仲景论冬伤于寒，夏为热病。
《外台》黄帝曰∶伤寒热病死候有九，四曰老人婴儿热病腹满者死。
《圣惠》云∶小儿热病者，是冬时严寒，人有触冒寒气，入于肌肉，当时不即发，至夏为热病。凡邪之伤
人，皆由触冒，所以感之。小儿虽不能触冒，其乳母抱持解脱，不避风邪，冷热气所感病也。
《千金》升麻汤 治小儿伤寒变热毒病，身热、面赤、口燥、心腹坚急，大小便不利。或口疮者；或因壮热，
便四肢挛掣惊，仍成痫疾，时发时醒，醒后身热如火者，悉主之方。
升麻 白薇 麻黄（去根节） 葳蕤 柴胡 甘草（炙。各半两） 黄芩（一两） 朴硝 大黄 钩藤（各六铢）
上十味 咀，以水三升，先煮麻黄，去上沫，纳诸药，煮取一升。儿生三十日至六十日，一服二合。六十
日至百日，一服二合半。百日至二百日，一服三合。（《伤寒证治》亦以此治热病。）
《圣惠》治小儿热病，头痛口干，身体壮热，心神烦躁。宜服解肌散方
麻黄（三分，去根节） 葛根（锉） 赤芍药 黄芩 川升麻 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各半两）
上件药捣，筛为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，入葱白五寸，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小分减温
服。令有汗出即瘥。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，心烦壮热，口干多渴。宜服茵陈散方
茵陈 麻黄（去根节） 赤芍药 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 黄芩 葛根（锉。各半两）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小增减温服。汗出为效。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，烦热惊悸。石膏散方
石膏（细研） 川大黄（锉碎，微炒） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各半两） 大青 黄芩 栀子仁 知母 葳蕤 川升
麻葛根（锉） 龙胆（去芦头。各一分）
上件药捣，筛为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小分减温服。
《圣惠》治小儿热疾，头痛，心躁，眼黄。吴蓝散方
吴蓝 大青 芦根（锉） 石膏（细研。各一两） 甘草（炙微赤，锉） 麦门冬（去心，焙） 黄芩（各三分）
茵陈 栀子仁（各半两）
上件药捣，粗罗为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小分减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，烦热不解，大小肠秘涩，心胸闷乱。犀角散方
犀角屑 赤芍药 黄芩 川升麻 栀子仁 地骨皮 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各半两） 麦门冬（去心） 川大黄（锉，
微炒。各三分）
上件药捣，筛为散。每服一钱，以水一小盏，煎至五分，去滓。不计时候，量儿大小分减温服。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，心神狂躁，身热如火，头痛烦渴，眠卧不得。真珠散方
真珠（末） 马牙硝 龙齿 寒水石 太阴元精石（各一分） 铅霜 朱砂（各半两） 牛黄 麝香（各半分）
上件药，都研令细。不计时候，以新汲水调下半钱。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，皮肤壮热。子芩散
子芩 川升麻 栀子仁 大青 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各一分）
上件药捣，细罗为散。不计时候，以新汲水调下半钱。量儿大小以意加减。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，壮热心闷。牛黄散方
牛黄（半分） 朱砂（各细研） 茯神 栝蒌根（锉） 苦参（锉） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各一分）
上件药捣，细罗为散，入研了药，都研令匀。不计时候，以新汲水调下半钱。量儿大小以意增减。
《圣惠》又方
胡黄连 栀子仁 牛黄（细研） 甘草（炙微赤，锉。各半两） 子芩（一两）
上件药捣，细罗为散，研入牛黄令匀。不计时候，以蜜水调下半钱。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，烦渴头痛，壮热不止方。
生地黄（汁，三合）
上入生蜜半合和匀，时时与一合服。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿热病烦渴方。
上取栝蒌根末，不计时候，以乳汁调半钱。量儿大小加减服之。
《圣惠》治小儿热病，腹胀大肠不通方。
上用牵牛子半两，微炒，捣，细罗为散。每服以橘皮汤调下半钱，稍利为效。量儿大小以意加减。
张涣治热病石膏散方
石膏 白茯苓 干葛根（各一两） 甘草（炙） 黄芩 芍药（各半两）
上件捣，罗为细末。每服一钱，水一小盏，入竹叶、薄荷各少许，煎至五分，去滓。放温服。
张涣又方地黄散
生干地黄（一两） 枣叶（一握，洗，焙干） 栀子仁 黄芩 陈橘皮（汤浸，去白。各半两）
上件捣，罗为细末。每服一钱，水八分一盏，入葱白、盐、豉各少许，煎至五分。去滓，放温服。
张涣治小儿热病口干，心神烦躁。真珠散方
真珠（末） 牛黄 龙脑（各一钱，并细研） 瓜根 茯神 朱砂（研，水飞。各半两） 马牙硝 寒水石（并为
细末。各一分）
上件一处拌匀。每服半钱，蜜水调下，量儿大小加减。
张涣又方犀角饮子
犀角屑 川大黄（炮，细锉） 川升麻（各一两） 赤芍药 人参（去芦头） 甘草（炙。各半两）
上件捣，罗为细末。每服一钱，水一盏，入竹叶三片，煎至五分，去滓。放温服。
张涣又方地骨皮散
地骨皮（洗，焙干） 川大黄（微炮） 黄芩（各一两） 麦门冬（去心） 黄 甘草（炙。各半两）
上件为细末。每服一钱，水八分一盏，荆芥少许，煎至五分，去滓温服。
Zhang Zhongjing discusses: Contracting cold pathogens in winter leads to febrile diseases (Re Bing) in summer.
