麻黄汤 治太阳证头疼发热，身痛恶风，无汗喘满，脉浮紧，八九日不解，当发汗，
汗已，烦闷瞑目者，必衄，衄乃解，所以然者，阳气重故也。
甘草（半两） 麻黄（去节，一两半） 桂枝（一两） 杏仁（去皮，三十五个）
上每服三钱，水煎。
三拗汤 治感冒风邪，鼻塞声重，语音不出，或伤风头疼目眩，四肢拘倦，咳嗽多
痰，胸满气短。
麻黄（不去节） 杏仁（不去皮尖） 甘草（生用）
上各等分，锉散。每服三钱，水一盏，生姜三片，煎至六分，去滓温服，取汗
为度。一方，加荆芥、桔梗。嗽甚，加五味子、细辛各减半。又方，麻黄去节，
杏仁去皮尖，甘草炙，名三和汤，治喘嗽尤妙。加减在乎活法，有热加前胡。伤
风加荆芥。有痰加半夏。
加减三拗汤
麻黄（去根节，三钱，水煮去沫，焙干） 桂枝（二钱） 杏仁（七个，去皮尖，炒黄，另研如膏） 甘草（炙，
一钱）
上为粗末，入杏膏拌匀。每服一钱，水六分，煎至四分，去滓，温服无时，以
汗出为度，量大小加减。若自汗者，不宜服之。
五拗汤 治感风湿及形寒饮冷，痰嗽咳逆，连声不已。
麻黄（不去根节） 杏仁（不去皮尖） 荆芥（不去梗） 桔梗（蜜水拌，炒。各五钱） 甘草（二钱半）
上每服二钱，水一盏，煎七分，无时温服。
百部丸 治小儿肺寒壅嗽，微喘有痰。
百部（炒） 麻黄（去节。各三两） 杏仁（四十枚，去皮尖，微炒，研入）
上为末，煮熟枣子，丸如皂子大。温水下二三丸，无时，日三四服。此本方也，
仲景加松子仁五十个，蜜丸，更加胡桃肉，含化大妙。一方加甘草二钱。
九宝饮 治小儿嗽，是肺脏感寒，须表散，却服嗽药。
麻黄（去节） 薄荷 大腹皮 紫苏（各半两） 陈皮 杏仁（去皮尖） 桑白皮（炙） 肉桂 枳壳
（各二钱半） 甘草（一钱半）
上锉散。每服二钱，生姜、乌梅煎服。冷证，去薄荷。热证，去陈皮、桂。
华盖散 治肺感寒邪，咳嗽上气，胸膈烦闷，项背拘急，声重鼻塞，头目昏眩，痰气不利。
麻黄（去节） 紫苏子（隔纸炒） 桑白皮（蜜炙） 杏仁（去皮尖，炒） 赤茯苓（去皮） 陈橘皮（去白。各
半两） 甘草（炙，二钱）
上锉散。每服二钱，水半盏，煎至三分，去滓，量大小加减，食后温服。
金沸草散 治伤风化痰，头目昏痛，颈项强急，往来寒热，肢体烦疼，胸膈满，痰
涎不利，咳嗽喘满，涕唾稠粘，及治时行寒疫，壮热恶风。
荆芥（四两） 前胡（去芦） 麻黄（去节） 旋复花（各三两） 甘草（炙） 半夏（汤洗七次，姜汁浸） 赤
芍药（各一两）
上锉散。每服二钱，水一盏，生姜三片，枣一枚，同煎六分，去滓温服，不拘
时。有寒邪则汗出嗽甚，加杏仁、五味子。
麦煎散 治小儿夹惊伤寒，吐逆壮热，表里不解，气粗喘急，面赤自汗，或狂语惊
叫，或不语无汗，及瘾疹遍身赤痒，往来潮热，时行麻痘疹子，余毒未尽，浑身
浮肿，痰涎咳嗽，或变急慢惊风，手足搐搦，眼目上视，及伤风头疼，并治之。
滑石 地骨皮 赤芍药 石膏 白茯苓 杏仁 知母 甘草 葶苈子（炒） 人参（各半两） 麻黄（去节，一两
半）
上为末。每服一钱，麦子煎汤调下。如初生牙儿感冒风冷，鼻塞身热，喷嚏多
啼，每一字，用麦子煎汤调下。一方，去地骨皮、滑石，加羌活、川芎、薄荷煎汤调下。
小青龙汤 治伤寒表不解，恶寒体热，水停心下，干呕发热而嗽，或渴或利，小便不利，或噎，小腹满喘。
麻黄（去节，微利者去麻黄、加荛花如弹子大炒令赤色，若噎者去麻黄、加附子半钱炮，若小便不利者加茯苓
一两，若喘者去麻黄、加杏仁去皮尖） 赤芍药 半夏（泡，若渴者、去半夏加栝蒌根） 细辛 干姜（炮）
肉桂（去粗皮） 甘草（各七钱半） 五味子（半两）
上锉散。每服三钱，水一盏，煎七分，去滓，加减服。
清肺饮 治肺受风邪客热，嗽声不断，气促喘闷，痰壅鼻塞，流涕失音。及解时行
疹毒豆疮，涎多咳嗽，咽痛烦渴。
柴胡（净洗，二两） 人参（去芦，半两） 杏仁（汤泡，去皮尖） 桔梗（锉，炒） 赤芍药 荆芥 枳壳
（去穣，麸炒微黄） 桑白皮（锉，炒） 北五味子 麻黄（去节，汤泡滤过，锉，焙） 半夏（汤煮透，滤，仍锉，
焙干。各一两） 旋复花（五钱） 甘草（一两半）
