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Sweet and bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats fractures, severed tendons, internal injuries, expels blood bi (blood stasis obstruction), fills the bone marrow, and promotes muscle growth. Decoction removes cold-heat patterns, dissipates accumulations, and eliminates bi syndrome. It primarily treats five labors and seven injuries in men, and middle injury, uterine leakage, and lower bleeding in women; breaks down evil blood and hematuria, benefits the large and small intestines, removes retained food in the stomach, restores strength, supplements deficiencies of internal injuries of the five zang organs, unblocks the vessels and collaterals, boosts qi and strength, and benefits hearing and vision. The fresh form is especially effective. Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Radix Rehmanniae), very cold in nature. Primarily treats metrorrhagia and metrostaxis in women that does not stop, as well as postpartum blood rushing to the heart causing chest oppression and syncope, body damage with fetal movement and lower bleeding, and retained placenta; for falls, fractures, bruised blood, retained blood, epistaxis, and hematemesis, all are crushed and taken as juice. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging. Also known as Di Sui (Earth Marrow), also known as Chang Ben, also known as Ni Pu. Grows in the river marshes and yellow soil of Xianyang, roots harvested in August and dried in shade. Beneficial when combined with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) and clear wine; adverse with Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu); fears Pyrethri Chrysanthemelli Flos (Wuyi). Xianyang is Chang'an. Those grown in Weicheng have seeds/fruits like wheat. Used in Huainan Qijing San. Among them, Gan Dihuang (Dried Radix Rehmanniae) from Pengcheng is best, followed by Liyang; currently, those from Banqiao in Jiangning are superior. There is a specific method for making dried forms: crushing into juice and steaming requires great craftsmanship; whereas this text only mentions drying in shade, resulting in different color and taste, raising concerns about steaming errors? The wealthy sometimes use Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Niuxi) and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Weirui) to imitate it, which people cannot distinguish. "Xian Jing" also uses it for ingestion, primarily utilizing its flowers; it also takes root easily and primarily treats sudden deafness and impaired hearing. Dried forms are sticky and moist; when made into pills and powders, they must be sun-dried intensely. Once dry, the weight reduces significantly; one jin yields only ten liang of powder, so dosage should be increased.

Pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-cold damp-bi, cough with rebellious qi, opens the heart orifice, supplements the five zang organs, unblocks the nine orifices, clarifies hearing and vision, facilitates voice production, treats deafness, carbuncles and sores, warms the stomach and intestines, stops frequent urination, treats damp-bi of the four limbs with inability to flex and extend, pediatric warm malaria with persistent body heat, and can be used as a medicinal bath decoction. Long-term use lightens the body, sharpens hearing and vision, improves memory, prevents confusion, prolongs life, benefits mind and intelligence, elevates aspirations, and prevents aging. Also known as Chang Yang. Grows in the pools and marshes of Shangluo Commandery and Yandao of Shu Commandery. One inch with nine nodes is of good quality. Exposed roots are unusable. Roots harvested in May and December, dried in shade. Qin Pi (Cortex Fraxini) and Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) serve as assistants; adverse with Didan (Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Root) and Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba). Shangluo Commandery belongs to Liangzhou; Yandao County is in Shu Commandery. Now found everywhere, growing on rocky gravel, with dense nodes being preferred. Large roots growing in low wetlands are named Chang Yang, primarily treating wind-damp but unsuitable for ingestion. This herb effectively expels worms and kills fleas and lice, though this is rarely mentioned now. True Changpu (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii) leaves have a midrib, like a sword blade, and produce small flowers in April and May. By streams in the east, there is another named Xisun, whose roots differ; confusing it with Shi Shang Changpu (Rock Acorus) is erroneous. This herb primarily treats cough and rebellious qi, and can kill fleas and lice, but is not used for ingestion and health preservation. The "Shi Jing" (Book of Songs) praises: "Many clouds of Lansun," referring precisely to this plant.