内经曰。肝脉大急沉。皆疝症也。心脉滑搏急为心疝。肺脉沉搏为肺疝。又三阳急为瘕
三阴急为疝。
夫疝者。由荣卫虚弱。寒湿不调。致令邪气乘虚入于心腹中。遂成诸疝。发则小腹疼痛
或绕脐逆上抢心。甚则手足厥冷。或大小便闭结。其诸疝因邪气流滞。乃成积聚。令人羸瘦
少气。洒淅寒热。嗜卧。饮食不养肌肤。或腹满呕吐。遇寒则痛。又有妇人小腹肿痛。攻击及
二腿者。亦疝气也。
一论疝气者。阴肿腹痛也。
川楝子 小茴香 破故纸 青盐 山茱萸（酒蒸） 三棱 莪术 通草 橘核 荔
枝核 甘草（各等分）
上锉。水煎。空心服。立效。收功加马兰花、苍术。如夏秋之月。暑入膀胱。疝气作痛
加黄连、香薷、扁豆、木通、滑石、车前子。
一论疝气肿痛。或大便闭结。或小便赤涩。或有寒有热。兼治之神方也。
川楝子（酒蒸去复选肉） 葫芦（酒炒） 小茴香（盐酒炒） 青盐 黑丑（捣碎） 木香
大黄 滑石 木通 吴茱萸（炒） 乌药 车前子
上锉。水煎。空心服。
一治疝气小肠气 南塘侄试效。
猪苓 泽泻 苍术 赤茯苓 陈皮 川木通 白芍 川楝子 乌药 元胡索 青
皮紫苏 马兰花 橘核仁（三十个） 尖槟榔 甘草（各等分）
上锉。生姜煎服。
一论治七疝。及奔豚小肠气。脐腹大痛。
七疝汤 知府刘水山传二方。
元胡索 小茴香（酒炒） 川楝子 全蝎（炒） 人参 大附子 山栀子 木香（各等分
）
上为细末。每服三钱。空心。温酒调服。
秘方 治症同前。
青蒿（一钱） 木通 甘草（各一钱） 川乌（炮三钱） 灯草（一钱）
上锉一剂。水煎。温服。
一论治外肾肿痛。诸般疝气。不论新久。一服如神。予尝用此丸治患疝气偏坠。已经十
余年。服至一料除根。永不再发。
木香金铃丸 严副使方
木香 乳香 没药 大附子（面裹火煨） 小茴香（盐酒炒） 川楝肉 元胡索 全蝎
人参（各等分）
上为细末。好酒打糊为丸。如梧子大。每服百丸。空心。热酒送下。一服立止。
一论疝气发于寒月者。寒邪入膀胱也。加减五积散。（方见中寒）根据本方加元胡索。专治
醉
饱后色欲不节。触伤下腹。致成疝气。其症自小腹连两胁上。心头吊痛。额出微汗。宜之。
一论疝气。其症发于暑月者。暑气入膀胱也。
加减香苓散
枳壳（麸炒） 陈皮 香附 苍术 麻黄 香薷 猪苓 泽泻 木通 滑石 车前
子三棱 莪术 川楝子 元胡索 甘草
上锉。姜、葱煎服。专治偏坠气。初起憎寒壮热。发表。轻者一服而愈。
一论疝气偏坠疼痛。属肾虚者。久服除根。六味地黄丸（方见补益）全料。内加人参（三
两） 甘
二两
酒打面糊为丸。如梧子大。每服百丸。淡盐汤下。
一论狐疝者。昼则气出。而肾囊肿大。令人不堪。夜则气入。而肿胀皆消。稍无疾苦。
盖狐之
为物也。昼则出穴而溺。夜则入穴而不溺。以斯症肖之。故曰狐疝。夫昼。阳也。夜。阴也
昼病而夜痞者。气病而血不病也。补中益气汤。（方见内伤）根据本方加酒炒黄柏、知母。
一论癫疝者。顽疝也。睾丸虽大而无疾苦也。此以父子相传。得于有生之初已然。非若有生
之后。三因所致之疾也。故不必主治。
一论诸疝疼痛。太学生徐扩吾传。
猪苓 泽泻 木通 赤茯苓 胡芦巴 川楝肉 海藻 牵牛 巴戟 桂心 竹茹
上锉。水煎。空心服。
一论治疝气。许碧 传。
槟榔（一两） 木通（一两五钱） 橘核 川楝子 小茴香 白茯苓 白术 猪苓 泽
泻（各一两）
上锉。水煎。空心服。
一治偏坠气痛。用江枳壳、橘核、角茴三味。同炒至褐色去壳。将三味捣烂。头酒煎服
立愈。
一治偏坠气。用猪悬蹄烧存性为末。每服三钱。黄酒调下。
一论治小肠偏坠气。用猪毛烧灰。每服二钱。空心。热酒送下。立已。一方。加小茴香
炒。
一治疝气偏坠。肿痛不可忍。用槐子一钱炒为末。入盐三分。空心热酒送下。立消而止
一治阴囊风痒。宜浮萍煎水洗之。如成疮。用黄连、轻粉、鸡蛋壳烧灰。将末擦之。即
已。
一治阴囊痒不可忍。宜猪肉汤。加胡椒煎汤。洗之立已。
一治阴囊肾茎。肛门瘙痒。抓破出血。好而又痒者。陈久酽醋二碗。熬至一碗。洗患处
立已。
一治外肾肿大疼痛者。用大黄末。酽醋调敷患处。立消。
一周少峰亲家患疝气。偏坠肿痛。不可忍者。遇一秀才传一方。用黄土。水和作干泥
拍作大饼。火炷柱架火上烘热。熨痛处。冷则再易。立愈。
一外肾因扑损而伤。睾丸偏大。有时疼痛者。中有瘀血。名曰血疝。宜于夜分之时。自
以一
手托其下。一手按其上。由轻至重。玩弄百回。弥月之间。瘀血尽散。陈气皆行。诚妙术也
虽年深日久。无不愈之。
一治外肾着惊缩小者。
