot Yangming (Stomach Meridian), Hand Shaoyang (Sanjiao Meridian).
Pulses of the Five Zang: Sunken and soft (Kidney), Surging and abundant (Heart), String-like and long (Liver), Floating and short (Lung), Slow and large (Spleen).
Weight of the Five Zang: Kidney weighs one jin and two liang (another saying is one jin and one liang); Heart weighs twelve liang (with three hairs and seven pores on its surface); Liver weighs four jin and four liang (three lobes on the left, four on the right).
Weight of the Six Fu: Gallbladder weighs nine liang and two zhu; Stomach weighs two jin and fourteen liang; Large Intestine weighs three liang and three zhu; Small Intestine weighs two jin and twelve liang; Bladder weighs two jin and fourteen liang. (Note: The text lists weights corresponding to the Fu organs, though the exact mapping in this specific excerpt requires cross-referencing with standard anatomical descriptions in TCM classics).
Dimensions of the Six Fu: Gallbladder is seven cun in length and width (another saying is nine cun); Small Intestine is two zhang four chi long and two cun four fen wide; Large Intestine is three cun three fen wide; Stomach is one zhang two chi long and six cun wide.
Capacity of the Six Fu: Gallbladder holds nine sheng and two he (another saying is nine sheng and nine he); Small Intestine holds two dou and four sheng; Large Intestine holds one he (Nan Jing states three he); Stomach holds one dou and two sheng; Bladder holds three dou and five sheng.
Official Titles Analogous to the Five Zang: Kidney is like the women of the inner palace (preserving essence); Heart is like the Emperor (ruler of all); Liver is like the General-in-Chief (also referred to as an attendant official, planning strategy); Lung is like the Grand Secretary (also General-in-Chief, regulating qi); Spleen is like the Remonstrance Official (transforming and transporting).
Official Titles Analogous to the Six Fu: Gallbladder is like the Water Bureau Clerk (decision-making); Stomach is like the Granary Supervisor (receiving food); Large Intestine is like the General Judge (conduction); Small Intestine is like the Granary Attendant (separating clear from turbid); Bladder is like the Inner Treasurer (storing and excreting urine).
Back-Shu Points of the Five Zang: Kidney Shu at the 14th vertebra; Heart Shu at the 5th vertebra; Liver Shu at the 9th vertebra; Lung Shu at the 3rd vertebra; Spleen Shu at the 11th vertebra.
Back-Shu Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Shu at the 19th vertebra; Small Intestine Shu at the 18th vertebra; Gallbladder Shu at the 10th vertebra; Large Intestine Shu at the 16th vertebra; Stomach Shu at the 12th vertebra; Sanjiao Shu at the 13th vertebra.
Front-Mu Points of the Five Zang: Kidney Mu Jingmen; Heart Mu Juque; Liver Mu Qimen; Lung Mu Zhongfu; Spleen Mu Zhangmen.
Front-Mu Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Mu Zhongji; Small Intestine Mu Guanyuan; Gallbladder Mu Riyue; Large Intestine Mu Tianshu; Stomach Mu Zhongwan; Sanjiao Mu Shimen.
Jing-Well Points (Source of Qi) of the Five Zang: Kidney Yongquan; Pericardium Zhongchong (Note: Text specifies this is Pericardium meridian; Heart meridian source is Shaochong); Liver Dadun; Lung Shaoshang; Spleen Yinbai.
Ying-Spring Points (Flowing Qi) of the Five Zang: Kidney RanGu; Pericardium Laogong (Note: Text specifies Heart meridian flows to Shaofu); Liver Xingjian; Lung Yuji; Splein Dabu.
Shu-Stream Points (Poured Qi) of the Five Zang: Kidney Taixi; Pericardium Daling (Note: Text specifies Heart meridian pours to Shenmen); Liver Taichong; Lung Jingqu (Text says Daquan, likely a variant or error for Jingqu); Spleen Taibai.
Jing-River Points (Passing Qi) of the Five Zang: Kidney Shuiquan; Pericardium Neiguan (Note: Text specifies Heart meridian passes through Tongli); Liver Zhongfeng; Lung Lieque; Splein Gongsun.
He-Sea Points (Entering Qi) of the Five Zang: Kidney YinGu; Pericardium Quze (Note: Text specifies Heart meridian enters Shaohai); Liver Ququan; Lung Chize; Spleen Yinlingquan.
Jing-Well Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Zhiyin; Small Intestine Shaoze; Gallbladder Qiaoyin; Large Intestine Shangyang; Stomach Lidui; Sanjiao Guanchong (Note: Text indicates this is the entry/exit point for Sanjiao).
Ying-Spring Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Tonggu; Small Intestence QianGu; Gallbladder Xiaxi; Large Intestence Erjian; Stomach Neiting; Sanjiao Yemen.
Shu-Stream Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Shugu; Small Intestence Houxi; Gallbladder Linqi; Large Intestence Sanjian; Stomach Xangu; Sanjiao Zhongzhu.
Jing-River Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Jinggu; Small Intestence Wangu; Gallbladder Qiuxu; Large Intestence Hegu; Stomach Chongyang; Sanjiao Yangchi.
