水 性各不同。味淡。
天雨水 （性平。久下淫雨为潦水）
〔宜〕 治心病狂邪。
露水 （性平）
（露能解暑，疟疾由于暑，故治疟之药宜露一宿服）
〔宜〕 止烦，清心。
雪水 （性冷）
〔宜〕 解疫，去酒热，消痧扉。洗目退赤。
冰水 （性冷）
〔宜〕 去烦热，解暑毒酒毒。
〔忌〕 多食，寒热相激，成脾疾。
海水 （性温）
〔宜〕 去风瘙，消食胀。
江河水 （性平）
〔宜〕 煎通二便药。急流者，性速而达下，回流者，性逆而倒上。
泉水 （性寒）
〔宜〕 解热闷烦渴。
温泉水 （性热。下有硫硖）
〔宜〕 治疥癣。
井水 （性平）
（山泉者上，城市者下。清晨初汲，为井华水）
〔宜〕 治热解烦。
地浆水 （性寒）
（掘地作坑，用新汲水搅浊 待澄取用）
〔宜〕 治中暑 。
阴阳水 （性平。生熟各半）
〔宜〕 治上吐下泻，仓卒霍乱。
扬劳水 （性速。用勺扬起千遍。又名甘澜水）
〔宜〕 通二便。
百沸水 （性温。滚水久沸）
〔宜〕 主发散，助阳气。
屋漏水 （性寒）
〔忌〕 有毒不可用。
花瓶水 （性热）
〔忌〕 有毒不可饮。
盐卤水 （性热。有毒。熬盐初热，槽中滴下黑水）
〔忌〕 有大毒。
碱水 （性温涩）
（取蒿、蓼等草，用水浸过，晒干烧灰，以所浸之水淋汁，入白面凝结成碱）
〔宜〕 消食磨积，洗衣去垢。
〔忌〕 多用损肠胃。
米泔水 （性甘平）
〔宜〕 常饮调和脾胃。浸洗药良。
甑气水 （性凉）
〔宜〕 洗面上口唇烂疮。
饭汤水 （性温）
〔宜〕 调中开胃，理脏腑。
茶 性微寒。新茶性热，陈茶性凉。
〔宜〕 除烦止渴，消食下气。解食物油腻烧炙之毒。浓煎引吐。和生姜煎，名姜茶饮，茶助阴，
姜助阳，使寒热平，治小伤风寒可常用。
〔忌〕 多食寒胃，消脏腑脂膏。（嗜茶面黄，寒伤胃也）酒后饮茶，引入肾经、膀胱，多患瘕疝
水肿。空心早起亦忌。
《本草拾遗》云∶饮茶能消食除痰，止烦去腻，然过饮则伤脾胃。每食后，以浓茶漱口，烦腻既去
，脾胃不损，且食物之在齿间者，得茶漱涤之，尽消缩脱去，不烦刺剔，而齿亦因此坚密。
孩儿茶 （性涩）
（出南番。以细茶末入竹筒埋土中，日久取出，捣汁熬成块）
〔宜〕 清热，收湿，止血，化痰，生津。涂肌定毒疼。
酒 性热。
味辣者能散，味苦者能降，味甜者能和，味淡者利小便，味浓者性烈毒。最宜温服，宜少饮有益。
〔宜〕 和血行气，壮神御寒，消愁却邪，逐秽暖水，能通行一身之表，引药至极高之分。此少饮之益。
〔忌〕 热饮伤肺，冷冻饮料伤脾，多饮伤胃，成蛊膈，动火致吐血消渴，积湿生痰气足病，蓄热生痈疽及
成痔漏，为害无穷，至丧命不可救药。
烧酒 （性大热）
（宜浸药饮，贴汤火伤。不宜多饮热饮）
高粱酒 （性平。即稷米酒）
（和中止泄，治腹疾良）
粟米酒 （性寒）
（胃热稍渴者，饮之良。泄泻者不宜饮）
戒酒语∶
陈宗泗曰∶斟于杯中者，酒也。吸于口，入于喉，则流毒无穷。伤脏坏腑，乱性昏神，失事废
时，生嫌惹厌。助狂徒之气，发钝夫之言，致无形之疾，损有限之年。内受种种暗伤，外现般般丑
态。本能者纵而不节，不能者效而强贪。习惯难移，悔而莫及。今为改酒之名，谓之祸水。
麻油 性热。
〔宜〕 解毒润肠。调疮毒药良。
〔忌〕 生食滑肠胃。
菜油 性热。生则热，煎则寒。
茶油 性平。
〔宜〕 腌小菜。
豆油 性热。气膻。
〔宜〕 润肠。
〔忌〕 多食反困脾。
桐油 性冷。
〔宜〕 熬膏药。解热毒。
〔忌〕 误食大作泄泻。用陈柿饼煎水即解。
盐 性寒。
人心火盛，笑不止似疯者，用盐 赤，煎水饮之，即止。
〔宜〕 清火，解毒，固齿。善入而软坚。
〔忌〕 多食，伤肺发咳，伤肾发渴，助水肿，损容颜，泄胃中津液。（过食咸味必口干，可知）
醋 性温能敛。
〔宜〕 消食，解毒，开胃，令人思食。治口舌热疮，含
漱即愈。
〔忌〕 多食损齿、悴颜、伤筋。（因收缩太过也）
酱 性微寒。以豆造。陈久者良。
〔宜〕 除热及汤火毒，杀一切鱼肉菜毒。
〔忌〕 多食助湿损精。（因咸入肾也）患疮疖愈后勿食，防疤黑。
糟 性热。陈者性平。
〔宜〕 消食化滞。
〔忌〕 有痰火病者勿食。
红曲 性温。
〔宜〕 消食活血。
芥辣 性温。
〔宜〕 入肺，发汗散寒，利气豁痰。敷痈毒，消肿止痛。
〔忌〕 久嗽肺虚者勿食。
茴香 性热。