上锉。每服二钱，水一盏，姜二片，葱一根，煎七分，无时温服。或入薄荷同煎。
解表散 主伤风感冷，咳嗽痰喘，呕吐泻利，惊悸，有热证在表里，并宜可投。
麻黄（制法同上） 杏仁（汤泡，去皮尖） 赤茯苓（去皮。各一两） 川芎 防风（去芦） 枳壳（制法同上。
各一两半） 甘草（半生半炙，七钱半）
上锉。每二钱，水一盏，姜二片，葱白一茎，煎七分，温服无时。有热，入薄荷同煎。
和解汤 治小儿四时感冒寒邪，壮热烦躁，鼻塞多涕，惊悸自汗，肢体疼痛。及疮
疹已发未发，皆可服。
羌活 防风 人参 川芎（各一两） 干葛 升麻 甘草 芍药（各半两）
上锉散。每服三钱，姜枣煎服。加荆芥。无汗，加麻黄，咳嗽者，加杏仁、五味子、桔梗。
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction): Treats headache, fever, body pain, aversion to wind, absence of sweating, and wheezing with chest fullness caused by Taiyang disease (disease pattern resulting from pathogenic invasion of the Taiyang channel). The pulse is floating and tight. If the condition persists for eight or nine days without resolution, diaphoresis (inducing sweating) should be employed. After sweating, if the patient experiences restlessness and drowsiness with closed eyes, epistaxis (nosebleed) will inevitably occur, and the condition will resolve upon bleeding. This occurs because of excessive accumulation of Yang Qi.
Ingredients: Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, 1.5 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang), Xingren (Apricot Seed, peeled, 35 pieces).
Administration: Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in water.
San'ao Tang (Three Unyielding Decoction): Treats colds due to Wind-evil invasion, presenting with nasal congestion, heavy voice, inability to speak, or headache, vertigo, limb stiffness and fatigue, cough with profuse phlegm, chest fullness, and shortness of breath caused by Wind-cold injury.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, stems not removed), Xingren (Apricot Seed, skin and tips not removed), Gancao (Licorice Root, raw).