麝香（二钱） 朝脑（三钱） 莴苣子（一茶匙）
上用莴苣叶捣为膏。贴脐上。
一治偏坠疝气。车左源传。
苍术（一片童便人乳各浸三日炒干） 橘核（一两）
上为末。酒糊为丸。每服百丸。空心送下。
一治疝气。戴耕愚传。
荔枝核（三钱烧存性） 小茴香（炒一钱） 川楝肉（一钱） 橘核（一钱）
上为末。盐酒调服。看时令。先要发散寒暑。
一治外肾肿大。麻木痛硬。及奔豚疝气偏坠。
七制金铃丸
川楝子（不蛀者四十九个去皮核切片分七制各用七个） 小茴香（二钱五分慢火同炒并用茴
香）
斑蝥（十四个先去翅同炒去斑蝥不用） 巴豆肉（十四个切作四段同炒去巴豆不用） 萝卜子（
二钱五分同炒去萝卜子不用） 外加大茴香（炒） 青木香 南木香 辣桂（各二钱五分）
上为细末。酒糊为丸。如梧子大。每服三十丸。食前。盐酒下。指日计功。打坠瘀血症
本方加元胡索半两略炒。没药为末。酒调下。
一治肾大如斗。不过三服除根。
大小茴香 青皮 荔枝核（各等分）
上锉散。炒黄。出火毒。为细末。酒调下二钱。日进三服。
一治疝气。外肾肿胀。神效。
四圣散
小茴香（炒） 穿山甲（炒） 全蝎（炒） 南木香（各等分）
上为末。每服二钱。酒调服。一服立效。
According to the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), a liver pulse that is large, rapid, and deep indicates all types of hernia diseases. A heart pulse that is slippery, forceful, and rapid indicates Heart Hernia (Xin Shan). A lung pulse that is deep and forceful indicates Lung Hernia (Fei Shan). Furthermore, urgency in the Three Yang meridians results in mass accumulation (Jia), while urgency in the Three Yin meridians results in hernia (Shan).
Hernia diseases arise from deficiency in Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, and imbalance between cold and dampness, allowing pathogenic factors to invade the heart and abdomen when the body is deficient, thereby forming various hernias. Upon onset, there is pain in the lower abdomen, or pain radiating around the umbilicus upward to the heart region. In severe cases, the hands and feet become cold, or there is constipation and urinary retention. Accumulations formed by the stagnation of pathogenic factors cause emaciation, shortness of breath, alternating chills and fever, lethargy, inability of diet to nourish the muscles and skin, abdominal distension, vomiting, and pain exacerbated by cold. Additionally, women may experience swelling and pain in the lower abdomen radiating to both thighs, which also belongs to Hernia Qi (Shan Qi).