如麦大者为小茴，有棱瓣者为大茴。
〔宜〕 和中益肾，暖丹田。最利下部。
〔忌〕 多食发疮。因香辛故也。
花椒 性热纯阳。
秦产者名秦椒，蜀产者名川椒。椒之子名椒目。
〔宜〕 入肺发汗散寒，治咳嗽。入脾暖胃燥湿，消食除胀，除心腹冷痛。治阳衰溲数阴汗，补肾
，坚齿，明目，通经，杀痨虫，安蛔虫。
〔忌〕 肺胃热者不宜多食。
椒目
〔宜〕 治水蛊、肾虚耳鸣。
胡椒
性热。久蒸久晒，可用暖胃。
〔宜〕 暖胃快膈，治寒痰冷痢、胃寒吐水。
〔忌〕 多食损肺走气，痛齿昏目，动火发疮发痔。（此言生椒）
红椒 性热。
色红如珊瑚。有长而尖者，有短而圆者。又名海椒。
〔宜〕 入大肠。（解毒）切细和酱及猪油炒作菜料，治各痔疮神效。
〔忌〕 生食多食，致齿痛唇肿。
烟草 性热。
〔宜〕 散食胀、风寒湿痹，消滞气停痰，解山岚瘴气。
〔忌〕 多食，火气熏灼，耗精损神。
此烟草自明·万历年间始出于闽广。其相习食烟之始，以征滇之役，师入瘴地，无不染病，
独有一营无恙，因众皆食烟故也。
性属纯阳，其气强猛，故下咽即醉。虽散瘴邪，亦耗正气，凡火盛气虚之人，决不可用。
食烟醉闷者，噙冷水可解。或红白砂糖亦解。
戒烟语∶
汪三侬曰∶近日尚吃烟。予每语人曰∶为何以火烧五脏？请看吃烟之管，其中垢腻积满，人
之腹内亦必如此，其何以堪。有人闻予言，忽猛醒，誓戒不用。初甚决绝，少焉忆及，便开戒
矣。予曰∶病酒而禁酒之夫，破戒不待终朝；难产而畏产之妇，好合何须盈月。嗜烟之癖，甚
于酒色，惑溺殊可怪也。
斋戒语∶
人能斋戒，本是好念，何可尽非，然须问其发念果属何为。若只为畜类惜生，为福利求佑，为媚
悦佞佛，此三者皆可不必也。何也？如谓物与己同类，不宜宰食，则六畜原为人用，圣王立政，令畜五
鸡二彘者为何也。且卿大夫食肉，祠先者血食，奉亲者有酒肉，岂皆不仁不慈之事也。如谓福利于己
由此可求，世间善食甚多，积善必有余庆。其他善事可以不为，而独借持斋，冀必获福，有是理乎？至谓
以慈佞佛，媚而悦之，夫慈本仁德，仁者人也，当以爱人为先。论爱人泛而同类，近而亲友，至切而家庭
，皆在当爱。今人于一体人类，漠不相关，独区区惜此畜类，何慈之有。而谓为佛者不论真慈假慈，惟佑
持斋之人以为媚己，恐无是佛矣。夫所谓斋者，在明洁其心，内外兼持。一为虔修祀事。当奉祭祖先神明，
斋明盛服，饮食必改常。以昭敬也。一为抑制嗜欲。口之于味，为嗜欲之首，人所最难餍足者。而昏志气
，生疾病，皆原于此，所谓祸从口出，病从口入者是也。能斋，则滋味淡泊，气血不强悍，主宰清明，肉
躯皆得其职矣。一为扶助德行。凡人，见善不能决从，见恶不能决去。一念坚持其斋，捐所甚爱，就所不爱
，以此洁诚，增长善念，愈积善功。此皆奉斋者之所为，不缘畜类，不缘福利，不缘媚悦，内外兼持，克
己正志。人能克己，方许持斋，不然，徒成痴妄之人而已矣。
The nature of water varies, and its taste is light.
Heavenly Rainwater (Nature: Neutral. Accumulated water from prolonged continuous rain is called "Liao Shui" [floodwater].)
[Appropriate] Treats manic and psychotic disorders caused by Heart pathology.
Dew Water (Nature: Neutral.)
(Dew can resolve summer-heat. Since malaria is often due to summer-heat, herbs for treating malaria should be soaked in dew overnight before administration.)
[Appropriate] Relieves irritability, clears Heart heat.
Snow Water (Nature: Cold.)