Administration: Equal parts of the above ingredients, crushed into a powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water and three slices of fresh ginger until reduced to 60% volume, strain, and take warm. Stop when sweating occurs. An alternative formula adds Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix). For severe cough, add Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), each at half the standard dose. Another variation, where Mahuang stems are removed, Xingren skins and tips are removed, and Gancao is honey-fried, is named Sanhe Tang (Harmony Decoction), which is particularly effective for wheezing and cough. Modifications depend on flexible application: add Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) for heat; add Jingjie for Wind-cold; add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) for phlegm.
Jiajian San'ao Tang (Modified Three Unyielding Decoction):
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and stems removed, 3 qian, boiled to remove foam, dried), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig, 2 qian), Xingren (Apricot Seed, 7 pieces, peeled, tips removed, fried yellow, ground separately into paste), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 1 qian).
Administration: Grind into coarse powder, mix well with the apricot paste. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct with 0.6 cups of water until reduced to 0.4 cups, strain, and take warm at any time. Stop when sweating occurs. Adjust dosage according to age and size. Not suitable for patients with spontaneous sweating.
Wu'ao Tang (Five Unyielding Decoction): Treats cough with phlegm and reverse flow of Qi due to invasion of Wind-Dampness, exposure to cold, and consumption of cold drinks, characterized by continuous coughing fits.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and stems not removed), Xingren (Apricot Seed, skin and tips not removed), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba, stems not removed), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, mixed with honey water and fried, 5 qian each), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2.5 qian).
Administration: Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 70%, and take warm at any time.
Baibu Wan (Stemona Pill): Treats pediatric lung-cold obstruction causing cough, mild wheezing, and phlegm.
Ingredients: Baibu (Stemonae Radix, fried), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, 3 liang each), Xingren (Apricot Seed, 40 pieces, peeled, tips removed, lightly fried, ground and incorporated).
Administration: Grind into powder. Use cooked jujube flesh to form pills the size of soap beans. Take 2-3 pills with warm water at any time, 3-4 times daily. This is the original formula. Zhang Zhongjing added 50 Songziren (Pine Seeds) to this formula, formed into honey pills, and adding Hutaorou (Walnut Kernel) for sucking is highly effective. Another variant adds Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 qian).
Jiubao Yin (Nine Treasures Drink): Treats pediatric cough caused by Cold-evil invading the Lungs. It requires exterior-releasing methods rather than merely administering antitussive medicines.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium), Zisu (Perillae Folium, 0.5 liang each), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Xingren (Apricot Seed, peeled and tips removed), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, honey-fried), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, 2.5 qian each), Gancao (Licorice Root, 1.5 qian).
Administration: Crush into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with fresh ginger and dark plum (Wumei). For Cold patterns, remove Bohe. For Heat patterns, remove Chenpi and Rougui.
Huagai San (Canopy Powder): Treats Lungs invaded by Cold-evil, presenting with cough, upward rushing of Qi, chest and diaphragm oppression, stiffness and tension in the neck and back, heavy voice, nasal congestion, dizziness, and obstructed Qi and phlegm.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Zisuzi (Perillae Fructus, fried between papers), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, honey-fried), Xingren (Apricot Seed, peeled, tips removed, fried), Chifuling (Poria with Red Coir, peeled), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, pith removed, 0.5 liang each), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 2 qian).
Administration: Crush into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with half a cup of water until reduced to 30%, strain, adjust dosage according to age/size, and take warm after meals.
Jinfeicao San (Golden Whorlflower Powder): Treats Wind-cold with phlegm transformation, dizziness and headache, stiff and tense neck, alternating chills and fever, limb pain, chest fullness, difficult expectoration, cough with wheezing, thick sticky sputum and saliva. Also treats epidemic Cold-Yi, high fever, and aversion to wind.
Ingredients: Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba, 4 liang), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, de-rhizome), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 3 liang each), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in hot water, soaked in ginger juice), Chishao (Red Peony Root, 1 liang each).
Administration: Crush into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water, three slices of fresh ginger, and one jujube until reduced to 60%, strain, and take warm at any time. If Cold-evil causes sweating and severe cough, add Xingren and Wuweizi.
