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Convulsions in infantile convulsive epilepsy (Jing Xian) are often caused by the transmission of the wet nurse's depression and anger to the child, or by pathological changes acquired during fetal development. It may also result from improper breastfeeding or fright after birth. The symptoms commonly include vomiting milk and a bluish complexion. If phlegm and excess pathogens accumulate, high fever and facial redness occur. In such cases, the mother's condition should be treated concurrently, and the child's primordial Qi (Yuan Qi) must never be damaged. To determine the prognosis (Shun/Ni), observe the hand posture: for males, if the thumb is tucked into the index finger, it is a favorable sign (Shun); if extended outward, it is an unfavorable sign (Ni). For females, if the thumb is tucked into the index finger, it is an unfavorable sign (Ni); if extended outward, it is a favorable sign (Shun).

Whenever an infant suddenly experiences convulsions with eyes staring straight ahead, it indicates wind-heat in the Liver channel (Gan Jing). If wind arises due to Liver deficiency, the eyes tremble without convulsions, accompanied by frequent yawning and teeth grinding. If there is excess wind in the Liver channel, the eyes stare straight, the child cries loudly, yawns, has a stiff neck, and sudden chest oppression. If there is heat in the Liver channel, the eyes stare straight without convulsions; however, if Heart heat is involved, convulsions will occur. Symptoms include grasping at clothing collars and aimlessly picking at objects. Treatment should primarily focus on draining Liver heat.

Both new and chronic diseases can stir up internal Liver wind. When wind moves internally, it ascends to the eyes, causing them to tremble. If heat enters the eyes and pulls on the sinews, causing stiffness and inability to rotate the eyes, they stare straight. Another cause is food stagnation in the Middle Jiao (Zhong Jiao), which prevents Clear Yang from ascending and Turbid Yin from descending. This blocks the rising energy of Liver Wood, generating deficient wind. Symptoms include chest fullness, abdominal pain, vomiting, and aversion to food. Mild cases are treated with digestion-promoting and phlegm-resolving methods; severe cases require induced vomiting and purging. One must carefully distinguish whether the ingested food was cold or hot in nature. Additionally, vomiting and diarrhea caused by external contraction can lead to Spleen Earth failure and Kidney Water counter-acting (Water insulting Earth), generating deficient wind. Do not hastily administer anti-convulsant medicines; doing so may exacerbate the wind and worsen the disease.

Zhang Jiegu stated that convulsions caused by wind-cold invasion should be differentiated by the presence or absence of sweating, treating respectively with Da Qing Gao (Great Blue Paste) or Xiao Xu Ming Tang (Minor Continuation of Life Decoction). Xue Ji noted: regarding the aforementioned conditions, if the breath from the mouth is hot and convulsions are forceful, it indicates both form and pathogen are excess (Shi). Use Da Qing Gao to disperse wind pathogens. If the breath is not hot and convulsions are weak, it indicates both form and pathogen are deficient (Xu). Use Yi Gong San (Yi Gong Powder) to tonify Spleen Earth, Liu Wei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) to nourish Liver Wood, and Gou Teng Yin (Uncaria Decoction) to clear Liver fire. If various syndromes arise from wind-pathogen郁热 (depressed heat), regulate the Lung channel and clear wind pathogens. If external pathogens are resolved but symptoms persist, strengthen Spleen Earth and tonify Lung Metal. Treating only the wind may further damage Spleen Qi, causing myriad symptoms to arise.

If convulsions occur after food injury, with warm body temperature, excessive sleepiness, vomiting, or anorexia, first stop the convulsions. After cessation, use Bai Bing Zi (White Pill Cake) to purge, followed by Mi Zhi An Shen Wan (Secret Instruction Calming Spirit Pill). If food stagnation causes vomiting, anorexia, abdominal distension, and constipation, it is an excess-heat syndrome; treat with Bai Bing Zi to purge. If convulsions and heat worsen after purging, along with vomiting and anorexia, it is a deficient-heat syndrome; treat with Yi Gong San to tonify. If Spleen and Stomach are damaged and Liver fire prevails, use Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Gou Teng (Uncaria Ramulus cum Uncis) to strengthen Spleen Qi and soothe Liver Wood. Generally, if symptoms persist after food digestion, simply tonifying and regulating the Spleen and Stomach will cause other pathogens to recede spontaneously.

For infants under 100 days old, true convulsions (internal origin) usually result in death within two or three episodes, whereas false convulsions (external origin) recur frequently but are not fatal. True convulsions stem from internal Jing Xian; false ones stem from external wind-cold invasion. Because blood and Qi are not yet robust, the body cannot withstand the pathogenic factors, leading to convulsions. If the breath from the mouth is hot, apply Da Qing Gao and the fontanelle application method simultaneously. Specifically, mix Da Qing Gao with 3 qian of Bai Fan (Alum), add a handful of Tao Zhi (Peach Twig), decoct in water, and bathe the infant. Do not bathe the back; this is the "body bathing method."

The aforementioned conditions are mostly due to fetal pathology, transmission of the wet nurse's anger, or Spleen injury in the infant. The primary treatment should be to consolidate Yuan Qi. Frequent convulsions indicate wind in the exterior, which is easy to treat with dispersing methods. Infrequent convulsions indicate wind in the zang organs, which is difficult to treat and requires tonifying the Spleen.