味苦、甘，寒，无毒。主风虚热气。一名余甘。生岭南交、广、爱等州。
树叶细，似合欢，花黄，子似李、柰，青黄色，核圆作六、七棱，其中仁亦入药用。（新
附）
味苦，寒，无毒。功用与 摩勒同。出西域及岭南交、爱等州，戎人谓之三果。
树似胡桃，子形亦似胡桃，核似诃梨勒而圆短无棱，用之亦同法。（新附）
味苦，平，有毒。主蛊毒，鬼疰，鬼魅，邪气在脏中，除咳逆寒热。一名陵泉，一名大
就。生蜀郡山谷。三月采根，
阴干。
鸢尾为之使，恶茯苓、防己。似防己。亦作车辐理解。《蜀都赋》所云∶青珠黄环者，
或云是大戟花，定非也。俗用
甚希，市人鲜有识者。
〔谨案〕此物，襄阳巴西人谓之就葛，作藤生。根亦葛类。所云似防
己，作车辐理解者，近之。人
取葛根，误得食之，吐利不止，用土浆解乃瘥，此真黄环也。余处亦希，唯襄阳大有。《本
经》用根，今云大戟花，非也。
其子作角，生似皂荚，花实与葛同时矣。今园庭种之。大者茎径六七寸，所在有之。谓其子
名野狼跋子。今太常科剑南来
者，乃鸡屎葛根，非也。
味辛、苦，平，有毒。主养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛。疗脚弱，五脏邪气，除热。
女子不可久服，令思男。实，
杀蛊毒，破积聚，逐风痹。一名鬼目。生华阴山谷。二月、四月采叶，八月采实，阴干。
五加为之使。今庐江及东间皆有，叶状如枇杷叶，方用亦希。
〔谨案〕此草叶似 草，
凌冬不凋，以叶细者为良。关
中者好，为疗风邪丸散之要。其江山以南者，长大如枇杷叶，无气味，殊不任用，今医家不
复用实也。
[Mole]
Taste: bitter, sweet. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily treats heat qi caused by wind deficiency. Alternative name: Yugan (Phyllanthus emblica). Habitat: grows in Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, Aizhou, and other regions of Lingnan.
Leaves are fine, resembling those of Albizia julibrissin (Hehuan). Flowers are yellow. Fruits resemble plums or nashi pears, greenish-yellow in color. The seeds are round with six or seven ridges; the kernels inside can also be used medicinally. (Newly added)
[Shinan Cao - Variant 1]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Efficacy: same as Mole. Origin: Western Regions, and Jiaozhou, Aizhou, etc., in Lingnan. People of Rong call it "San Guo" (Three Fruits).
The tree resembles Juglans regia (Walnut). The fruit shape is also similar to walnut. The nut resembles Terminalia chebula (Helilele) but is rounder, shorter, and lacks ridges. It is used in the same manner. (Newly added)
[Huanghuan]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: primarily treats gu poison (parasitic disease), guizhu (chronic infectious wasting disease), demonic influences, and evil qi within the zang-fu organs; eliminates cough with upward reversal and alternating chills and fever. Alternative names: Lingquan, Da Jiu. Habitat: grows in the valleys of Shujun. Harvest time: roots collected in March, dried in shade.
Interactions: Iris tectorum (Yuwei) acts as an guiding herb (shi); incompatible with Poria cocos (Fuling) and Stephania tetrandra (Fangji). Morphology: resembles Fangji; the root structure can be understood as radiating like spokes of a chariot wheel. The "Qingzhu Huanghuan" mentioned in the *Shudu Fu* is sometimes claimed to be the flower of Euphorbia lathyris (Daji), but this is definitely incorrect. Usage is rare among the common people; few merchants recognize it.
[Verification]: In Xiangyang and Baxi, this plant is called "Jue Ge" and grows as a vine. Its root belongs to the Polygonum multiflorum (Ge Gen) category. The description that it resembles Fangji and has a chariot-wheel-like root structure is close to the truth. If people harvesting Ge Gen mistakenly consume it, they suffer from incessant vomiting and diarrhea, which only subsides after taking mud slurry as an antidote; this is the true Huanghuan. It is scarce elsewhere but abundant in Xiangyang. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* uses the root; the claim that it is the flower of Daji is incorrect.
Its fruits are pod-like, resembling Sophora japonica pods (Zaojiao) when growing. Flowering and fruiting occur simultaneously with Ge Gen. It is now cultivated in gardens. Stems can reach 6-7 cun in diameter. It is found everywhere. The fruit is called "Yelang Ba Zi". Currently, the specimens submitted to the Taichang Temple from Jiannan are actually the roots of Paederia scandens (Jishi Ge), not the true Huanghuan.
[Shinan Cao - Variant 2]
Taste: pungent, bitter. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: nourishes kidney qi, treats internal injury leading to yin deficiency, promotes free flow in sinews, bones, skin, and hair. Treats weakness of the legs, evil qi in the five zang organs, and clears heat.
Contraindications: Women should not take it for long periods, as it may induce sexual desire for men. For excess patterns, it kills gu poison, breaks accumulations, and expels wind-bi. Alternative name: Gui Mu. Habitat: grows in the valleys of Huayin. Harvest time: leaves collected in February and April, fruits in August, dried in shade.
Interactions: Eucommia ulmoides (Wujia) acts as an guiding herb (shi). Distribution: found in Lujiang and Dongjian. Leaves resemble those of Eriobotrya japonica (Pipa Ye). Clinical usage is rare.
[Verification]: The leaves of this herb resemble [missing character/context], remaining evergreen through winter. Fine-leaved varieties are preferred. Those from Guanzhong are of good quality and are essential ingredients in pills and powders for treating wind-pathogens. Varieties south of the rivers and mountains grow large with leaves resembling Pipa Ye, lack aroma, and are useless; modern physicians no longer use their fruits.