《全婴》论云∶夫吐血者，荣卫气逆也，荣者血也，卫者气也，荣卫相济，不失
常道，一有所胜，则致妄行。血者水也，决之东则东流，决之西则西流，气之使血，
其势如此。巢氏云∶血者是有热气盛而血虚，热乘于血，血性得热则流散妄行，气
逆则血随气上，故令吐血也。又或饮食太饱之后，脾胃内冷，不能消化，忽吐所食
之物，气血相冲，因伤肺胃，亦令吐血。若久嗽气逆，面目浮肿而嗽吐血者，是虚
损也。〔薛〕清者为荣，浊者为卫，荣行脉中，卫行脉外，盖荣者，水谷之精气也，
和调于五脏，洒陈于六腑，故能入于脉。夫荣者，阴血也，所主在心，统化在脾，
藏内在肝，宣布在肺，输泄在肾，灌溉一身，滋养百脉，诸经由此而生毓焉。然血
之所统者气也，故曰气主 之，血主濡之，是以气行则血行，气止则血止，阳生阴
长，夫倡妇随之道也。若气一伤，则变证百出，故妄行则吐衄，衰涸则虚劳，降下
则便红，热陷则溺赤，渗于肠胃则为肠风，阴虚阳搏则为崩漏，此皆气有殄戾之乖，
而血乃生渗溢之患也。然养阴者可不先知养阳之道乎。小儿患之多因禀赋积热，或
食膏粱浓味，或乳母七情郁火所致。治法，若气虚血弱，当以人参补之，阳旺则阴
生血也。若四物汤者，独能主血分受伤，为气不虚也。若左寸关脉数而无力，血虚
也，四物汤加参术。浮而无力，气虚也，补中益气汤。尺脉数或无力，肾虚也，六
味地黄丸。右寸关脉数而有力者，肺胃热也，犀角地黄汤，后用四物汤加参苓白术。
尺脉数而无力，阴虚也，用六味地黄丸。若面黄目涩，眵多手麻者，脾肺虚也，用黄 芍药汤。
四物汤 治血虚发热烦躁，或晡热作渴，头目不清。若因脾虚不能生血者，用四君
子汤。
当归 熟地黄（各二钱） 芍药 川芎（各一钱）
上，水煎服。
补中益气汤（虚热） 六味地黄丸（肾）
犀角地黄汤 治伤寒温病，失于表汗，致内有瘀血，吐血面色黄，大便黑，及疮痘
出多，以此解之。
犀角（镑） 牡丹皮（各一两） 生地黄（八钱） 赤芍药（七钱）
上，每服二钱，水煎服。
黄 芍药汤 治衄多岁，面黄眼涩，多眵手麻。
黄 （三两） 甘草（炙） 升麻 葛根 芍药（炒黄。各一两） 羌活（半两）
上，每服三钱，水煎服。按∶此手足太阴、阳明药也，然血虚久，则阳亦虚
矣，故血不足则麻木，阴虚火动，变证百出，实非风也，此出升阳滋阴例。
人参黄 散 治虚劳客热，消瘦倦怠，口燥咽干，日晡潮热，五心烦热，盗汗胸满，
食少作渴，咳唾、时有脓血。
天门冬（去心，三两） 半夏 知母（炒黄） 桑白皮 赤芍药（炒） 黄 （炒） 紫菀
甘草（炙） 鳖甲（醋炙。以上各半两） 白茯苓 柴胡 秦艽 生地黄 熟地黄 地骨皮（各二两）
人参 桔梗（各一两）
上锉散。每服三五钱，水煎服。大人亦得。（一方，有生姜）
柏枝饮 治小儿衄血吐血。
柏枝（干者） 藕节（干者）
上等分为末。三岁半钱，藕汁入蜜，沸汤调下。一方，白芍药为末，磨犀角汁
调，治咯血、衄血。
辰胶散 治小儿吐血。
阿胶（炒） 蛤粉（等分） 辰砂（少许）
上为末，和粉红色。三岁一钱，藕汁和蜜调下。
紫参散 治吐血。
紫参 山栀子 生干地黄（各一两） 刺蓟（一分，烧灰） 乱发（一分，烧灰、俱存性。
以上捣罗为细末，
次用） 蒲黄 伏龙肝（各一分，并细研）
上件，都拌匀。每服半钱至一钱，煎竹茹汤调下。
According to the *Quan Ying* text: The condition of hematemesis (vomiting blood) is caused by the rebellion of Ying and Wei Qi. Ying refers to Blood, and Wei refers to Qi. When Ying and Wei coordinate with each other without deviating from the normal path, if one becomes excessive, it leads to reckless movement of Blood. Blood is like water; if a dike is broken to the east, it flows east; if broken to the west, it flows west. The manner in which Qi directs Blood is precisely like this. Chao Yuanfang stated: Hemorrhagic conditions arise when internal Heat is excessive while Blood is deficient. Heat invades the Blood, and since Blood nature tends to flow and scatter when heated, it moves recklessly. When Qi rebels, Blood follows Qi upward, thus causing hematemesis. Alternatively, after overeating, the Spleen and Stomach become internally cold and fail to digest food. Suddenly vomiting the ingested food causes Qi and Blood to clash, thereby damaging the Lung and Stomach, also leading to hematemesis. If chronic coughing leads to Qi rebellion, accompanied by facial and ocular edema and coughing up blood, this is a deficiency-consumption disease. Xue Ji believed: The clear and light part is Ying, and the turbid and heavy part is Wei. Ying circulates within the vessels, while Wei circulates outside the vessels. Generally, Ying Qi is the essence of grain and water, harmonized in the Five Zang organs and distributed to the Six Fu organs, thus entering the vessels. Ying is Yin Blood, governed by the Heart, transformed and controlled by the Spleen, stored internally by the Liver, announced and distributed by the Lung, and excreted by the Kidney. It irrigates the whole body and nourishes all vessels, allowing all meridians to grow and be nurtured through it. However, what controls Blood is Qi; hence it is said that "Qi acts as the commander of Blood, and Blood acts as the nourisher of Qi." Therefore, where Qi moves, Blood moves; where Qi stops, Blood stops. This follows the principle of Yang generating Yin and the husband singing while the wife follows. If Qi is injured, myriad pathological changes emerge. Thus, reckless movement causes hematemesis and epistaxis; depletion causes deficiency consumptive disease; sinking downward causes hematochezia; heat sinking causes dark urine; seeping into the intestines and stomach causes intestinal wind; Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity causes metrorrhagia and metrostaxis. All these are due to Qi's deviation and aberration, causing Blood to leak and overflow. Can those who nourish Yin not first understand the way to nourish Yang? Children often suffer from this due to congenital accumulation of Heat, or consumption of rich and greasy foods, or fire generated from emotional stagnation in the wet nurse. Treatment methods: If Qi is deficient and Blood is weak, Ren Shen should be used to tonify; when Yang is vigorous, Yin and Blood will generate. Si Wu Tang specifically treats injuries to the Blood aspect when Qi is