吴又可曰∶时疫有始终能食者,邪不传胃也,慎勿绝其饮食,此不呕者也。愚尝见时疫初起未发热时,表证未
见,有先作呕数日者,此疫邪先犯太阴。当辨其口气,无臭气而不粘者,属太阴寒证;有臭气粘浓者,属太阴疫
证。此为先里而后表,不可遽用清凉,闭遏邪气,致使不能透达传化。虽四肢有时厥逆,脉有时沉伏,亦不可用温
热,致增呕证。甚有舌紫昏沉者,惟当宣其胃气,藿香正气散最宜。若已发热而呕者,吴氏达原饮加半夏。兼三阳
表证加羌活、葛根、柴胡。若呕而烦渴,身热而不恶寒者,邪在阳明也,白虎汤、黄芩汤、并加半夏。若呕而舌
黄,胸中有满痛处,桔皮半夏汤加枳实、山楂、麦芽、川贝。贝母力缓,用至五钱或一两,乃能舒郁散结。若呕而
舌黄,心下脐上有满痛拒按者,大柴胡汤。若呕而舌黄或黑,少腹有满痛拒按,当视其前后何部不利。大便不利调
胃承气汤;小便不利四苓加木通,或益元散,利之则愈。寒热已解,二便通利,胸腹无滞而呕不止者,余热在胃
也,竹叶石膏汤。屡经清、下,呕不止而舌无苔,多汗、心悸、萎倦者,中气伤也,大半夏汤或六君子汤加白蔻。
屡经清、下,倦怠异常,四肢渐冷者,乃清下太过而中寒
也,理中汤甚至加附子。然此为治药之法,非治疫之法也,宜详察之
Wu Youke stated: In the context of seasonal epidemics (Shi Yi), there are cases where patients can eat from onset to recovery; this indicates that the pathogenic factor has not transmitted to the Stomach. One must not restrict their diet, as these cases typically do not involve vomiting. I have observed that in the early stage of a seasonal epidemic, before fever appears and when exterior symptoms are absent, some patients experience vomiting for several days first. This occurs because the epidemic pathogen initially attacks the Taiyin channel. One should distinguish based on breath odor: if the breath is odorous but not sticky or turbid, it belongs to a Taiyin Cold pattern; if there is a foul odor accompanied by sticky and thick saliva/breath, it belongs to a Taiyin Epidemic pattern. This represents a condition where the interior is affected first, followed by the exterior. One must not hastily use cooling medications, which would suppress the pathogen and prevent its penetration and transformation. Although there may be instances of cold limbs (Jue Ni) and deep, hidden pulses, one must not use warming and hot medications, as this would exacerbate the vomiting. In severe cases presenting with a purple tongue and lethargy/coma, the treatment should focus on ventilating the Stomach Qi; Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Patchouli Powder to Rectify the Qi) is most suitable. If fever has already appeared along with vomiting, Wu's Daren Yin (Origin-Removing Decoction) with added Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) should be used. If exterior symptoms of the Three Yang channels are present, add Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). If vomiting is accompanied by irritability and thirst, with body heat but no aversion to cold, the pathogen is in the Yangming channel; Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) or Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) with added Banxia should be used. If vomiting is accompanied by a yellow tongue coating and distending pain in the chest, Jupi Banxia Tang (Tangerine Peel and Pinellia Decoction) with added Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), and Chuanbeimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus) should be used. Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) has a mild action; a dose of five qian or one liang is required to soothe depression and dissipate nodules. If vomiting is accompanied by a yellow tongue coating, and there is distending pain with tenderness upon pressure in the epigastrium and above the umbilicus, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) should be used. If vomiting is accompanied by a yellow or black tongue coating, and there is distending pain with tenderness upon pressure in the lower abdomen, one must examine whether the anterior (urination) or posterior (defecation) orifices are obstructed. If defecation is difficult, Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction) is indicated; if urination is difficult, Siling San (Four-Powder Powder) with Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) or Yiyuan San (Benefit the Origin Powder) should be used; promoting diuresis will lead to recovery. If chills and fever have resolved, bowel and bladder movements are unobstructed, and there is no stagnation in the chest and abdomen, yet vomiting persists, this indicates residual heat remaining in the Stomach; Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) should be used. If after repeated clearing and purging treatments, vomiting persists, the tongue lacks coating, and there is profuse sweating, palpitations, and lassitude, this indicates damage to the Middle Qi; Dabanxia Tang (Major Pinellia Decoction) or Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentlemen Decoction) with added Baicou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) should be used. If after repeated clearing and purging treatments, there is extreme fatigue and gradual coldness of the four limbs, this is due to excessive clearing and purging causing Cold in the Middle Jiao; Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), possibly with added Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), should be used. However, these are methods for treating iatrogenic errors, not the standard method for treating epidemics; careful observation is required.