夫伤寒咳者。盖咳。声咳之咳。俗谓之嗽者是也。肺主气。形寒饮冷则伤肺。使气上而
不下。逆而不收。冲击膈咽。令喉中淫淫如痒。习习如梗。是令咳也。甚者续续不已。连连
不止。坐卧不安。语言不竟。动引百骸。声闻四近矣。咳之由来。有肺寒而咳者。有停饮而
咳者。有邪气在半表半里而咳者。虽同曰咳。而治各不同也。内经曰。肺之令人咳何也。皮
毛者。肺之合也。皮毛先受邪气。以从其合。则肺寒。饮入胃。从肺脉上至于肺。肺寒则内
外合邪因而客之。则为咳嗽者。是肺寒而咳也。伤寒表而不解。心下有水气。干呕。发热而
咳。小青龙汤主之。少阴病。腹痛。小便不利。四肢沉重。疼痛。自下利者。此为有水气。
其人或咳者。真武汤加五味子、细辛、干姜主之。二者。是停饮而咳者也。虽皆为水饮所作。
而小青龙汤所主。为水饮与表寒相合而咳者。真武汤所主。为水饮与里寒相合而咳者。不可
不知也。伤寒中风。往来寒热。胸胁苦满。默默不欲饮食。心烦喜呕。或咳者。小柴胡汤。
去人参、大枣、生姜。加干姜、五味子主之。少阴病。四逆。其人或咳者。四逆散。加干姜、
五味子主之。二者。是邪气自表传里而咳者。虽皆为气传里。而小柴胡汤所主。为阳邪传里
动肺而咳者。四逆散所主。为阴邪传里动肺而咳者。又不可不知也。表寒也。里寒也。KT
水饮则必动肺。以形寒饮冷则伤肺故也。阳邪也。阴邪也。自表传里。则必动肺。以脏真
高于肺故也。咳为肺疾。治之必发散而可矣。而又有不可发汗者。经曰。咳而小便利者。不
可发汗。发汗。则四肢厥逆冷。又曰。咳而发汗。倦而苦满。腹中复坚。兹虽逆也。又脉散
者。为心火刑于肺金。鬼贼相刑。必死。临病之侧。可察之。
歌曰。嗽家呕喘属膀胱。寒热毒坚值少阳。若是少阴数下利。四肢沉重更清凉。
肺主气。气逆而不下。则嗽。热邪乘之。气则燥郁。寒邪乘之。气则冷滞。水饮乘之。
又与气博。热寒水饮。皆生痰壅嗽之所从始乎。阴阳治法。有本条。其间水嗽三证。不可无
辨。小青龙汤。太阳之表水也。十枣汤。太阳之里水也。真武汤。阴证之水气也。常须知之。
虽然。古人宜药。对一病所主安在哉。曰。水与表寒也。令而嗽。则小青龙汗之。水与表寒
相合而嗽。则真武汤温之。里癖合水。动肺为嗽焉。十枣所以下也。太阳病。身热喘。心下
怔忪。干呕。微利。此水气在里。小青龙。小便不利。小腹满者。去麻黄。加茯苓。发热恶
寒。身体痛者。只根据本方。若身凉咳嗽。干呕。微利。心下痞满。引胁疼痛。为里有水。十
枣汤。少阳病。寒热往来。胸胁硬满而痛嗽。小柴胡汤。或利。去人参生姜枣。加五味子干
姜。少阴病。水气咳嗽。四肢痛重。腹。小便不利。下利。或呕。真武汤。加五味子干姜细
辛。少阴咳而四逆。或腹痛。或泄利。或悸。四逆散。加五味子干姜。少阴咳而呕渴。心烦
不得眠。下利。猪苓汤。热嗽。金沸草散。或唾脓血。小柴胡汤。加黄芩生姜煎汤。咳嗽头
痛。不恶寒。身大热。若脐腹亦有热而作痛者。须下之。大柴胡汤。张氏曰。发汗不解。腹
满痛者。急下之。可大承气汤。又曰。腹中满痛。此为实。大柴胡下之。咳嗽中满而呕。用
大半夏汤解利以后。胃寒不食。则理中汤。加橘皮半夏茯苓细辛五味子。痰多二陈汤。加细
辛五味。治嗽通用大橘皮汤。下利六七日。咳呕渴。心烦不得眠。猪苓汤。表未解。心下有
水。干呕发热而嗽。小青龙汤。小便不利。小腹满者。青龙汤。去麻黄。加茯苓也。
方
射干散 治伤寒咳嗽气促。喉喘干嗽无痰。喉中如梗者。
射干 麻黄（去根节） 麦门冬（去心） 赤茯苓 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤各一两） 杏
仁（汤
浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 贝母（煨令微黄各三分） 百合（二分） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉）
上
粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
柴胡汤 治伤寒咳嗽。烦热。四肢骨节头目疼痛。
柴胡（一两半去苗） 贝母（煨微黄） 葛根（锉） 赤芍药 黄芩 栀子仁（各一两）
石膏
（二两） 知母 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄各三分） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中
盏。
入
陈橘皮散（出活人书）治春冬伤寒。秋夏冷温咳嗽。喉中鸣声。上气不得下。
头痛方。
陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 紫菀（去苗土） 麻黄（去根节） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁
炒微黄）
当归 桂心 甘草（炙微赤锉） 黄芩（各半两） 上八味切。以水七升。煮取三升。分三
服。
不瘥重合之。忌海藻、菘菜、生葱。一方。用姜半分同煎。
杏仁汤 治伤寒肺壅。咳嗽上气。咽喉气逆。或恶寒。鼻中清水出者。
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒半两） 紫菀（去苗土） 黄芩（去黑心） 当归（切焙） 陈
橘皮
（汤浸去白焙各半两） 木香（一分） 大黄（炒一两半） 甘草（炙锉） 麻黄（去根节
汤煮掠去
沫） 桂（去粗皮各半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓。温服。
又方（出杨子建护命方）治伤寒壮热。头及身痛。胸膈不利。咳嗽多痰。宜
服。
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙） 贝母（去心） 射干 紫
苏叶
柴胡（去苗） 紫菀（去苗土） 桔梗（炒各一分） 独活（炒各一分） 羌活（去芦头半
两） 防风
（
服
。一方有黄芩。
款冬花散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。喘息不得。
