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The symptoms of vomiting in infants are numerous and difficult to enumerate comprehensively. They can generally be categorized into cold vomiting, heat vomiting, accumulation vomiting, and milk-injury vomiting. Zhu Fengyi advocated using Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome) and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) as the main herbs; there are also cases where food stagnation occurs in the Heart and Lungs, causing pathogenic factors and food to fail to descend and instead regurgitate upwards.

○ Cold Vomiting: Undigested milk appears in flakes, with frequent vomiting but small volume expelled. The pulse is deep and minute. The complexion is pale, eyes are sluggish, breath is weak, consciousness is dull, and sweat appears on the forehead. This is caused by Wind-Cold invading the Stomach, consumption of raw/cold foods, or damage from retained old milk, leading to Stomach Qi deficiency and inability to retain food, resulting in regurgitation. Treatment should warm the Stomach, dispel Wind-Cold, and eliminate retained cold. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) or Dingtu Yin (Stabilize Vomiting Drink) may be used. If these remedies are ineffective, Shenxiang Yin (Ginseng and Aromatic Drink) should be employed.

○ Heat Vomiting: The face is red, lips are crimson, vomiting episodes are infrequent but volume per episode is large. Milk has been digested and appears yellowish. The body is intensely hot throughout. This may result from Summer-Heat retaining in the Stomach or consuming hot-natured foods, leading to mental restlessness and irritability. This presents as Heat Vomiting. Treatment involves using Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) without Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), along with Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Drink).

○ Accumulation Vomiting: Eyelids are puffy, complexion is slightly sallow, feet are cold while the abdomen is hot. Symptoms are lighter during the day and heavier at night. In older children, the pulse is deep and slow. This is due to retained cold stagnating in the Spleen, causing vomiting of sour yellow fluid or clear phlegm. A solid and slippery pulse indicates injury from food accumulation, with vomitus containing gas or retained food mixed together. In infants, it manifests as undigested milk. The primary treatment is Wuxi San (Black Rhinoceros Horn Powder).

○ Milk-Injury Vomiting: Vomiting occurs immediately after feeding or after a short pause. This is due to unregulated breastfeeding frequency and weak Spleen Qi failing to transform and transport, leading to this condition. It is akin to a small vessel overflowing when full; therefore, breastfeeding should be regulated, and Sanleng San (Burreed Powder) administered.

○ The origins of diarrhea include Cold Diarrhea, Heat Diarrhea, Food-Injury Diarrhea, and Summer-Heat Diarrhea, among others, which differ significantly and are detailed below:

○ Cold Diarrhea: Cold Qi attacks the abdomen causing stabbing pain. Stools are watery, abdominal borborygmi (rumbling) are audible like thunder, and even rice water cannot be retained. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) is indicated. For cases with cold extremities indicating extreme cold, Fuzi (Aconite Root) and Guigui (Cassia Bark) may be added.

○ Heat Diarrhea: Stools are reddish-yellow, the anus feels scorched and painful, urination is difficult, there is mental vexation, dry mouth, and the infant feeds roughly/aggressively. Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) should be taken with Xianglian Wan (Elsholtzia and Coptis Pill).

○ Food-Injury Diarrhea: Caused by excessive diet damaging Spleen Qi, resulting in diarrhea. Stools are loose/unformed and smell foul like rotting eggs. Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) with half a qian of Sha Ren (Amomum Fruit) is suitable, or Jizhi Wan (Accumulation Resolving Pill) may be given. If diarrhea results from injury by wheat/gluten (Mian), Yangwei Tang (Nourish Stomach Decoction) with half a qian of stir-fried and ground Luobo Zi (Radish Seed) is appropriate. Add Muxiang (Aucklandia Root), three fen, for pain. For severe diarrhea, remove Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb) and add Pa Jiang (Prepared Ginger), three fen.

Summer-Heat Diarrhea: Caused by contracting Summer-Heat. Weiling Tang (Stomach Regulating Decoction) or Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) with a small amount of Cheqianzi powder (Plantago Seed) is highly effective. Liuhé Tang (Six-Harmony Decoction) is also good.