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To treat cold syndromes, use hot-natured medicines; to treat heat syndromes, use cold-natured medicines; for indigestion of food, use emetics or purgatives; for *Guizhu* (a type of contagious tuberculosis) and *Gudu* (poisoning by gu worms), use antitoxic and vermifuge medicines; for carbuncles, sores, and tumors, use medicines for treating ulcerative lesions and neoplasms; for wind-dampness, use wind-dispelling and dampness-resolving medicines; for wind-lao (chronic fatigue due to wind), qi stagnation, and cold, select treatments according to appropriateness. Leigong said: Medicines are classified into three grades (Upper, Middle, Lower); diseases progress through three stages. Medicines differ in sweet and bitter tastes, and in light/heavy properties. Diseases vary in being new or chronic, and in cold/heat nature. Heavy, hot, greasy, and slippery substances, including salty, vinegar-flavored medicines and foods, are suitable for treating wind diseases but not for others. Light, cold, coarse, and astringent substances, including sweet and bitter herbal medicines and foods, are suitable for treating heat diseases but not for others. Light, hot, pungent, bitter, and bland substances, including medicines and foods, are suitable for treating cold diseases but not for others. This briefly outlines the general principles and their origins; other situations can be understood by observing symptoms. In clinical practice, one must adapt to circumstances and grasp these essentials.

The *Yao Dui* (Drug Pairs) states: The accumulation of various diseases all originates from deficiency, and deficiency gives rise to myriad diseases. "Ji" (accumulation) refers to masses formed in the Five Zang organs; "Ju" (gathering) refers to gas formations in the Six Fu organs. For such diseases, ancient formulas are generally used without modification. However, for those with deficiency and overwork, where complications are manifold, modifications should be made according to the specific condition. Ancient skilled physicians harvested herbs themselves, carefully examining their physical properties and therapeutic indications, selecting them at appropriate times. Harvested too early, the medicinal potency is not yet formed; harvested too late, the potent energy has faded. Modern physicians do not harvest herbs themselves, nor do they understand the timing related to solar terms, merely collecting whatever is available for use. Furthermore, they fail to discern the cold/heat properties and proper dosages. Although they possess the heart to cure disease, their efforts are often futile. [Note: The original text contains a gap here, resuming with specific modifications for deficiency syndromes.] If deficient and prone to vomiting, add Ren Shen (Ginseng Root); if deficient and restless, also add Ren Shen; if deficient and plagued by chaotic dreams, add Long Gu (Fossilized Bones); if deficient and experiencing excess heat, add Di Huang (Rehmannia Root), Mu Li (Oyster Shell), Di Fu Zi (Kochia Fruit), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root); if deficient and cold, add Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Xiong Qiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger); if deficient and depleted, add Zhong Ru (Stalactite), Ji Ci (Tribulus Spine), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche Stem), and Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Root); if deficient and having high fever, add Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) and Tian Men Dong (Asparagus Tuber); if deficient and forgetful, add Fu Shen (Poria with Hostwood) and Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root); if deficient and suffering from palpitations and restlessness, add Long Chi (Dragon Teeth), Zi Shi Ying (Hematite), Sha Shen (Glehnia Root), and Xiao Cao (Prunella Spike). For cold conditions, use Zi Shi Ying and Xiao Cao; for exogenous heat, use Sha Shen and Long Chi; if neither cold nor heat, these are unnecessary. If deficient and with dry mouth, add Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) and Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome); if deficient and with shortness of breath (gasping), add Hu Ma (Sesame Seed), Fu Pen Zi (Raspberry Fruit), and Bai Zi Ren (Biota Seed); if deficient with excessive qi and slight cough, add Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry) and Da Zao (Jujube Fruit); if deficient with stiff body and lumbar stiffness, add Ci Shi (Magnetite) and Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark); if deficient and very cold, add Gui Xin (Cinnamon Twig Heart), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit), Fu Zi (Aconite Lateral Root), and Wu Tou (Aconite Mother Root); if deficient with red urine, add Huang Qin; if deficient with exogenous heat, add Di Gu Pi (Lycium Bark) and Bai Shui Huang Jing (Polygonatum Rhizome processed with water); if deficient and cold, use Long Xi Huang Qi (Astragalus Root from Longxi); if deficient with phlegm and qi stagnation, add Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), and Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange); if deficient with loose stools due to small intestine laxity, add Sang Piao Xiao (Mantis Eggcase), Long Gu, and Ji Nei Jin (Chicken Gizzard Lining); if deficient with urinary difficulty due to small intestine dysfunction, add Fu Ling (Poria) and Ze Xie (Alisma Rhizome); if deficient with white turbid urine, add Hou Po (Magnolia Bark). These medicines are not used indiscriminately in every case; rather, one should match the cold/heat nature of the constitution precisely. This merely sketches a corner of the principles of addition and subtraction; practitioners should refer to this when prescribing.