He-Sea Points of the Six Fu: Bladder Weizhong; Small Intestence Xiaohai; Gallbladder Yanglingquan; Large Intestence Quchi; Stomach Zusanli; Sanjiao Tianjing.
Orifices of the Five Zang: Kidney opens into the ears (and two yin orifices); Heart opens into the tongue (mouth); Liver opens into the eyes; Lung opens into the nose; Spleen opens into the lips.
Nourishment of the Five Zang: Kidney nourishes bones (stores essence); Heart nourishes blood (governs vessels); Liver nourishes tendons; Lung nourishes skin and hair (governs qi); Spleen nourishes muscles.
Fluids of the Five Zang: Kidney produces saliva; Heart produces sweat; Liver produces tears; Lung produces mucus; Spleen produces drool.
Sounds of the Five Zang: Kidney groans (or belches); Heart speaks; Liver shouts; Lung cries; Spleen sings.
Qi Sounds of the Five Zang: Kidney blows; Heart calls; Liver coos; Lung whistles; Spleen sighs.
Spirit of the Five Zang: Kidney stores Will (Zhi/Essence); Heart stores Spirit (Shen); Liver stores Ethereal Soul (Hun/Blood); Lung stores Corporeal Soul (Po/Qi); Spleen stores Intent (Yi/Wisdom).
Excess Syndromes of the Five Zang: Kidney excess manifests as abdominal distension; Heart excess manifests as uncontrollable laughter; Liver excess manifests as anger; Lung excess manifests as panting and仰息 (breathing with head thrown back); Spleen excess manifests as difficulty in urination and defecation.
Deficiency Syndromes of the Five Zang: Kidney deficiency manifests as cold extremities (JueNi); Heart deficiency manifests as sorrow (or grief); Liver deficiency manifests as fear; Lung deficiency manifests as shortness of breath and weak qi; Spleen deficiency manifests as inability to use the limbs.
Emotions Related to the Six Fu: Gallbladder relates to aversion and sadness; Stomach relates to anxiety and worry; Large Intestine relates to joy; Small Intestine relates to awe and anger; Bladder relates to happiness and foolishness; Sanjiao relates to greed and ruthlessness. (Note: The text lists complex emotional associations).
Eight Natures: Desire and taboo; Friendship; Compassion (or benevolence/sorrow); Righteousness (or uprightness); Public spirit vs. Selfishness (resentment).
Five Constants: Wisdom (Planning); Propriety (Philosophy); Benevolence (Solemnity); Righteousness; Trustworthiness (Holiness).
Five Affairs: Hearing (Acuity); Seeing (Clarity); Countenance (Respectfulness); Speech (Compliance); Thought (Wisdom).
Five Faults: Haste; Indecision; Madness; Transgression; Ignorance.
Five Musical Notes: Chanting; Loud calling; Satire; Singing; Song.
Five Pitch Standards: Yu (48 strings); Zhi (54 strings); Jue (64 strings); Shang (72 strings); Gong (81 strings).
Five Colors: Black; Red; Green/Cyan; White; Yellow.
Five Flavors: Salty; Bitter; Sour; Pungent; Sweet.
Five Odors: Rotten; Scorched; Musky; Fishy; Fragrant.
Five Suitable Flavors (Child supporting Mother): Sour; Sweet; Bitter; Salty; Pungent.
Five Unwanted Flavors: Sweet; Salty; Pungent; Bitter; Sour.
Five Unwanted Qi: Dryness; Heat; Wind; Cold; Dampness.
Five Numbers: One (paired with Six); Two (paired with Seven); Three (paired with Eight); Four (paired with Nine); Five (paired with Ten).
Five Elements: Water; Fire; Wood; Metal; Earth.
Five Seasons: Winter; Summer; Spring; Autumn; Late Summer (Ji Xia).
Five Shapes (External correspondence to Five Elements, Internal reflection of Five Zang images): Curved; Sharp (Dui); Straight; Square; Round.
Five Livestock: Pig (Wai Tai Yi Fang says: Pig, Rat); Sheep (Wai Tai Yi Fang says: Snake, Horse); Chicken (Wai Tai Yi Fang says: Tiger, Rabbit); Dog (Wai Tai Yi Fang says: Monkey, Chicken); Cow (Wai Tai Yi Fang says: Dragon, Sheep, Dog, Cow).
Five Grains: Soybean; Wheat; Hemp; Rice (Yellow Millet); Ji (Millet).
Five Fruits: Chestnut; Apricot; Plum; Peach; Jujube.
Five Vegetables: Broad bean leaves; Wild leek; Garlic chives; Scallion; Mallow.
Discussion: If we designate the Kidney, Heart, Liver, Lung, and Spleen as the Zang organs, then the Bladder, Small Intestine, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach are designated as the Fu organs. The Foot Shaoyin meridian belongs to the Kidney, and the Foot Taiyang meridian belongs to the Bladder. From here down to the Five Zang, Five Fruits, and Five Vegetables, one should extend knowledge by analogy, following this pattern for all other correspondences. (Note: The Wai Tai Mi Yao added twenty-three items later, which were not part of the original Qian Jin Fang, so they are not included here.)