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This is the Jing syndrome (spasm) in Shanghan disease (Cold Damage). It manifests as stiffness of the neck and back, opisthotonos (back arching), and upward gazing of the eyes, which belongs to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel. If it presents with downward gaze, trismus (lockjaw) preventing speech, traction and convulsions of the limbs, and hooking of elbows and knees, it belongs to the Yangming (Yang Brightness) channel. If the eyes deviate to the left or right, and limb convulsions occur on the left or right, it belongs to the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) channel. These three are exterior syndromes of the Three Yang channels. Those with sweating should be treated with muscle-releasing methods; those without sweating should be treated with dispersing methods. One must not casually name it as "Jing Feng" (wind-induced convulsion), nor casually administer sedative and heavy-settling medicines, which would obstruct the meridians.

Guizhi Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Kudzu Root Decoction): Treats wind-cold injury causing stiffness of the neck and back, fever, and spontaneous sweating, classified as Rou Jing (Soft Spasm). This indicates pathogenic factors in the Taiyang channel, concurrently involving the Yangming channel.
Ingredients: Tender Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) 1 qian, Baishao (White Peony Root) 1.5 qian, Fenge (Kudzu Root) 1.5 qian, Laoshengjiang (Old Ginger) appropriate amount, Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take hot. After administration, slight perspiration is desired so that wind pathogens exit naturally and sweat pores close. Additionally, there is Guizhi Fangfeng Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Saposhnikovia Decoction), see the section on "Infant Cold Damage."

Treating Taiyang Shanghan, characterized by headache, fever, stiffness of the body and neck, and absence of sweating, classified as Gang Jing (Hard Spasm). The original formula uses Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Root and Cinnamon Twig Decoction), see above. Regarding these two syndromes, for severe cases, contemporary formulas often substitute Ren Shen Bai Du San (Ginseng and Detoxification Powder); for mild cases, *Yixue Xinwu* (New Insights into Medicine) substitutes Jiawei Xiangsu Yin (Modified Cyperus and Perilla Infusion).

Renshen Bai Du San (Ginseng and Detoxification Powder): Treats headache, aversion to cold with high fever, neck stiffness, blurred vision, nasal congestion with heavy voice, wind-phlegm cough in adults and children suffering from Shanghan, as well as epidemic diseases, miasma, ghost malaria, frog-like voice, red eyes and eye sores, damp-toxin flowing accumulation, swollen feet and cheeks, and throat obstruction. It also treats various sores, macules, rashes, and Jin Kou Li (dysentery with inability to eat). For diseases located in the upper part of the body, add Bohe (Mint) 3-4 fen.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng), Fuling (Poria), Zhike (Bitter Orange), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root), Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome) each 1 qian, Gancao (Licorice Root) 5 fen, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 2 slices.
If there is vexation, heat, and thirst, add Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) 1 qian, decoct in water, and take hot. Slight sweating will resolve the condition. To treat Jin Kou Li, add Chen Cangmi (Aged Rice) 2 qian, named Canlin San (Granary Powder).
To treat Hongxiangjiao (Charley Horse/Popliteal pain), add Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) and Piaocangzhu (Washed Atractylodes Rhizome) each 1 qian. For skin itching, add Chantui (Cicada Slough) 9 pieces. For wind-heat, add Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), which also treats Changfeng Xiexue (hematochezia due to intestinal wind). Remove Renshen from this formula, add Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit) 1 qian and Yinhua (Honeysuckle Flower) 2 qian to treat toxin sores.

Jiawei Xiangsu Yin (Modified Cyperus and Perilla Infusion): Treats common colds in all four seasons, featuring fever and aversion to cold, headache and body ache, nasal congestion with heavy voice, anorexia, vomiting and regurgitation, cough, or chest and diaphragm discomfort.
Ingredients: Zisuye (Perilla Leaf) 1.5 qian, Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) each 1.2 qian, Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 7 fen, Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizoma) 5 fen, Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike), Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Manjingzi (Vittex Seed) each 1 qian, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 3 slices.
Decoct in water and take.
Slight sweating resolves the condition. If the aforementioned symptoms involve severe head pain, add Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizoma) 8 fen and Congbai (Green Onion White) 2 stalks. For spontaneous sweating and aversion to wind, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Baishao (White Peony Root) each 1 qian. If during the transition between spring and summer, when Guizhi is inconvenient to use, add Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 1.5 qian. If accompanied by food stagnation and chest/diaphragm fullness, add Shanzha (Hawthorn Fruit), Maiya (Germinated Hordeum Fruit), and Luobozizi (Radish Seed) each 1.5 qian. If the primary Taiyang syndrome persists, accompanied by thirst and dysuria, this is a Bladder Fu organ syndrome; add Fuling (Poria) 1.5 qian and Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed) 1 qian. For wheezing and cough, add Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) and Qianhu (Peucedanum Root) each 1.5 qian, and Xingren (Apricot Seed) 7 pieces, crushed. For sore and swollen throat, remove Xiangfu and Shengjiang, add Jiegeng (Platycodon Root) and Bangzi (Arctium Fruit) each 1.5 qian, and Bohe (Mint) 5 fen. For constipation, add Zhike (Bitter Orange) and Luobozizi (Radish Seed) each 1.5 qian, still combined with compress therapy and honey suppository method.

