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The Yellow Emperor said: External obstructions (Wai Zhang) are diseases of the Liver; internal obstructions (Nei Zhang) require medication for the Gallbladder. In external obstructions, a membrane forms over the eye region corresponding to the Liver; one must first take oral medicine to remove the membrane, and then apply eye drops. In internal obstructions, a membrane forms over the Gallbladder region, where bile is hot and depleted; medication is used to regulate this condition, known as Qing Feng Nei Zhang (Green Wind Internal Obstruction). The treatment principle is tonification for deficiency. For those aged twenty to thirty, cooling herbs are generally safe. For those aged fifty to seventy, warming herbs are appropriate. For red eyes (Chi Yan) and toxic eyes (Du Yan), medicines that regulate the Qi and Blood of the Heart and Lungs must be used. One must carefully assess excess and deficiency, resolve the Qi stagnation in the Heart and Lungs, preferably starting with internal regulation before using topical washing or dropping therapies. If cataracts or membranes are present but the eyes are not painful, dispersing and resolving methods are not required. For women with eye diseases caused by Qi and Blood disharmony, treat head wind (Tou Feng) first, then treat the eyes; this is not mere vulgar talk. Generally, eye diseases in humans arise from excessive indulgence in alcohol and sex, excessive thinking, worry, sorrow, and crying, as well as consuming toxic, salty, or sour foods, leading to uneven Qi and Blood and damage to Liver Qi. By regulating the Liver and Lungs, proper medication will clearly restore vision.

Heaven and Earth create all things through the transformation of Yin and Yang, and the matching of the Five Elements manifests phenomena, while the four limbs and body take shape according to their categories. Heaven has the sun and moon; humans have two eyes. The eyes connect with the Kidney, externally divided into the Five Wheels (Wu Lun), internally corresponding to the Five Zang Organs, operating in accordance with the Four Seasons, and flowing through the hundred vessels. This follows the harmony of spring when all things grow, a time when Wood Qi is prosperous; thus, Liver Qi is abundant while Kidney Qi declines. In summer, when flora flourishes, Fire Qi flares upward; thus, Heart Qi is abundant while Liver Qi declines. In autumn, when harvest occurs, Metal Qi rises and prospers; thus, Lung Qi is abundant while Liver Qi declines. At winter solstice, roots lie dormant, Water nature is complete; thus, Kidney Qi is abundant and Liver Qi generates, which is called the creation of mother and son generation. Human eyes are the external manifestation of the Liver. If Liver Qi is discordant, blood stasis floods the pupil; if Lung Qi is discordant, the eyes feel dry and itchy; if Spleen Qi is discordant, the sclera turns pale yellow; if Kidney Qi is discordant, cold tears flow excessively; if Heart Qi is discordant, the eyes are frequently red and dry. When the Blood Wheel is diseased, observe the Heart; when the Wind Wheel is diseased, observe the Liver; when the Water Wheel is diseased, observe the Kidney; when the Flesh Wheel is diseased, observe the Spleen; when the Qi Wheel is diseased, observe the Lung. Thus, the principles of mutual generation and restriction are clear and logical. Understanding the prosperity and decline of the Five Zang Organs and knowing the creation of the Four Seasons, since birth, humans rely on Qi and Blood. If Qi stagnates and Blood is deficient, eye diseases naturally arise. If Qi and Blood are harmonious, how could such afflictions exist? People engaging in worldly affairs often indulge in alcohol and sex, expose themselves heavily to wind, cold, heat, and dampness, eat overly flavorful foods, and fail to regulate their lifestyle properly. This leads to the Liver and Gallbladder being invaded by wind pathogenic factors, which then enter the Bladder causing cold tears. Winter is severely cold, spring is biting, summer is cool, and autumn is intensely hot. Yin-Yang toxic vapors are generated by the three Yang energies of spring. Therefore, Yin and Yang mix in the Dantian; after one or two days, the toxic vapor leaves the Dantian; after three or four days, it stays in the Spleen and Stomach; after five or six days, it enters the Zang-Fu organs. It may transmit and cause red eyes; if in the Liver, there is eye pain; if in the Lung, there is frequent itching; if in the Kidney, vision is unclear; if in the Spleen, there is eyelid ulceration and trichiasis; if in the Liver and Gallbladder, there is pterygium (Rou Pan Jing); if restricting the Spleen, Stomach, and San Jiao, vision is unclear; if restricting the Bladder, there is headache and tearing, and blurred vision. Bu Gan San (Liver Tonifying Powder) can be effective. If the Spleen is cold, the eyeballs are dry and itchy; Qu Feng San (Wind-Expelling Powder) assists in treatment. If the Kidney is cold, black spots scatter in vision; Bu Shen Wan (Kidney Tonifying Pill) has great efficacy. If the Lung is cold, opening the eyes to see is difficult; Qing Fei San (Lung-Clearing Powder) regulates it. If there is heat, Chai Hu San (Bupleurum Powder) disperses it, still using Tong Gan San (Liver-Unblocking Powder). If there is swelling, Qing Gan San (Liver-Clearing Powder) unblocks and promotes urination, combined with cooling the Spleen. Jie Ming San (Cassia Seed Powder), Ling Yang Jiao San (Antelope Horn Powder), and Huan Jing San (Vision-Restoring Powder) are applied for various diseases; Di Huang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) and Ding Xin Wan (Heart-Calming Pill) are effective for internal conditions. Before and after childbirth, Tan Xiang San (Sandalwood Powder), Dang Gui San (Angelica Sinensis Powder), and Er Yi San (Two Appropriate Powders) must be used with detailed consideration. For cold, heat, wind, and deficiency patterns, Wu Tui San (Five Retreats Powder), Qing Liang San (Cooling Powder), and Bai Wei San (Clerodendrum Powder) should be chosen flexibly to verify efficacy. Deep red eyes with pain and dryness indicate excess heat in the Liver Meridian; one must purge the Liver, clear the Heart, and cool the Spleen, and the effect will surely be achieved. Pale red eyes with slight dryness indicate deficiency heat in the Liver Meridian; one must use warming and cooling methods to harmonize and expel, and the disease will heal as before. Rough breathing and loss of taste indicate accumulated heat in the Spleen and Stomach. Opacities blocking the pupil may resemble millet grains or plum blossoms. Swollen and painful sclera indicates accumulated heat in the Lung and Large Intestine. Non-swollen sores or opacities indicate wind-phlegm transmitted from the Lung. Numerous red vessels indicate Heart deficiency. Yellow sclera indicates transmission of wine desire and diet to the Spleen and Stomach. Blood flooding the pupil indicates congestion and heat in the Heart Meridian. Wind-heat in the Kidney Meridian causes photophobia and visual halos; if there are no opacities, tonification is suitable. Pain like needle pricking is relieved by unblocking. Itching is cured by expelling wind. Trauma pain requires pain relief first. Spots and sores require early disinfection. Regulating Yin and Yang, the physician is indeed the master of life for humans, penetrating profound subtleties, with consistent standards throughout. Reckless acupuncture and erroneous medication harm the body; this must be deeply guarded against.