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Taste: sweet, sour, salty. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily benefits vision, unblocks the nine orifices, treats deafness, eliminates pathogenic factors in the epigastrium, induces vomiting, and kills various toxic substances and parasitic worms (San Chong). Long-term consumption promotes spiritual clarity, lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging. It can be dissolved to make copper swords for protection against weapons (Bi Wu Bing). Grows in the valleys of Yuzhang; collected at any time.

This herb is no longer used in medical prescriptions, nor sold in markets; it is occasionally required only in the "Thirty-Six Water Formulas" of the *Xian Jing* (Immortal Classics). The method for making copper swords is detailed in the *Jiu Yuan Zi Shu*.

[Verification] Tao Hongjing stated:
The current Kong Qing (Azurite), which is round like an iron bead, white in color, and hollow inside, is this one. When ground, its color is white like jade; when green, it is also used, named Yu Mu Qing (Fish Eye Azurite) because its shape resembles fish eyes. Those produced in Jianzhou and Zizhou are of good quality.

Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats eye pain, benefits vision, heals fractures and sores, treats non-healing metal wounds, breaks up accumulations, detoxifies mineral vapors, benefits the spirit, expels wind-cold-heat bi syndrome, and treats various diseases of the male urethra, tonifying essence. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. Grows in the valleys of Zhuya, Wudu, and Zhuti; collected at any time.
Neither the *Xian Jing* nor common folk prescriptions use this herb. Zhuya Commandery previously belonged to Jiaozhou, located in the South China Sea, and was abolished during the Jin Dynasty; Zhuti Commandery currently belongs to Ningzhou.
[Verification]
Those from Zhuya, Bannan, as well as Linyue, Funan, and imported by ship, are large lumps like fists, green in color, with sometimes hollow interiors; those from Wuchang are smaller flakes but have better color; those from Lanzhou and Zizhou are flat flakes with lighter color.

Taste: sour, pungent. Nature: cold. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: benefits vision, treats eye pain, metal wounds, various epilepsy spasms, female genital erosion pain, lithiasis (Shi Lin), alternating chills and fever, metrorrhagia and hypomenorrhea, various pathogenic toxic vapors, facilitates conception, dissipates mass formations, treats cough and rebellious Qi, and scrofula (Shu Li). After refining and taking as a pill, it prevents aging; long-term consumption increases longevity and leads to immortality. It can transform iron into copper and produce gold and silver. Also known as Bi Shi, Hei Shi, Qi Shi, and Tong Le. Grows in the Qingshan Valley of Qiangliju in Qiandaoguan. Collected on Gengzi and Xinchou days in the second lunar month.
Shui Ying acts as its guiding drug; it is incompatible with Mugui, Jungui, Yuanhua, Xin Yi, and Bai Wei. It is used in the *Xian Jing*, but rarely in folk prescriptions; this herb is nearly extinct. Occasionally, people collect it now; it is greenish-blue, looks like glazed glass with white veins, and is brittle. It is no longer found in Liangzhou and Xindu; folk medicine substitutes it with green alum stone, which bears little resemblance. In the *Xian Jing*, it is also called Lizhi Shi.
[Verification]
This substance is found where copper is mined; its shape resembles Ceng Qing (Malachite), mixed with green. This is actually Jiang Fan (Roasted Alum). Recently, some have used Jiang Fan as Shi Dan, or made fake products by rubbing Qing Fan (Green Vitriol) with vinegar. Genuine Shi Dan comes from Dongting Valley caves and Xueji Cave in Yuxiang County, Puzhou; lumps the size of chicken eggs are genuine.