Congchi Tang (Green Onion and Fermented Soybean Decoction): Treats early-stage Shanghan with headache, fever, absence of sweating, surging pulse, and loose stools. Use 14 stalks of Lianxu Congbai (Green Onion White with roots) and Danshichi (Lightly Fermented Soybean) 1 liang, decoct in water and take. If there is no sweating, add Gegen (Kudzu Root) 3 qian. Since the pathogen is initially at the exterior, use this to disperse it, avoiding the many contraindications associated with Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). Removing Danshichi from this formula and adding Laoshengjiang (Old Ginger) 5 qian creates Lianxu Congbai Tang (Green Onion White with Roots Decoction), which has the same therapeutic effect.

Tongguan San (Unblocking Orifice Powder): For all types of common colds, use Zaojiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit) 2 qian (remove edges and strings, discard worm-eaten parts) and Sheng Banxia (Raw Pinellia Tuber) 3 qian, grind into fine powder. Apply a small amount insufflated into the nostrils; sneezing indicates relief. In areas without medicine, using only Zaojiao powder alone is also effective. Chubi San (Nose-Tickling Powder) is particularly excellent, see the section on "Ke Wu" (External Evil Intrusion).

Treating unresolved condition after sweating, alternating calmness and restlessness, fixed staring, trismus, and alternating chills and fever. This indicates that Taiyang and Yangming syndromes have resolved but the condition remains unrelieved, having transmitted to the Shaoyang half-exterior half-interior stage. Harmonization is indicated using Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) plus Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root). Renshen (Ginseng) 7 fen, Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Zhi Banxia (Prepared Pinellia Tuber), Bei Fangfeng (Northern Saposhnikovia Root) each 1 qian, Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) 5 fen, Laoshengjiang (Old Ginger) 3 slices, Dazao (Jujube) 1 piece. Decoct in water and take.

Fangfeng Danggui Tang (Saposhnikovia and Angelica Decoction): Treats excessive sweating leading to fever, shaking of the head and face, trismus, and opisthotonos, belonging to Taiyang concurrent with Yangming. The treatment principle is to dispel wind and nourish blood.
Ingredients: Bei Fangfeng (Northern Saposhnikovia Root), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root) each 1.5 qian, Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root) 2 qian, Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome) 1 qian.
Decoct in water and take.

Fuzi San (Aconite Powder): Treats Yin Jing (Yin-type spasm) with cold extremities, tendon contraction, continuous sweating, neck stiffness, head shaking, and trismus, caused by excessive sweating leading to collapse of Yang Qi.
Ingredients: Qinghua Gui (Green-flowered Cinnamon Bark), Chuan Fupian (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) each 7 fen, Biaobai Zhu (Bleached Atractylodes Rhizome) 1.5 qian, Chuanxiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome) 1 qian, Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) 8 fen, Da Hongzao (Large Jujube) 5 pieces.
Decoct in water and take cold.

Danggui Sini Tang (Angelica Decoction for Reversal Cold): Treats infants with blood deficiency and weak constitution, where cold pathogens injure Ying (Nutritive) Qi, causing upward turning of the eyes and body opisthotonos, because the Taiyang channel governs tendon diseases.
Ingredients: Dangguishen (Body of Angelica Root), Nen Guizhi (Tender Cinnamon Twig), Chao Baishao (Stir-fried White Peony Root) (each 3 qian), Mutong (Akebia Stem), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root) (each 1.5 qian), Bei Xixin (Northern Asarum Root) 1 qian, Da Hongzao (Large Jujube) 5 pieces.
Decoct in water and take hot. Reduce dosage by half for small children, or the nursing mother may take it together.