款冬花 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 紫菀（去苗土） 生干地黄 百部 赤茯
苓
甘草（炙微赤锉各三分） 上捣筛为散。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去
滓。
不
旋复花散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽涕出。唾腥气。心胸壅闷。
旋复花 桑根白皮（锉） 紫菀（去苗土） 赤茯苓 生干地黄 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。
水
一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
赤芍药散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。引心腹痛。
赤芍药 桔梗（去芦头） 陈橘皮（汤浸去瓤焙） 白茯苓（各三分） 桃仁（汤浸去
皮尖双
仁微炒微黄） 肉桂（去粗皮） 细辛（各半两） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生
姜半
分。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
前胡散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。头目痛。痰滞胸膈不利。
前胡（去芦头） 麻黄（去根节） 桂心 甘草（炙微赤锉） 葛根 百部 贝母（煨
令微黄
以上各三分） 柴胡（一两去芦头） 石膏（二两） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。煎
至六
分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
人参散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。呕逆。不纳饮食。
人参（去芦头） 赤茯苓 陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 紫苏茎叶 前胡（去芦头） 白
术紫
菀（去苗土各半两） 半夏（三分汤洗七次去滑） 甘草（一分炙微赤锉） 上锉捣筛。每
服四
钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
生干地黄散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽唾血。
生干地黄 车前子 桑根白皮（锉） 紫菀（去苗土） 鹿角胶（捣碎炒令黄燥各半两）
赤
茯苓（三分） 甘草（一分炙微赤锉） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。去
滓。
不计时候。温服。
百合散方（出圣惠方） 治伤寒咳嗽。头目连背膊浮肿。喘促。大小便不利。
百合 郁李仁（汤浸去皮尖微炒） 大腹皮（锉） 赤茯苓 紫苏茎叶 陈橘皮（汤浸
去瓤
焙各三分） 甜葶苈（隔纸炒令紫色） 桑根白皮（锉） 汉防己（各半两） 上捣筛。每
服四钱。
水
天门冬散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。连胸背痛。
天门冬（去心） 赤茯苓 生干地黄 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤） 细辛 贝母（煨令微黄）
前
胡（
半分。
煎六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
麻黄散（出圣惠方）治伤寒咳嗽。胸膈壅闷。心神烦躁。
麻黄（去根节） 贝母（煨令微黄各三分） 川升麻 葛根（锉） 知母 甘草（炙微
赤锉各
一分） 前胡（去芦头） 猪苓（去黑皮） 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤各半两） 上粗捣筛。每
服四钱。
水一
治伤寒咳嗽。鼻塞壅闷。大肠气滞。
细辛（三分） 百合 川大黄（锉碎微炒） 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤一两） 前胡（去芦
头） 生
干地黄 甘草（炙微赤锉）陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄各半
两）
上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
桑根白皮散 治伤寒肺热咳嗽。涕唾稠粘。背拘急。口干头痛。大小便秘涩。
桑根白皮（锉） 白前 麦门冬（去心各一两半） 木通 川大黄（锉碎微黄炒各一两）
旋
复花 甘草（炙微赤锉各半两） 川朴硝（三分） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。煎六
分。
去滓。不计时候。温服。
治伤寒咳嗽。鼻有清涕。吃食减少。
细辛 五味子 人参（去芦头） 肉桂（去粗皮） 陈橘皮（汤浸去瓤焙） 白术（各
半两）
甘草（一分炙微赤锉） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎六分。
去
滓。温服。不计时。
石膏散 治伤寒头痛咳嗽。壮热。四肢酸痛。
石膏 前胡（去芦头） 葛根（锉） 赤芍药 柴胡（去苗各一两） 子芩 桑根白皮
（锉）
荆芥（各三分） 川升麻（半两） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。豉五十
粒。
煎六分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
