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Chao Yuanfang stated: The so-called "Biao Chuang" (Biao Sore) in children is caused by wind-heat toxic qi invading the body, knotting with the skin, thereby generating Biao blisters that ulcerate into sores, hence named Biao Chuang. Tang's Niuhuang San (Calculus Bovis Powder) and Linxi Fang (Washing Decoction) can treat this condition. Additionally, the onset of Biao Ju (Biao Carbuncle) has several types. Initially presenting as spots that later expose bone, small lesions resemble millet grains or beans, while severe ones resemble plums or peaches. Colors vary unpredictably among red, black, green, and white. They may appear in the mouth and teeth, navel, back, or buttocks, with no fixed location, but are mostly seen between fingers. The root penetrates deeply into muscles, spreading along the arm with swelling, toxic blood flows and injects through sinews and vessels, causing flesh to rot exposing bone, with excessive bleeding. This leads to delirious speech, irritability, belching, and stifling sensations, all signs of toxic qi attacking the heart. Arisaema Cum Bile (Nanxing), Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia), and Angelica Dahurica Root (Baizhi) should be ground into powder for external application. It is excellent to wash the affected area first before applying the medicine. Various treatment principles should follow the protocols for treating carbuncles and sores; using Sophora Flavescens Root (Zaoguo) and burnt hair (Xuyutao) is particularly effective.

Niuhuang San See Question 37.

Sanhuang Zhenzhu San (Three-Yellow Pearl Powder) treats high fever caused by infantile malnutrition (Gan accumulation) and the formation of Yin Chuang (Yin Sores), commonly called "Liu". Where pus flows, moisture causes erosion and sore formation. This condition requires internal administration of medicines to digest food and resolve Gan accumulation, followed by the use of this formula.

Pine Rosin (Songxiang), Chinese Gall Nut (Wubeizi), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian), Lead Oxide (Huandan), Cuttlefish Bone (Haipiaoxiao) (each 3 qian), Calomel (Qingfen), Realgar (Xionghuang) (each a small amount).
Grind the above seven ingredients into fine powder. If the sore is dry, mix with sesame oil for topical application; if wet, sprinkle the dry powder directly. First wash with Yingji San decoction, then apply this medicine.

Yingji San Used for washing sores.
Red Peony Root (Chishaoyao), Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng), Sophora Flavescens Root (Kushen), Mint Herb (Bohe), Licorice Root (Gancao - raw), Artemisia Capillaris Herb (Liujinu), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai).
Decoct equal parts of these herbs in water. Wash the affected area to remove old pus, then sprinkle the powder from Qiansan Huang San onto the sore. After two or three applications, it will scab and heal. Alternatively, only Huadu Dan may be taken.

Tang Shi stated: The symptoms of pediatric variola/rash diseases are due to epidemic seasonal pathogens where heat cannot be resolved, accumulating in the Stomach. Since the Stomach governs muscles, toxic qi steams and erupts into the muscles, resembling mosquito bites, thus forming Ban Du (Rash Toxin). Red lesions indicate nine survivors out of ten, while black lesions indicate one survivor out of ten. This condition differs from Ban Zheng (Rash Syndrome). Rash appears like brocade patterns with gaps, resembling cloud heads; Ma Zheng (Measles Syndrome) covers the whole body without gaps, differing only in density to distinguish severity. Huanglian Xingren Tang (Coptis and Apricot Kernel Decoction) treats infants who have contracted pathogenic factors, resulting in severe heat and measles symptoms. As sores gradually emerge, accompanied by cough, stifling sensation, vomiting clear fluid, red eyes, swollen throat, and mouth/tongue sores, this formula is suitable to resolve them. There is also Huangqin Zhimu Tang (Scutellaria and Anemarrhena Decoction) for pediatric measles, promoting eruption of sores presenting as rash-like brocade patterns or foul-smelling white pus that does not dry. Symptoms include chest/heart stifling and thirst, vomiting clear fluid, and intermittent fever. This formula is suitable for treatment. In the initial ambiguous stage, Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) can be taken. For headache and severe heat, Chaihu Shengma Tang (Bupleurum and Cimicifuga Decoction), Huaban Tang (Resolve Rash Decoction), Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder), and Chantui Yin (Cicada Slough Drink) are all applicable. If fever lasts one or two days followed by the appearance and immediate disappearance of water blisters, it is named Shuidou (Water Pox). Light resolving agents suffice for recovery, primarily using Qianghuo San and Shengma Xiaodu Yin (Cimicifuga Detoxification Drink); Maijian San (Wheat Decoction) is also acceptable. Dalianqiao Tang (Large Forsythia Decoction) can also be taken to resolve and promote discharge. *Ren Shen* uses Huanglian Jupi Tang (Coptis and Tangerine Peel Decoction) to treat warm toxin causing rashes, which can treat measles accompanied by diarrhea. Taking this formula should stop the diarrhea first. It is similar to Huanglian Xingren Tang but contains more processed Magnolia Bark (Noupo) and Licorice Root (Gancao).

Ma Zheng (Measles Syndrome) throughout its course is suitable for Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) to release the exterior.
Ban Zheng (Rash Syndrome) is suitable for purgation but not for releasing the exterior.
Dou Zheng (Smallpox/Pox Syndrome) is unsuitable for both releasing the exterior and purgation.

Huanglian Xingren Tang Treats children contracting pathogenic heat, forming measles/pox symptoms. Sores gradually emerge with cough, stifling sensation, vomiting clear fluid, red eyes, swollen throat, mouth/tongue sores, and diarrhea.
Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) (1 liang), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Apricot Kernel (Xingren - peeled and tip removed, stir-baked with bran), Ephedra Stem (Mahuang - nodes removed), Bitter Orange (Zhike - pulp removed, stir-baked with bran), Kudzu Root (Gegen) (each half liang).
Crush into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water and drink. Add Magnolia Bark (Noupo) and Licorice Root (Gancao) if diarrhea is present.

Huangqin Zhimu Tang Treats child's five-zang pathogenic heat forming measles syndrome. Sores emerge as rash-like brocade patterns or foul-smelling white pus that does not dry. Symptoms include chest/stomach stifling, vomiting clear fluid, and intermittent fever. Suitable for taking this formula.
Kudzu Root (Gegen), Tangerine Peel (Chenpi), Apricot Kernel (Xingren - peeled and tip removed), Ephedra Stem (Mahuang - nodes removed), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Licorice Root (Gancao) (each half liang).
Crush into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add one cup of water, decoct until half a cup remains, strain and drink. If no vomiting, remove Tangerine Peel and add White Peony Root (Shaoyao); if vomiting occurs, use the original formula.

Shengma Tang See Question 52.
Chaihu Shengma Tang See Shengma Tang in Question 52.
Huaban Tang See Question 95.
Qianghuo San See Ginseng Qianghuo San in Question 20.
Chantui Yin See Chantui Gouteng Yin in Question 20.
Xiaodu Yin See Question 96.
Maijian San See Question 54.
Huanglian Jupi Tang See Question 95.