**Discussion 1 on Hernia Qi:** Manifesting as scrotal swelling/pain and abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi), Po Gu Zhi (Semen Psoraleae), Qing Yan (Halitum), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni, steamed with wine), San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii), E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), Tong Cao (Medulla Tetrapanacis), Ju He (Semen Citri Reticulatae), Li Zhi He (Semen Nephelii Litchi), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) — equal parts.
Crush the ingredients, decoct in water, and take on an empty stomach for immediate effect. To consolidate the cure, add Ma Lan Hua (Flos Iris lacteiflora) and Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis). If summer-heat enters the Bladder causing hernia pain in summer/autumn, add Huang Lian (Radix Coptidis), Xiang Ru (Herba Elsholtziaee), Bian Dou (Semen Phaseoli), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Hua Shi (Talcum), and Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis).
**Discussion 2 on Hernia Swelling/Pain:** For cases with constipation, red and scanty urine, regardless of cold or heat patterns, this is a divine formula for comprehensive treatment.
Ingredients: Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan, steamed with wine, flesh removed), Hu Lu (Lagenaria siceraria, stir-fried with wine), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried with salt and wine), Qing Yan (Halitum), Hei Chou (Semen Kochiae, crushed), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandoniae), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Hua Shi (Talcum), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Wu Zhu Yu (Fructus Evodiae, stir-fried), Wu Yao (Ramulus Linderae), Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis).
Crush the ingredients, decoct in water, and take on an empty stomach.
**Discussion 3 on Treating Hernia Qi and Small Intestine Qi:** Tested and effective by the nephew of Nantang.
Ingredients: Zhu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Chi Fu Ling (Poria cum Rubro), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Chuan Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Bai Shao (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan), Wu Yao (Ramulus Linderae), Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis), Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Zi Su (Folium Perillae), Ma Lan Hua (Flos Iris lacteiflora), Ju He Ren (Semen Citri Reticulatae, 30 pieces), Jian Bing Lang (Arecae Semen), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) — equal parts.
Crush the ingredients, decoct with fresh ginger, and take.
**Discussion 4 on Treating Seven Types of Hernia, Ben Tun (Running Piglet) Qi, and Severe Abdominal Pain:**
Seven Hernia Decoction (Qi Shen Tang), transmitted by Prefect Liu Shuishan.
Ingredients: Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried with wine), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan), Quan Xie (Scorpio, stir-fried), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng), Da Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), Shan Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandoniae) — equal parts.
Grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose, on an empty stomach, mixed with warm wine.
Secret Recipe: Treats the same symptoms as above.
Ingredients: Qing Hao (Herba Artemisiae Annuae, 1 qian), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae, 1 qian), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 qian), Chuan Wu (Radix Aconiti Karakolicum Preparata, 3 qian), Deng Cao (Medulla Junci, 1 qian).
Cut one dose, decoct in water, and take warm.
**Discussion 5 on Treating External Kidney (Testicle) Swelling/Pain and Various Hernias:** Effective after one dose for both new and chronic cases. I once used this pill to treat a patient with hernia-induced unilateral testicular descent lasting over ten years; after one course, it was cured permanently without recurrence.
Mu Xiang Jin Ling Wan (Aucklandia and Melia Pill), from the method of Vice Commissioner Yan.
Ingredients: Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandoniae), Ru Xiang (Resina Acaciae Cathartae), Mo Yao (Resina Commiphorae), Da Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, wrapped in flour and baked in fire), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried with salt and wine), Chuan Lian Rou (Mesocarp of Fructus Toosendan), Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis), Quan Xie (Scorpio), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) — equal parts.
Grind into fine powder, use good wine to make paste for pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 100 pills per dose, on an empty stomach, with hot wine. Pain stops immediately after one dose.
**Discussion 6 on Hernia Onset in Cold Months:** Caused by cold pathogen entering the Bladder. Modified Wu Ji San (see "Middle Cold" chapter). Add Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis) to this formula. Specifically treats hernia caused by excessive eating/drinking followed by unregulated sexual activity, injuring the lower abdomen. Symptoms include pain extending from the lower abdomen to the hypochondrium,吊痛 (pulling pain) in the heart region, and slight sweating on the forehead. This formula is suitable.
