味咸。主毒风头泄注。一名野葵。生高陵下地。三月三日采根，根如乌头。
味苦，平，无毒。主心气，女子阴疝，血结，一名承夜，一名夜光。三月采。
味苦，无毒。主小儿痫，除邪，养胎，风痹，洗浴寒热，目中青翳，女子带下。生腐木
积草处，如朝生，天雨生盖，
黄白色。四月采。
味甘，平，无毒。主益气，止渴，除热在腹脐，利筋。一名菅根，一名土筋。生泽中，
根有毛。三月生，四月实白，
三月三日采根。
味苦，有毒。主恶疥疮，出虫。一名女木。生高地，叶白有刺，根连数十枚。
味苦，平，无毒。主寒热，痿痹，女子带下，痈肿。生山阳，如藿菌，有刺。
主缓筋，令不痛。
味咸，平，无毒。主痹及热中伤跌折。生山阴谷中蔓草木上。茎有刺，实如椒。
味苦，有毒。主鼠 。一名百连，一名乌蓼，一名鼠茎，一名鹿蒲。生百余根，根有衣
裹茎。三月三日采根。
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. When poisoning occurs from consuming meat, it can eliminate the toxicity.
Salty in flavor. Primarily treats toxic swelling of the head and persistent diarrhea. Also known as Ye Kui (Wild Hibiscus). Grows in low-lying areas at the foot of Gaoling hills. The root is harvested on the third day of the third lunar month; the root resembles Wutou (Aconiti Radix).
Pungent in flavor, toxic. Treats malignant sores and removes Bi syndrome (obstruction) qi. Also known as Shi Long (Stone Dragon). Grows in water.
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Heart Qi disorders, female Yin hernia, and blood stasis. Also known as Cheng Ye, also known as Ye Guang. Harvested in the third lunar month.
Bitter in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats pediatric epilepsy, expels evil pathogens, nourishes the fetus, treats wind-Bi syndrome, chills and fevers during bathing, pterygium in the eyes, and leukorrhea in women. Grows where rotting wood and accumulated grass gather, resembling ephemeral mushrooms that sprout caps after rain, yellowish-white in color. Harvested in the fourth lunar month.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily tonifies Qi, relieves thirst, clears heat in the abdomen and umbilicus, and benefits the sinews. Also known as Jian Gen, also known as Tu Jin. Grows in marshes; the root has hairs. Sprouts in the third lunar month, fruits turn white in the fourth, and the root is harvested on the third day of the third lunar month.
Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily brightens the eyes, tonifies Qi, and promotes fertility. Grows on hillsides, resembling Bishi Qing (greenish mineral stones).
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily lightens the body, tonifies Qi, and prolongs life. Grows underground in mountainous areas, resembling horse teeth.
Primarily treats pediatric epilepsy, chills, and fever. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Primarily treats malignant sores and eliminates Ascaris (white worms). Grows near water, resembling Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma).
Acid in flavor. Primarily treats internal leakage, stops bleeding, and addresses deficiency. Grows on Changyang Mountain; harvest time is unrestricted.
Bitter in flavor, toxic. Primarily treats malignant scabies and expels parasites. Also known as Nu Mu. Grows on high ground; leaves are white with thorns, and roots consist of dozens of connected tubers.
Sweet in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats cold syndromes, stops bleeding, and manages leukorrhea. Grows in Luoyang.
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats chills and fever, flaccidity and Bi syndrome, leukorrhea in women, and carbuncles and swellings. Grows on sunny slopes of mountains, resembling Huo Jun (a type of mushroom), with thorns.
Primarily relaxes sinews and alleviates pain.
Salty in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats Bi syndrome and fractures caused by trauma in Heat-in-the-Middle syndromes. Grows in shady valleys on mountains, climbing over vines and plants. Stems have thorns; fruits resemble Sichuan pepper.
Bitter in flavor, toxic. Primarily treats Scrofula (Rat Fistula). Also known as Bai Lian, also known as Wu Liao, also known as Shu Jing, also known as Lu Pu. Grows in clusters of over a hundred roots; roots have sheaths covering the stems. The root is harvested on the third day of the third lunar month.