The *Waitai Miyao* records the Yellow Emperor stating: There are nine critical fatal conditions in typhoid and febrile diseases; the fourth is when elderly people and infants suffering from febrile disease present with abdominal fullness, which indicates a fatal prognosis.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* states: Pediatric febrile disease occurs when, during the severe cold of winter, individuals are exposed to cold pathogens that penetrate into the muscles. The disease does not manifest immediately but develops into a febrile disease in summer. All pathogenic invasions result from exposure to external factors. Although children do not actively expose themselves, if the wet nurse neglects care while holding or attending to the child and fails to shield them from wind pathogens, the illness arises from the invasion of cold and heat qi.
Shengma Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction - Note: Text says Shengma, usually Cimu or specific formula name, here translated as Shengma Tang) from the *Qianjin Fang* treats pediatric typhoid transformed into heat-toxin disease. Symptoms include body fever, red face, dry mouth, hardness and urgency in the heart and abdomen, and difficulty in urination and defecation. It also treats oral ulcers; or convulsions and惊厥 (convulsions/tetany) of the four limbs caused by high fever, which may develop into epilepsy (Xian Ji), characterized by alternating episodes of unconsciousness and waking, with body heat like fire upon waking. This formula addresses all these conditions.
Herbs: Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Baiwei), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄 - roots and nodes removed), Polygonati Rhi-zoma (Weirui), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried, each 0.5 liang), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 1 liang), Natrii Sulfas (Puxiao), Rheomi Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang), Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (Gouteng, each 6 zhu).
Preparation and Administration: The above ten herbs are chopped. Boil in three sheng of water. First boil Mahuang, remove the foam on the surface, then add the remaining herbs. Decoct until one sheng remains. For infants aged 30 to 60 days, administer 2 he per dose. For those aged 60 to 100 days, administer 2.5 he per dose. For those aged 100 to 200 days, administer 3 he per dose. (*Shanghan Zhengzhi* also uses this formula for febrile diseases.)
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Jieji San (Exterior-Resolving Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with headache, dry mouth, high body fever, and mental restlessness.
Herbs: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 3 qian, roots and nodes removed), Puerariae Radix (Gegen, crushed), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water and five cun of white part of scallion (Congbai) until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain. Administer warm at any time, adjusting the dose according to the child's age and size. Cure is indicated by sweating.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Yinchen San (Artemisiae Scopariae Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with mental vexation, high fever, dry mouth, and excessive thirst.
Herbs: Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, roots and nodes removed), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Puerariae Radix (Gegen, crushed, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain. Administer warm at any time, adjusting the dose up or down according to the child's age and size. Efficacy is indicated by sweating.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Shigao San (Gypsum Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with vexatious heat and palpitations due to fright.
Herbs: Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, finely ground), Rheomi Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, crushed, slightly stir-baked), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 0.5 liang), Isatidis Folium (Daqing), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Polygonati Rhi-zoma (Weirui), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Puerariae Radix (Gegen, crushed), Gentianae Radix (Longdan, roots removed, each 1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain. Administer warm at any time, adjusting the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Wulan San (Isatis Root Powder) for pediatric heat disorders presenting with headache, mental irritability, and yellow eyes.
Herbs: Isatidis Radix et Folium (Wulan), Isatidis Folium (Daqing), Phragmitis Rhizoma (Lugen, crushed), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, finely ground, each 1 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mendong, core removed, baked), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, each 3 qian), Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchen), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve coarsely into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain. Administer at any time, adjusting the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Xijiao San (Rhinoceros Horn Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with unresolved vexatious heat, constipation of the large and small intestines, and chest stuffiness with mental confusion.