细辛散 治伤寒咳嗽。喘促鼻塞。
细辛 人参（去芦头） 麻黄（去根节） 附子（炮裂去皮脐） 赤茯苓 杏仁（汤浸
去皮尖
双仁麸炒微黄） 前胡（去芦头） 百合（各三分） 肉桂（去粗皮） 紫菀（洗去苗土） 白
术
干姜（炮制锉） 桔梗（去芦头） 赤芍药 甘草（炙微赤锉各半两） 浓朴（一两去粗皮
涂生姜
汁炙令香熟） 上粗捣筛。每服四钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。枣三枚。煎六分。去滓。不
计时候。温服。
麻黄散 治伤寒风冷入肺。咳嗽不止。
麻黄（一两去根节） 桔梗（去芦头） 五味子 紫苏（微炒） 知母（各半两） 桂
心甘草
（炙微赤锉各一分） 上为细末。每服一钱。如茶煎五七沸。不计时候。稍热服。
天门冬丸 治伤寒心肺壅咳嗽。口苦气促。
天门冬（一两去心焙） 汉防己 甜葶苈（隔纸炒令紫色） 桑根白皮（锉） 杏仁（汤
浸去
皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 枳壳（麸炒微黄去瓤） 甘草（炙微赤锉各三分） 上为细末。炼蜜
和捣
一二百杵。丸如桐子大。每服不计时候。生姜汤下二十丸。日三四服。
皂荚丸 治伤寒气壅咳嗽。咽喉胸膈不利。喘息。
皂荚（半斤不 者以童子小便三升浸三日 汁去滓于银器中熬如膏） 百合 贝母（煨
令
微黄） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄） 甘草（炙微赤锉各一两） 皂荚（五梃去黑皮
涂酥炙
令燥去子） 上为细末。用皂荚膏和捣一二百杵。丸如桐子大。每服不计时候。以清粥饮下
二十丸。
麻黄汤 治伤寒咳嗽。日夜不止。
麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙） 桑根白皮（锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 鸡苏茎叶 葛
根
五味子 甘草（炙锉各半两） 紫菀（去苗土半两） 石膏（一两半） 葶苈（微炒一分） 桂
（去
粗皮一两） 上捣筛。每服五钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。拍碎。枣三枚。擘破。同煎八分。
去滓。不计时候。温服。
五味子饮 治伤寒咳嗽。
五味子（炒） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白炒各一两） 阿胶（炙
燥一
两） 甘草（炙锉） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒各半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一中盏。
入
生姜三片。同煎六分。去滓。温服。不计时候。
紫苏汤 治伤寒咳嗽。
紫苏叶（一两） 麻黄（去根节汤煮掠去沫焙一两半） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒二两）
甘
草（炙锉半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。温服。不计时候。
加减真武汤（出圣济总录）主少阴证。二三日不已。至四五日。腹痛。小便不
利。四肢沉
白茯苓（去黑皮） 芍药 白术 五味子（炒各三分） 附子（一枚炮裂去皮脐） 细
辛（去
苗叶） 干姜（炮各一分） 上锉如麻豆大。每服五钱。水一盏半。入生姜四片。煎八分。
去
滓。温服。
前胡汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒咳嗽痰唾。胸膈不利。头目昏眩。
Cough (Ke) refers to the act of coughing with sound. What is commonly called "sou" actually refers to expectoration (Note: The original text defines Ke and Sou differently from traditional TCM; usually, Ke is sound without phlegm, Sou is phlegm without sound, or heavy sound is Ke, smooth expectoration is Sou, but here we translate according to the original text). The Lung governs Qi. Cold exposure to the body or consumption of cold food and drink damages the Lung, causing Qi to rebel and ascend instead of descending, and Qi becomes disordered and fails to consolidate, impacting the diaphragm and throat. This causes a tickling sensation in the throat, as if there were an obstruction, resulting in coughing. In severe cases, it continues incessantly, preventing comfort in sitting or lying down, interrupting speech, causing pain throughout the body upon movement, and the sound can be heard by those nearby.