[Appropriate] Resolves epidemics, removes internal heat from alcohol consumption, eliminates Sha Qi [toxic heat rash]. Washing the eyes reduces redness.
Ice Water (Nature: Cold.)
[Appropriate] Removes irritability and heat, resolves summer-toxin and alcohol-toxin.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption causes cold and heat to clash, leading to Spleen diseases.
Seawater (Nature: Warm.)
[Appropriate] Removes wind-induced skin itching, reduces food stagnation and bloating.
River Water (Nature: Neutral.)
[Appropriate] Decocting medium for medicines that promote urination and defecation. Rapid-flowing water has a swift nature that directs effects downward; stagnant/returning water has a reverse nature that directs effects upward.
Spring Water (Nature: Cold.)
[Appropriate] Resolves heat oppression, irritability, and thirst.
Hot Spring Water (Nature: Hot. Contains underground sulfur minerals.)
[Appropriate] Treats scabies and tinea infections.
Well Water (Nature: Neutral.)
(Mountain spring water is considered superior/higher; city well water is lower. The first drawing of well water in the early morning is called "Jing Hua Shui" [Well Flower Water].)
[Appropriate] Treats heat conditions, relieves irritability.
Earth Slurry Water (Nature: Cold.)
(Dig a pit, stir with freshly drawn water until turbid, let it settle, and use the clarified liquid.)
[Appropriate] Treats heatstroke.
Yin-Yang Water (Nature: Neutral. Half raw/unboiled water and half boiled water.)
[Appropriate] Treats vomiting and diarrhea, sudden cholera-like syndromes.
Yang Lao Water (Nature: Swift/Moving. Created by lifting water with a ladle a thousand times. Also known as Gan Lan Shui [Sweet Ripple Water].)
[Appropriate] Promotes urination and defecation.
Bai Fei Water (Nature: Warm. Boiling water boiled for a long time.)