Maijian San (Wheat Decoction Powder): Treats pediatric Shānghán (Cold Damage) complicated with fright, presenting with vomiting, high fever, unresolved exterior and interior pathogens, rough breathing, acute wheezing, red face with spontaneous sweating, delirium, screaming, or silence without sweating. Also treats generalized urticaria with redness and itching, tidal fever, epidemic measles/varicella, residual toxins, generalized edema, phlegm-cough, or transformation into acute/chronic convulsions with limb spasms and upward deviation of eyes. Also treats Wind-cold headache.
Ingredients: Huashi (Talcum), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Chishao (Red Peony Root), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), BaiFuling (Poria, 0.5 liang each), Xingren (Apricot Seed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Root), Tinglizi (Lepidii Semen, fried), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, 1.5 liang).
Administration: Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with wheat decoction. For newborns with Wind-cold invasion presenting with nasal congestion, fever, frequent sneezing and crying, use a smaller dose ("one character" weight) mixed with wheat decoction. Another variant removes Digupi and Huashi, adding Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), and Bohe, decocted and taken as a suspension.
Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction): Treats Shānghán where the exterior is unresolved, presenting with aversion to cold, internal heat, fluid retention in the heart region, dry heaving, fever, and cough. Also treats thirst or diarrhea, dysuria, globus hystericus, lower abdominal fullness, and wheezing.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed; if loose stools, remove Mahuang and add Raohua (Kadsurae Caulis) the size of a bullet, fried until red; if globus, remove Mahuang and add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 0.5 qian, processed); if dysuria, add Fuling (Poria, 1 liang); if wheezing, remove Mahuang and add Xingren (peeled and tips removed)), Chishao (Red Peony Root), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed; if thirsty, remove Banxia and add Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, de-bark), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.75 liang each), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 liang).
Administration: Crush into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 70%, strain, and administer according to modifications.
Qingfei Yin (Lung-Clearing Drink): Treats Lungs invaded by Wind-evil and guest-heat, presenting with incessant cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, phlegm obstruction, nasal congestion, runny nose, and loss of voice. Also resolves epidemic rash/toxin from smallpox/measles, excessive salivation with cough, sore throat, and irritability with thirst.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, cleaned, 2 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, de-rhizome, 0.5 liang), Xingren (Apricot Seed, soaked in hot water, peeled and tips removed), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, crushed, fried), Chishao (Red Peony Root), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, de-pith, bran-fried until slightly yellow), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, fried), Bei Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed, soaked in hot water, filtered, crushed, dried), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, boiled thoroughly, filtered, crushed, dried, 1 liang each), Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 5 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root, 1.5 liang).
Administration: Crush. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water, two slices of ginger, and one stalk of scallion until reduced to 70%, and take warm at any time. Alternatively, add Bohe and decoct together.
Jiebiao San (Exterior-Releasing Powder): Mainly treats Wind-cold invasion, cough with phlegm and wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, palpitations, and Heat patterns in both exterior and interior. Suitable for all such conditions.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, prepared as above), Xingren (Apricot Seed, soaked in hot water, peeled and tips removed), Chifuling (Poria with Red Coir, peeled, 1 liang each), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, de-rhizome), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, prepared as above, 1.5 liang each), Gancao (Licorice Root, half raw half honey-fried, 0.75 liang).
Administration: Crush. Take 2 qian, decoct with one cup of water, two slices of ginger, and one stalk of white scallion until reduced to 70%, and take warm at any time. For Heat, add Bohe and decoct together.
Hejie Tang (Harmonizing Decoction): Treats pediatric Cold-evil invasion during all four seasons, presenting with high fever, irritability, nasal congestion with excessive discharge, palpitations, spontaneous sweating, and limb pain. Also suitable for rashes whether erupted or unerupted.
Ingredients: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 1 liang each), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 0.5 liang each).
Administration: Crush into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with ginger and jujube. Add Jingjie. For absence of sweating, add Mahuang. For cough, add Xingren, Wuweizi, and Jiegeng.