**Discussion 7 on Hernia Onset in Hot Months:** Caused by summer-heat pathogen entering the Bladder.
Modified Xiang Ling San
Ingredients: Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii, bran-fried), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Xiang Fu (Rhizoma Cyperi), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis), Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae), Xiang Ru (Herba Elsholtziaee), Zhu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Hua Shi (Talcum), Che Qian Zi (Semen Plantaginis), San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii), E Zhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan), Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae).
Crush the ingredients, decoct with ginger and green onion. Specifically treats unilateral testicular descent. For early stages with aversion to cold and high fever, it releases the exterior. Mild cases are cured after one dose.
**Discussion 8 on Hernia Unilateral Descent and Pain due to Kidney Deficiency:** Long-term use cures the root. Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) (see "Tonification" chapter), using the full prescription, plus Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng, 3 liang) and Gan [Missing Character/Liang] (2 liang).
Use wine and wheat paste to make pills, size of Sophora seeds. Take 100 pills per dose, with light salt water.
**Discussion 9 on Fox Hernia (Hu Shan):** During the day, Qi exits, causing testicular swelling which is unbearable; at night, Qi retracts, and swelling disappears, leaving no discomfort. The fox comes out of its hole to urinate during the day and stays inside without urinating at night. This symptom resembles the fox, hence the name Fox Hernia. Day is Yang, Night is Yin. Disease manifesting by day and obstructing by night indicates Qi pathology without Blood pathology. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (see "Internal Injury" chapter). Add Jiu Chao Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex, wine-stir-fried) and Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) to this formula.
**Discussion 10 on Dian Hernia:** Stubborn hernia. The testicles are enlarged but painless. This is hereditary, present from birth, not caused by the three categories of pathogens after birth. Therefore, specific treatment is not necessary.
**Discussion 11 on Various Hernia Pains:** Transmitted by Imperial Student Xu Kuowu.
Ingredients: Zhu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae), Chi Fu Ling (Poria cum Rubro), Hu Lu Ba (Semen Trigonellae), Chuan Lian Rou (Mesocarp of Fructus Toosendan), Hai Zao (Thallus Sargassii), Qian Niu (Semen Kochiae), Ba Ji (Radix Morindae Officinalis), Gui Xin (Cortex Cinnamomi), Zhu Ru (Caulis Bambusae in Taeniam).
Crush the ingredients, decoct in water, and take on an empty stomach.
**Discussion 12 on Treating Hernia Qi:** Transmitted by Xu Bi.
Ingredients: Bing Lang (Arecae Semen, 1 liang), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae, 1.5 liang), Ju He (Semen Citri Reticulatae), Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi), Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Zhu Ling (Poria), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis) — each 1 liang.
Crush the ingredients, decoct in water, and take on an empty stomach.
**Discussion 13 on Treating Unilateral Testicular Pain:** Use Jiang Zhi Ke (Zhi Ke from Jiangxi), Ju He (Semen Citri Reticulatae), and Jiao Hui (Fructus Foeniculi, likely referring to a specific type or part) stir-fried together until brown. Remove shells, crush the three ingredients, decoct with the first brew of yellow wine, and cure immediately.
**Discussion 14 on Treating Unilateral Testicular Descent:** Use Zhu Xuan Ti (Porcine Hoof Nail) burned to retain character, ground into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with yellow wine.
**Discussion 15 on Treating Small Intestine Unilateral Descent:** Use pig hair burned to ash. Take 2 qian per dose, on an empty stomach, with hot wine. Immediate improvement. Another method: stir-fry with Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi).
**Discussion 16 on Treating Hernia Unilateral Descent with Unbearable Swelling/Pain:** Use Huai Zi (Semen Gleditsiae Sinensis) 1 qian, stir-fried to powder, add 3 fen of salt. Take on an empty stomach with hot wine. Disperses and stops pain immediately.
**Discussion 17 on Treating Scrotal Wind Itch:** Wash with decoction of Fu Ping (Herba Wolffobiae). If sores form, use Huang Lian (Radix Coptidis), Qing Fen (Calomelas), and eggshell burned to ash. Apply powder to the area. Cure immediately.