not deficient. If the pulse at the left Cun and Guan positions is rapid and forceless, it indicates Blood deficiency; use Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen and Bai Zhu. If the pulse is floating and forceless, it indicates Qi deficiency; use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. If the Chi pulse is rapid or forceless, it indicates Kidney deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. If the right Cun and Guan pulses are rapid and forceful, it indicates Heat in the Lung and Stomach; use Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang, followed by Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen, Fu Ling, and Bai Zhu. If the Chi pulse is rapid and forceless, it indicates Yin deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. If the complexion is yellow, eyes are dry, there is excessive eye discharge, and hands feel numb, it indicates Spleen and Lung deficiency; use Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang.
Si Wu Tang: Treats fever and irritability due to Blood deficiency, or evening fever with thirst, and unclear head and eyes. If caused by Spleen deficiency failing to generate Blood, use Si Jun Zi Tang.
Dang Gui, Shu Di Huang (each 2 qian), Shao Yao, Chuan Xiong (each 1 qian).
Decoct with water and take orally.
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (for deficiency heat), Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (for Kidney deficiency).
Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang: Treats Shang Han and Wen Bing where failure to induce sweating leads to internal Blood stasis, resulting in hematemesis with yellowish complexion, black stools, and excessive eruption of sores or pox, using this formula to resolve them.
Xi Jiao (sliced), Mu Dan Pi (each 1 liang), Sheng Di Huang (8 qian), Chi Shao Yao (7 qian).
Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally.
Huang Qi Shao Yao Tang: Treats chronic epistaxis, yellow complexion, dry eyes, excessive eye discharge, and hand numbness.
Huang Qi (3 liang), Gan Cao (honey-fried), Sheng Ma, Ge Gen, Shao Yao (stir-fried until slightly yellow, each 1 liang), Qiang Huo (0.5 liang).
Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally. Note: This is a formula for the Hand-Taiyin, Hand-Yangming, Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians. However, long-term Blood deficiency leads to Yang deficiency as well. Thus, insufficient Blood causes numbness, and Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity leads to myriad changes; this is actually not Wind, but follows the example of raising Yang and nourishing Yin.
Ren Shen Huang Qi San: Treats deficiency consumptive disease with guest-heat, emaciation and fatigue, dry mouth and throat, afternoon tidal fever, five-palm heat, night sweats with chest fullness, poor appetite with thirst, coughing with sputum containing pus and blood.
Tian Men Dong (heart removed, 3 liang), Ban Xia, Zhi Mu (stir-fried until slightly yellow), Sang Bai Pi, Chi Shao Yao (stir-fried), Huang Qi (stir-fried), Zi Wan, Gan Cao (honey-fried), Bie Jia (vinegar-fried, each 0.5 liang), Bai Fu Ling, Chai Hu, Qin Jiao, Sheng Di Huang, Shu Di Huang, Di Gu Pi (each 2 liang), Ren Shen, Jie Geng (each 1 liang).
Grind into a powder. Take 3-5 qian per dose, decoct with water and take orally. Adults may also take it. (Another prescription adds Sheng Jiang).
Bai Zhi Yin: Treats pediatric epistaxis and hematemesis.
Bai Zhi (dried), Ou Jie (dried).
Grind equally into powder. For three-year-olds, take half a qian, mix with Ou Zhi (lotus root juice) and honey, and take with boiling water. Another prescription uses Bai Shao Yao powder mixed with Xi Jiao juice to treat hemoptysis and epistaxis.
Chen Jiao San: Treats pediatric hematemesis.
E Jiao (stir-fried), Ge Fen (equal parts), Chen Sha (a small amount).
Grind into powder and mix to form a pink color. For three-year-olds, take 1 qian, mix with Ou Zhi and honey, and take orally.
Zi Can San: Treats hematemesis.
Zi Can, Shan Zhi Zi, Sheng Gan Di Huang (each 1 liang), Ci Ji (1 fen, burned to ash), Luan Fa (1 fen, burned to ash, retaining substance properties, both ground finely above, prepared separately), Pu Huang, Fu Long Gan (each 1 fen, finely ground).
Mix all ingredients evenly. Take 0.5 to 1 qian per dose, take with Zhu Ru Tang (Bamboo Shavings Decoction).