味辛。主明目，补中。根茎中涕，疗伤寒寒热，出汗，中风，面肿，消渴，热中，逐水。
生
味苦。主恶疮，秃败疮，火气，杀三虫。一名蛊损，一名血推。生方山山谷。
味苦，平，无毒。主寒热，洗浴疥，恶疮。生山陵。根似紫葳，叶如燕虑。采无时。
味辛，温，无毒。主泄痢肠 ，疗心痛，破疝瘕。生深山谷中，叶如兰，实赤。赤女肠
亦同。
味辛，平，无毒。主伏虫、白癣、肿痛。生山谷，如藜芦，根白相连，九月采。
味苦，无毒。主肺咳上气，行五脏，令百病不起。一名玉箫，一名箭悍。叶如小竹，根
黄白皮。生山陵。三、四月
采根，曝干。
味辛，有毒。主寒热。一名脱尾；一名羊草。生楚山。三月采根，根白而香。
味甘，无毒。主食诸虫。一名水昌；一名水宿；一名茎蒲；十月采。
味甘，无毒。主腹痛。一名羊饴，一名陵渴。生山阴。二月华兑蔓草上，五月实黑，中
有核。三月三日采叶，阴干。
味甘，无毒。主疰，崩中，止血，益气。生蜀郡山石阴地湿处，采无时。
[Huangbai Zhi]
Taste: Sour. Indications: Mainly treats Hou Bi (sore throat with obstruction and swelling), stops Xie Li (diarrhea and dysentery). Harvested in the tenth lunar month, dried in the shade.
Taste: Pungent. Indications: Mainly improves vision, tonifies the Middle Jiao (middle burner/spleen and stomach). The mucilage/juice from the rhizome and root treats Shang Han (cold damage) with alternating chills and fever, induces sweating, treats Zhong Feng (wind stroke), facial edema, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), Re Zhong (heat in the middle jiao), and expels water retention. Grows in...
Taste: Bitter. Indications: Mainly treats E Chuang (malignant sores), Tu Bai Chuang (chronic ulcerative alopecia), Huo Qi (pathogenic fire heat), kills San Chong (three types of parasites). Also known as Gu Sun, also known as Xui Tui. Grows in the valleys of Fang Mountain.
Taste: Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats chills and fever, scabies treated by bathing, malignant sores. Grows on hills. Roots resemble Ziwēi (Lagerstroemia indica), leaves resemble Yan Lü (leaf shape similar to a swallow's tail). Harvested at any time.
Taste: Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats intestinal dysentery with abdominal pain and tenesmus, treats heart pain, breaks up Shan Jia (abdominal masses and hernias). Grows in deep valleys, leaves resemble orchids, fruits are red. Chi Nu Chang (Red Female Intestine, another variety) has the same efficacy.
Taste: Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Nue (malaria), skin chills and fever, induces sweating, causes transformation in the body (literal translation of "ling ren bian", possibly implying physiological alteration or adverse reaction).
Taste: Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Fu Chong (latent parasites), Bai Xuan (white tinea), swelling and pain. Grows in valleys, resembles Lilü (Veratrum nigrum), roots are white and connected, harvested in the ninth lunar month.
Taste: Bitter, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Fei Ke Shang Qi (pulmonary cough with rebellious qi/asthma), circulates through the Five Zang organs, prevents various diseases from arising. Also known as Yu Xiao, also known as Jian Han. Leaves resemble small bamboo, root bark is yellowish-white. Grows on hills. Roots harvested in the third and fourth lunar months, sun-dried.
Taste: Pungent, Toxic. Indications: Mainly treats chills and fever. Also known as Tuo Wei; also known as Yang Cao. Grows in Chu Mountains. Roots harvested in the third lunar month, white and fragrant.
Taste: Sweet, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats intestinal parasites. Also known as Shui Chang; also known as Shui Su; also known as Jing Pu. Harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Taste: Sweet, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats abdominal pain. Also known as Yang Yi, also known as Ling Ke. Grows in shady mountain areas. Flowers bloom on creeping grass in the second lunar month, fruits turn black in the fifth lunar month with seeds inside. Leaves harvested on the third day of the third lunar month, dried in the shade.
Taste: Sweet, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Zhu Bing (infectious/wasting diseases), Beng Zhong (uterine bleeding/metrorrhagia), stops bleeding, tonifies Qi. Grows in damp, shady places among rocks in Shu Commandery. Harvested at any time.
Taste: Bitter, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly stops mental restlessness and sweating. Plant resembles Paulownia, roots are yellow.
Taste: Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats Xin Fu Ji Jia (abdominal masses and accumulations). Stems treat malignant sores. Grows in marshes, large stems with fine leaves, fragrance similar to Haoben (Ligusticum sinense).
Grows on hills. Roots harvested in the third and fourth lunar months, sun-dried.