**Discussion 18 on Treating Unbearable Scrotal Itch:** Use pork soup with added pepper, decoct, and wash the area. Cure immediately.
**Discussion 19 on Treating Scrotal, Penile, and Anal Itching with Bleeding and Recurrence:** Use two bowls of aged strong vinegar, boil down to one bowl. Wash the affected area. Cure immediately.
**Discussion 20 on Treating External Kidney Swelling/Pain:** Use Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) powder mixed with strong vinegar. Apply to the affected area. Disperses immediately.
**Discussion 21:** My relative-in-law Zhou Shaofeng suffered from hernia with unbearable unilateral swelling and pain. A scholar passed on a recipe: Use yellow earth, mix with water to make dry mud, pat into large cakes. Heat over a fire pillar. Apply heat compress to the painful area. Replace when cool. Cure immediately.
**Discussion 22:** External kidney injury from trauma, causing unilateral testicular enlargement and occasional pain, indicates blood stasis, named Blood Hernia (Xue Shan). At midnight, use one hand to support the bottom and the other to press the top. Massage gently to firmly for 100 times. Within a month, blood stasis dissipates and stale Qi moves. This is a wonderful technique. Even for long-standing cases, it is curable.
**Discussion 23 on Treating Constricted External Kidney due to Shock:**
Ingredients: She Xiang (Moschus, 2 qian), Zhao Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 3 qian), Wo Ju Zi (Semen Lactucae, 1 tea spoon).
Mash Wo Ju Ye (Folium Lactucaefolii) into a paste and apply to the navel.
**Discussion 24 on Treating Unilateral Hernia Qi:** Transmitted by Che Zuoyuan.
Ingredients: Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis, one slice soaked in child's urine and cow's milk for three days each, then stir-fried dry), Ju He (Semen Citri Reticulatae, 1 liang).
Grind into powder, make pills with wine paste. Take 100 pills per dose, on an empty stomach.
**Discussion 25 on Treating Hernia Qi:** Transmitted by Dai Gengyu.
Ingredients: Li Zhi He (Semen Nephelii Litchi, 3 qian, burned to retain character), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried 1 qian), Chuan Lian Rou (Mesocarp of Fructus Toosendan, 1 qian), Ju He (Semen Citri Reticulatae, 1 qian).
Grind into powder, take mixed with salt wine. Consider the season; first disperse cold and summer-heat.
**Discussion 26 on Treating External Kidney Swelling, Numbness, Hardness, and Pain, and Ben Tun Hernia Unilateral Descent:**
Seven-Processed Jin Ling Wan
Ingredients: Chuan Lian Zi (Fructus Toosendan, 49 non-wormy ones, peel and remove seeds, slice, divide into seven processing methods, 7 for each), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, 2.5 qian, slow-fire stir-fried together), Ban Mao (Mylabris, 14, remove wings, stir-fried together, discard Ban Mao), Ba Dou (Semen Crotonis, 14, cut into four segments, stir-fried together, discard Ba Dou), Luo Bo Zi (Semen Raphani, 2.5 qian, stir-fried together, discard Luo Bo Zi), plus Da Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried), Qing Mu Xiang (Radix Saussureae), Nan Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandoniae), La Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi, 2.5 qian each).
Grind into fine powder, make pills with wine paste, size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose before meals, with salt wine. Effects seen quickly. Treats descending and blood stasis syndromes. For this formula, add Yuan Hu Suo (Rhizoma Corydalis, 0.5 liang, slightly stir-fried) and Mo Yao (Resina Commiphorae, powdered), taken mixed with wine.
**Discussion 27 on Treating Enlarged Kidneys like a Bucket:** Cured in three doses.
Ingredients: Da Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi), Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi), Qing Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Li Zhi He (Semen Nephelii Litchi) — equal parts.
Crush into powder, stir-fry until yellow, remove fire toxicity, grind to fine powder. Take 2 qian mixed with wine, three times daily.
**Discussion 28 on Treating Hernia with External Kidney Swelling:** Divine Effect.
Four Saints Powder (Si Sheng San)
Ingredients: Xiao Hui Xiang (Fructus Foeniculi, stir-fried), Chuan Shan Jia (Squama Manis, stir-fried), Quan Xie (Scorpio, stir-fried), Nan Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandoniae) — equal parts.
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with wine. Immediate effect after one dose.