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The heaven has six external pathogenic factors: Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire. The human body has seven internal emotions: Joy, Anger, Sorrow, Pensive worry, Worry, Fear, and Fright. The seven emotions attract pathogens internally, while the six external factors follow externally. When these factors persist and do not cease, they manifest as diseases according to the internal attraction. This is the origin of Heart Fire encroaching upon Lung Metal (Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian) and Kidney Water declining and being counter-controlled by Fire. It is commonly known that red eyes indicate Heat. However, if the degrees and types of redness are not carefully examined, treatments differ accordingly.

If the sclera (Bai Jing) is purely red like fire, with heat radiating outward, this is a disease of Excessive Heat counter-restricting (where Fire, which normally controls Metal, becomes excessive and restricts it inversely). Treat according to the method for Excessive Heat counter-restricting. If the sclera is red and swollen, with loose edema of the eyelids, this is a disease of Wind-Heat failing to be controlled. Treat according to the method for Wind-Heat failing to be controlled. If the sclera is pale red, but the fine vessels are deep red, crisscrossing longitudinally and transversely, this is a disease caused by the Seven Emotions, Five Thieves (pathogens of the five Zang organs), irregular diet, and overwork. Treat according to the method for diseases caused by the Seven Emotions, Five Thieves, irregular diet, and overwork. If the sclera is neither swollen nor distended, but suddenly appears as if penetrated by blood, this is a disease where Blood is defeated by pathogens, coagulating and failing to circulate. Treat according to the method for Blood defeated by pathogens and coagulating without flowing. If the sclera slightly turns cyan, the cornea (Hei Jing) takes on a whitish hue, and between the white and black parts, there is a red ring like a belt, it is called "Baolun Hong" (Red Ring Encircling the Cornea). This is a disease of Evil Fire encroaching upon Lung Metal, with Kidney Water declining and being counter-controlled by Fire.

This disease may arise because the eye condition has persisted for a long time, causing depression and emotional stagnation; or because too many cold-natured medicines were mistakenly taken during the eye disease; or due to excessive sexual activity during the illness. All these can internally injure Yuan Qi (Primal Qi). Once Yuan Qi is deficient, Heart Fire becomes hyperactive, thus Fire can control Metal. Metal corresponds to the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian, and the sclera belongs to the Lung. Water corresponds to the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, and the cornea belongs to the Kidney. Water normally controls Fire, but when Water declines, it cannot control Fire and is instead controlled by Fire. Consequently, vision becomes unclear, dim as if in fog or dew. Or the eyeball may be uneven in height, its color lifeless and lacking luster, with redness encircling the cornea. Accompanied by dry mouth, bitter taste, excessive eye discharge, and astringency. If there is slight Heat, the main prescription is Huan Yin Jiu Ku Tang (Return Yin Rescue Bitter Decoction). Alternatively, Huang Lian Yang Gan Wan (Coptis Lamb Liver Pill) or Chuan Xiong Jue Ming San (Ligusticum Clear-Sight Powder) may be used. If there is no dry mouth, bitter taste, excessive discharge, or astringency, the main prescriptions are Zhu Yang Huo Xue Tang (Assist Yang Invigorate Blood Decoction), Shen Yan Jin Jiu Wan (Divine Efficacy Brood Pigeon Pill), or Wan Ying Chan Hua San (Universal Cicada Flower Powder). Regardless of the presence or absence of Heat, Qian Jin Ci Zhu Wan (Thousand Gold Magnetite Cinnabar Pill) should be taken to suppress Heart Fire, nourish Kidney Water, and enrich Yuan Qi, leading to natural recovery.

Alas! The six external factors of heaven do not necessarily harm humans; it is only through the seven emotions that humans invite them. If the seven emotions do not invite, from where would the six external factors come? Conversely, wishing to remain disease-free under such conditions is impossible.

Huan Yin Jiu Ku Tang (Treats chronic eye disease where the sclera slightly turns cyan, the cornea takes on a whitish hue, and a red ring like a belt appears between the white and black parts, known as Baolun Hong. Vision is unclear, dim as if in fog, eyeballs are uneven, color is lifeless and lusterless, accompanied by dry mouth, bitter taste, excessive eye discharge, astringency, and Heat in the Upper Jiao.)
Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Chinensis), Gancao Shao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, burnt tip), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Chuan Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii) (each 5 fen), Xixin (Herba Asari), Bencao (Radium Ligustici Chuanxiong Hort., here referring to Gaoben/Ligusticum sinense root) (2 fen), Gaoben (Rhizoma Ligustici Wallichii) (4 fen), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong) (1 qian), Danggui Wei (Radix Angelicae Sinensis caudex) (7 fen), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae), Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae) (each 6 fen), Honghua (Flos Carthami) (1 fen), Longdancao (Herba Gentianae) (3 fen).
Crush the ingredients. Add two zhong of plain water, decoct until eight fen remains. Strain and take hot.
In this formula, Shengma, Cangzhu, and Gancao warm and tonify Yuan Qi as Sovereign drugs, addressing deficiency by warming. Chaihu, Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Xixin, and Gaoben raise Yang and resolve stagnation as Minister drugs, addressing accumulation by dispersing. Chuanxiong, Jiegeng, Honghua, and Danggui Wei invigorate blood vessels as Assistant drugs, addressing stasis by promoting flow. Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbai, Zhimu, Lianqiao, Shengdihuang, and Longdancao clear Heat pathogens as Envoy drugs, addressing exogenous pathogens by eliminating them. This formula is also effective for diseases of exogenous pathogens in the Extraordinary Vessels and diseases of Strong Yang clamping Yin.