[Appropriate] Primarily induces dispersion/sweating, assists Yang Qi.
Roof Leak Water (Nature: Cold.)
[Contraindicated] Toxic, must not be used.
Vase Water (Nature: Hot.)
[Contraindicated] Toxic, must not be drunk.
Brine (Nature: Hot. Toxic. The black water dripping from the vat during the initial heating phase of salt boiling.)
[Contraindicated] Highly toxic.
Alkali Water (Nature: Warm and Astringent.)
(Take mugwort, smartweed, etc., soak in water, dry, burn to ash, leach with the soaking water, add wheat flour to coagulate into alkali.)
[Appropriate] Digests food, breaks down accumulations, cleans clothes and removes stains.
[Contraindicated] Excessive use damages the stomach and intestines.
Rice Wash Water (Nature: Sweet and Neutral.)
[Appropriate] Regular drinking harmonizes the Spleen and Stomach. Good for soaking or washing medicinal herbs.
Zeng Qi Water (Nature: Cool.)
[Appropriate] Washes sores on the face and lips.
Rice Soup Water (Nature: Warm.)
[Appropriate] Harmonizes the Middle Jiao, opens the appetite, regulates Zang-Fu organs.
Tea Nature: Slightly Cold. New tea is slightly Hot; aged tea is Cold.
[Appropriate] Relieves irritability and thirst, promotes digestion and descends Qi. Resolves toxicity from greasy foods and roasted meats. Strong decoction induces vomiting. Decocted with fresh ginger, it is named Jiang Cha Yin [Ginger Tea Drink]; tea supports Yin, ginger supports Yang, balancing cold and heat, suitable for common mild wind-cold injuries.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption injures the Stomach with cold and depletes visceral fat. (Yellow complexion from tea addiction indicates cold damaging the Stomach.) Drinking tea after alcohol introduces pathogens into the Kidney and Bladder meridians, predisposing to masses (Jia Shan) and edema. Avoid on an empty stomach in the morning.
*Ben Cao Shi Yi* states: Tea digest food and remove phlegm, relieve irritability and grease, but overdrinking damages the Spleen and Stomach. Rinsing the mouth with strong tea after meals removes irritation without damaging the Spleen and Stomach; it washes food debris from teeth, preventing the need for picking tools and strengthening teeth.
Haier Tea (Nature: Astringent.)
(Originates from Southern regions. Fine tea powder is packed in bamboo tubes, buried in soil for a long time, then taken out, juiced, and boiled into blocks.)
[Appropriate] Clears heat, dries dampness, stops bleeding, transforms phlegm, generates fluids. Applied topically to calm toxins and pain.
Wine/Liquor Nature: Hot.
Pungent flavors disperse, bitter flavors descend, sweet flavors harmonize, bland flavors promote urination, strong flavors are potent and toxic. Best taken warm; small amounts are beneficial.
[Appropriate] Harmonizes blood, moves Qi, strengthens spirit, wards off cold, dispels sorrow and evil, purges filth, warms water passages, circulates through the exterior of the body, and guides medicinal properties to the highest parts of the body. These are the benefits of moderate drinking.
[Contraindicated] Hot drinks injure the Lungs; cold drinks injure the Spleen; excessive drinking injures the Stomach, leading to Gu Ge [distension/masses], fire stirring causing hematemesis and Xiao Ke [wasting-thirst syndrome], dampness accumulation generating phlegm and foot diseases, heat retention causing carbuncles and hemorrhoids/fistulas. Harm is endless, potentially fatal and incurable.
Baijiu (Distilled Spirits) (Nature: Very Hot.)
(Appropriate for infusing herbs or applying to burns/scalds. Not appropriate for excessive hot consumption.)
Sorghum Wine (Nature: Neutral. Made from broomcorn millet.)
(Harmonizes the Middle, stops diarrhea, good for abdominal diseases.)
Millet Wine (Nature: Cold.)
(Good for those with Stomach heat and slight thirst. Not suitable for those with diarrhea.)