Herbs: Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao xie), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren), Lycii Cortex (Digupi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 0.5 liang), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mendong, core removed), Rheomi Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, crushed, slightly stir-baked, each 3 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain. Administer warm at any time, adjusting the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with mental mania and restlessness, body heat like fire, headache with vexatious thirst, and insomnia.
Herbs: Margarita (Zhenzhu, powdered), Natrii Sulfas (Mayaxiao), Longi Os (Longchi), Arsenici Trioxidum (Hanshuishi), Tainyin Yuanjingshi (each 1 fen), Plumbi Subcarbonas (Qianshuang), Cinnabar (Zhusha, each 0.5 liang), Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang), Moschus (Shexiang, each 0.5 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind all ingredients together into a fine powder. At any time, mix half a qian with fresh well-water and administer. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Ziqin San (Scutellaria Baicalensis Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with high skin fever.
Herbs: Scutellariae Radix (Ziqin), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren), Isatidis Folium (Daqing), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve finely into a powder. At any time, mix half a qian with fresh well-water and administer. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes Niuhuang San (Bovis Calculus Powder) for pediatric febrile disease presenting with high fever and chest oppression.
Herbs: Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang, 0.5 fen), Cinnabar (Zhusha, both finely ground), Poria (Fushen), Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen, crushed), Sophorae Flavescentis Radix (Kushen, crushed), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve finely into a powder, incorporating the ground ingredients and mixing evenly. At any time, mix half a qian with fresh well-water and administer. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
Another prescription from the *Taiping Shenghui Fang*:
Herbs: Picrorhizae Rhizoma (Huhuanglian), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren), Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang, finely ground), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried slightly red, crushed, each 0.5 liang), Scutellariae Radix (Ziqin, 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve finely into a powder, incorporating the ground Niuhuang and mixing evenly. At any time, mix half a qian with honey-water and administer. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes a formula for pediatric febrile disease presenting with vexatious thirst, headache, and unremitting high fever.
Herbs: Rehmanniae Radix Fresh (Shengdihuang, juice, 3 he).
Preparation and Administration: Mix with half a he of raw honey evenly. Administer one he occasionally. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes a formula for pediatric febrile disease with vexatious thirst.
Preparation and Administration: Take powder of Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen). At any time, mix half a qian with breast milk and administer. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
The *Taiping Shenghui Fang* prescribes a formula for pediatric febrile disease presenting with abdominal distension and obstruction of the large intestine.
Preparation and Administration: Take half a liang of Pharbitidis Semen (Qianniuzi), slightly stir-bake, pound, and sieve finely into a powder. Each time, mix half a qian with Tangerine Peel Decoction (Chenpi Tang) and administer. Mild laxation indicates efficacy. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
Zhang Huan's Shigao San (Gypsum Powder) for treating febrile disease:
Herbs: Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Poria (Baifuling), dried Puerariae Radix (Gan Gegen, each 1 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, fried), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one small cup of water, adding a little Bamboo Leaf (Zhuye) and Mint (Bohe). Decoct until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain and administer warm.
Zhang Huan's Dihuang San (Rehmannia Powder):
Herbs: Dried Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Gan Dihuang, 1 liang), Ziziphus Jujuba Leaf (Zaoye, one handful, washed, baked dry), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi Ren), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Aged Tangerine Peel (Chen Jupi, soaked in water, peel removed, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with 0.8 cup of water, adding a little white part of scallion (Congbai), salt, and Fermented Soybean (Chi). Decoct until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain and administer warm.
Zhang Huan's Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) for pediatric febrile disease with dry mouth, mental restlessness:
Herbs: Margarita (Zhenzhu, powdered), Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang), Borax (Longnao, each 1 qian, both finely ground), Trichosanthis Radix (Gua Gen), Poria (Fushen), Cinnabar (Zhusha, ground, water-washed, each 0.5 liang), Natrii Sulfas (Mayaxiao), Arsenici Trioxidum (Hanshuishi, both ground into fine powder, each 1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Mix all ingredients evenly. Take half a qian per dose, mixed with honey-water and administered. Adjust the dose according to the child's age and size.
Zhang Huan's Xijiao Yinzi (Rhinoceros Horn Drink):
Herbs: Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao xie), Rheomi Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, processed, finely chopped), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma, each 1 liang), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Ginseng Radix (Renshen, roots removed), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, fried, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pound the herbs and sieve into a fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water, adding three slices of Bamboo Leaf (Zhuye). Decoct until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain and administer warm.
Zhang Huan's Digupi San (Lycii Cortex Powder):
Herbs: Lycii Cortex (Digupi, washed, baked dry), Rheomi Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, slightly processed), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, each 1 liang), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Mendong, core removed), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, fried, each 0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with 0.8 cup of water, adding a little Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie). Decoct until the volume reduces to 0.5 cup. Strain and administer warm.