Juhua Jueming San (Indications same as above)
Shijueming (Concha Argoes, boiled in running east-flowing water for one fu hour, separately ground extremely fine and added to medicine), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, separately ground extremely fine and added to medicine), Muzei Cao (Herba Equiseti), Chuan Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, prepared), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Ganhualjuju (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici), Manjingzi (Fructus Viticis), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Caojueming (Semen Cassiae) (equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add two zhong of water, decoct until eight fen remains. Take together with the powder far after meals.
In this formula, Caojueming, Shijueming, and Muzei Cao brighten the eyes and remove nebula as Sovereign drugs. Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Manjingzi, and Ganhualjuju scatter Wind and raise Yang as Minister drugs. Gancao and Chuanxiong harmonize Qi and smooth Blood as Assistant drugs. Huangqin and Shigao treat and eliminate pathogenic Heat as Envoy drugs. This treatment is also suitable for diseases characterized by internal tension and external flaccidity.

Shen Yan Jin Jiu Wan (Indications same as above, with additional symptoms of dry mouth, bitter taste, excessive eye discharge, astringency, and pathogenic Heat in the Upper Jiao.)
Jin Banjiu (Ptilinopus juno, one bird, scalded, skin/feathers/head/beak/claws removed, roasted on bone with mild to strong fire until dry), Fuling (Poria) (4 liang), Ge Yanggan (Liver of Castrated Ram, one piece, thinly sliced with bamboo knife, roasted until scorched, avoid iron knives, remove fascia) (one piece), Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi) (2 liang), Manjingzi (Fructus Viticis) (2 sheng, washed clean, placed in silk bag, steamed for one fu hour, dried), Muli (Concha Ostreae, washed, powdered), Ganhualjuju (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici) (each 5 qian), Qumai (Herba Dianthi), Ruiren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, peeled and core removed), Caojueming (Semen Cassiae), Chuan Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii) (each 3 liang), Xixin (Herba Asari), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Baijili (Fructus Tribuli, stir-fried, thorns removed), Chuan Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) (each 5 liang).
Grind into fine powder. Use refined honey to form pills, pound 500 times. Make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, increasing to 30-50 pills. Take with warm water on an empty stomach.
In this formula, Ganhualjuju and Caojueming brighten the eyes as Sovereign drugs. Ruiren, Muli, Huanglian, and Jili remove Damp-Heat as Minister drugs. Fangfeng, Qianghuo, and Xixin ascend upward, while Qumai and Fuling drain downward as Assistant drugs. Jinjiu (Ptilinopus juno) tonifies the Kidney, Yanggan (Liver of Ram) tonifies the Liver, and Rougui guides the herbs into the Heat pathogen as Envoy drugs. The preparation of this formula reflects grand principles. Since the Kidney and Liver are distant, frequent administration of decoctions and powders is emphasized.

Wan Ying Chan Hua San (Treats adults and children with chronic or recent Wind Eyes, Qi Eyes, cloudy vision due to attacking pathogens, millet-like bumps on eyelids, pain or itching, gradual formation of nebula, or long-term Head Wind causing twitching, eyes gradually shrinking, red and ulcerated eye sockets. Suitable for all these conditions. Regular use dispels Wind, removes nebula, and brightens eyes.)
Shijueming (Concha Argoes, boiled in running east-flowing water for one fu hour, ground extremely fine, 1.5 liang), Chantui (Periostracum Cicadae, cleaned of dirt, 5 qian), Danggui Shen (Radix Angelicae Sinensis radix), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, prepared), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), Bai Fuling (Poria) (each 1 liang), Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Chinensis, processed with rice wash water, 4 liang), Shetui (Periostracum Serpentinum, roasted, 3 qian), Chi Shaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra) (3 liang).
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose. Mix with thick rice water and take far after meals and before sleep. Hot clear tea is also acceptable.
This formula is a compound preparation. When singular formulas fail, dual formulas are used, known as heavy formulas. Using both Cicada slough and Snake slough implies the meaning of double shedding to remove nebula as Sovereign drugs. Chuanxiong, Fangfeng, and Qianghuo clear and benefit the head and eyes as Minister drugs. Prepared Gancao and Cangzhu regulate the Spleen and Stomach; since the Spleen and Stomach are abundant in Qi and Blood, Chi Shaoyao tonifies Qi and Danggui Shen tonifies Blood as Assistant drugs. Shijueming suppresses Kidney Water, benefits Essence, and restores Yin; Bai Fuling divides Yin and Yang between upper and lower as Envoy drugs. It also treats diseases of exogenous pathogens in the Extraordinary Vessels.