Words on Abstaining from Alcohol:
Chen Zongsi said: What is poured in the cup is wine. Once inhaled into the mouth and throat, it becomes infinite poison. It injures viscera and bowels, confuses nature and clouds the spirit, causes loss of affairs and wastes time, creates resentment and disgust. It aids the arrogance of madmen and incites the words of the dull, causing invisible illnesses and shortening finite life. Internally suffering hidden injuries, externally displaying various ugly states. Instincts are indulged without restraint; impossible feats are imitated with forced greed. Habits are hard to change, regret comes too late. Now changing the name of wine to "Huo Shui" [Disaster Water].
Sesame Oil Nature: Hot.
[Appropriate] Detoxifies and moistens intestines. Good for preparing topical ulcer medications.
[Contraindicated] Raw consumption slides the intestines.
Vegetable Oil Nature: Hot. Raw is hot; cooked/fried becomes cold.
Camellia Oil Nature: Neutral.
[Appropriate] Pickling vegetables.
Soybean Oil Nature: Hot. Odor: Fishy/Muttony.
[Appropriate] Moistens intestines.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption traps the Spleen.
Tung Oil Nature: Cold.
[Appropriate] Making medicated plasters. Resolves heat toxins.
[Contraindicated] Accidental ingestion causes severe diarrhea. Resolved by decocting old persimmons in water.
Salt Nature: Cold.
For cases of excessive Heart Fire where laughter is uncontrollable like madness, boil red salt in water and drink to stop it immediately.
[Appropriate] Clears fire, detoxifies, strengthens teeth. Penetrates inward to soften hardness.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption injures the Lungs causing cough, injures the Kidneys causing thirst, exacerbates edema, damages complexion, and leaks Stomach fluids. (Dry mouth from excess salt proves this.)
Vinegar Nature: Warm and Astringent.
[Appropriate] Digests food, detoxifies, opens appetite, stimulates hunger. Treats hot sores in the mouth and tongue; rinse and it heals.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption damages teeth, saps facial vitality, and injures sinews (due to excessive contraction).
Soy Sauce Nature: Slightly Cold. Made from beans. Aged is better.
[Appropriate] Clears heat and toxin from scalds/burns, kills toxins in meat, fish, and vegetables.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption aids dampness and depletes essence (as salty flavor enters the Kidneys). Avoid after healing from boils/carbuncles to prevent dark scarring.
Lees/Dregs Nature: Hot. Aged is neutral.
[Appropriate] Digests food and resolves stagnation.
[Contraindicated] Contraindicated for those with Phlegm-Fire conditions.
Red Yeast Rice Nature: Warm.
[Appropriate] Digests food and invigorates blood circulation.
Mustard/Horseradish Spiciness Nature: Warm.
[Appropriate] Enters the Lungs, induces sweating to dispel cold, benefits Qi, resolves phlegm. Applied to carbuncles/toxins to reduce swelling and relieve pain.
[Contraindicated] Contraindicated for chronic cough with Lung deficiency.
Fennel Nature: Hot.
Small fennel is wheat-sized; large fennel has ridges and segments.
[Appropriate] Harmonizes the Middle, benefits the Kidneys, warms the Dan Tian. Most beneficial for the lower body.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption triggers sores due to its pungent/spicy nature.
Sichuan Pepper Nature: Hot and Pure Yang.
From Qin region: Qin Jiao. From Shu region: Chuan Jiao. Seeds are called Jiao Mu.
[Appropriate] Enters Lungs to induce sweating and dispel cold, treats cough. Enters Spleen to warm Stomach, dry dampness, digest food, relieve distension, and remove cold pain in heart/abdomen. Treats Yang deficiency with frequent urination and genital sweating, tonifies Kidneys, strengthens teeth, brightens eyes, unblocks meridians, kills TB worms, calms roundworms.
[Contraindicated] Not suitable for those with Lung/Stomach heat.
Pepper Seeds (Jiao Mu)
[Appropriate] Treats Shui Gu [ascites/water distension], Kidney deficiency tinnitus.
Black Pepper
Nature: Hot. Long steaming and sun-drying make it usable for warming the Stomach.
[Appropriate] Warms Stomach, opens chest, treats cold-phlegm and cold-dysentery, Stomach cold with vomiting of water.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption injures Lungs, dissipates Qi, causes toothache and blurred vision, stirs fire triggering sores and hemorrhoids. (Refers to raw pepper.)
Red Chili Nature: Hot.
Color red like coral. Long and pointed, or short and round. Also called Hai Jiao.
[Appropriate] Enters Large Intestine. (Detoxifies.) Chopped and mixed with sauce and lard as a dish ingredient, highly effective for all types of hemorrhoids.
[Contraindicated] Raw or excessive consumption causes toothache and lip swelling.
Tobacco Nature: Hot.
[Appropriate] Disperses food stagnation, wind-cold-damp bi, resolves stagnant Qi and retained phlegm, resolves mountain miasma.
[Contraindicated] Excessive consumption burns with fire energy, depletes essence and spirit.
Tobacco originated in Fujian and Guangdong during the Wanli era of the Ming Dynasty. Its popularity began during the campaign in Yunnan; soldiers entering miasma-infested areas all fell ill except one camp, because they smoked tobacco.
Its nature is Pure Yang, its qi is strong and fierce, hence intoxication occurs upon swallowing. Although it disperses miasma, it also depletes Zheng Qi [Upright Qi]. Absolutely contraindicated for those with excessive fire and deficient Qi.
Intoxication/stuffiness from smoking is resolved by holding cold water in the mouth, or using red/white sugar.
Words on Quitting Smoking:
Wang Sanlong said: Recently, smoking is fashionable. I often tell people: Why burn the five viscera? Look at the smoking pipe, filled with grime and residue; the human abdomen must be similar. How can one endure it? Someone heard my words, suddenly awakened, and vowed to quit. Initially very resolute, but soon remembering, they broke the vow. I say: An alcoholic trying to quit breaks the vow before the day ends; a woman fearing childbirth resumes intercourse before the month is up. The addiction to smoking is worse than alcohol and sex; bewitchment and indulgence are truly strange.
Words on Fasting/Vegetarianism:
If one fasts, it is originally a good intention, not entirely wrong, but one must ask what the intention truly is. If it is merely to spare animal lives, seek blessings/protection, or flatter Buddha, these three are unnecessary. Why? If saying animals are like us and shouldn't be slaughtered/eaten, then six domestic animals were created for human use. Sage kings established governance allowing keeping five chickens and two pigs—why? Moreover, nobles eat meat, sacrifices use blood offerings, and honoring parents involves wine and meat; are these all acts of irreverence and lack of compassion? If seeking blessings through this, there are many other good deeds; accumulating goodness surely brings surplus joy. Can one skip other good deeds and rely solely on fasting to guarantee blessings? Is there such logic? As for flattering Buddha with compassion, compassion is Ren De [Benevolent Virtue]; Ren is humanity, prioritizing love for others. Loving broadly includes kindred, closely includes relatives/friends, intimately includes family. Today, people are indifferent to humanity itself, yet only sparingly care for animals—where is the compassion? And claiming Buddha accepts any fake or real compassion, blessing only those who fast as flattery, implies no such Buddha exists. True fasting means clarifying and purifying the mind, maintaining both inner and outer aspects. One aspect is pious ritual observance: when sacrificing to ancestors and deities, one fasts, wears fine clothes, and changes diet to show reverence. Another aspect is restraining desires: taste is the primary desire, hardest to satisfy. Clouding will and causing disease stems from here—"disaster from the mouth, illness from the mouth." Fasting leads to bland tastes, non-violent Qi and Blood, clear mental mastery, and proper function of the physical body. Another aspect is supporting virtue: ordinary people hesitate to follow good or reject evil. Holding firm to fasting, giving up what is loved, embracing what is unloved, purifies sincerity, grows good thoughts, and accumulates merit. These are actions of those observing fasts, unrelated to animals, blessings, or flattery, maintaining inner and outer discipline, overcoming self and rectifying will. Only those who overcome themselves are permitted to fast; otherwise, they merely become deluded fools.