The origins of cough include those caused by Lung cold, those caused by retained fluids (fluid retention), and those caused by pathogenic factors at the half-exterior half-interior level. Although all are termed cough, their treatments differ. The *Neijing* states: "Why does the Lung cause cough?" The skin and hair follicles are the exterior correspondence of the Lung. When pathogens first invade the skin and hair, they follow this correspondence into the Lung, causing Lung cold. Water drunk enters the stomach and travels up through the Lung meridian to the Lung. If the Lung already has cold, the internal and external pathogens combine and lodge in the Lung, resulting in cough; this is cough due to Lung cold.
In Taiyang disease where the exterior syndrome is unresolved, with fluid retention in the epigastrium, presenting with dry retching, fever, and cough, Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is the primary treatment. In Shaoyin disease, presenting with abdominal pain, difficulty in urination, heaviness and pain in the four limbs, and spontaneous diarrhea, this indicates fluid retention. If the patient also has cough, Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) added with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), Xi Xin (Asarum), and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) is the primary treatment. These two cases belong to cough caused by retained fluids. Although both are caused by fluid retention, Xiao Qing Long Tang treats cough caused by the combination of fluid retention and exterior cold, while Zhen Wu Tang treats cough caused by the combination of fluid retention and interior cold. This must be understood.
In Shanghan wind-strike, presenting with alternating chills and fever, fullness and distress in the chest and hypochondrium, silence with lack of appetite, irritability and frequent vomiting, or accompanied by cough, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used, removing Ren Shen (Ginseng), Da Zao (Jujube), and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and adding Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit). In Shaoyin disease, presenting with cold extremities (Si Ni), if accompanied by cough, Si Ni San (Four Counterflow Powder) added with Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit) is the primary treatment. These two cases belong to cough caused by pathogenic factors transmitting from the exterior to the interior. Although both involve Qi transmitting to the interior, Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats cough caused by Yang pathogens transmitting to the interior and disturbing Lung Qi, while Si Ni San treats cough caused by Yin pathogens transmitting to the interior and disturbing Lung Qi. This must also be understood.
Whether it is exterior cold or interior cold, if it involves fluid retention, it will inevitably disturb the Lung, because cold exposure and cold diet damage the Lung. Whether it is Yang pathogen or Yin pathogen, transmitting from the exterior to the interior will inevitably disturb the Lung, because among the Zang organs, the Lung is located highest. Cough is a disease of the Lung, and treatment must employ dispersing methods. However, there are situations where sweating is contraindicated. The classics state: "If coughing is accompanied by free urination, sweating is contraindicated." If sweating is induced, it leads to cold reversal of the four limbs. It also states: "If coughing is treated with sweating, it leads to fatigue, chest oppression, and abdominal hardness." Although these are adverse reactions, if the pulse is scattered, it indicates Heart Fire punishing Lung Metal (Ghost-Enemy Punishment), which is fatal. One must observe carefully during clinical practice.
The verse says: Coughers with vomiting and asthma often relate to Bladder cold; chills, fever, and toxic firmness value Shaoyang. If it is Shaoyin with frequent diarrhea, four limbs heaviness requires cooling methods.
The Lung governs Qi. If Qi rebels and does not descend, cough occurs. If Heat pathogens attack, Qi becomes dry and stagnant; if Cold pathogens attack, Qi becomes cold and stagnant; if Fluid retention attacks, it conflicts with Qi. Heat, Cold, and Fluid retention all generate Phlegm congestion, which is the origin of cough. Yin-Yang treatment methods are detailed in relevant chapters. Among them, the three syndromes of water-induced cough must be distinguished. Xiao Qing Long Tang treats Taiyang exterior water; Shi Zao Tang treats Taiyang interior water; Zhen Wu Tang treats Yin-syndrome fluid qi. This should be constantly known.
Although so, where lies the main prescription for a specific disease in ancient medicine? The answer is: For cough caused by the combination of water and exterior cold, use Xiao Qing Long Tang to induce sweating; for cough caused by the combination of water and exterior cold (Note: Textual logic seems confused here, previously Zhen Wu Tang was for interior cold, translating literally), use Zhen Wu Tang to warm; for cough caused by interior accumulation combining with water and disturbing the Lung, use Shi Zao Tang to purge.
In Taiyang disease, with body heat, asthma, palpitations in the epigastrium, dry retching, and mild diarrhea, this is fluid in the interior, treated with Xiao Qing Long Tang. If there is difficulty in urination and fullness in the lower abdomen, remove Ma Huang (Ephedra) and add Fu Ling (Poria). If there is fever, aversion to cold, and body pain, use the original formula. If the body is cool, with cough, dry retching, mild diarrhea, epigastric fullness, and pain radiating to the flanks, this is interior water, treated with Shi Zao Tang.
In Shaoyang disease, with alternating chills and fever, hard and painful fullness in the chest and hypochondrium with cough, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang. If there is diarrhea, remove Ren Shen (Ginseng), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and Da Zao (Jujube), and add Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit) and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger).
In Shaoyin disease, with fluid qi cough, heavy and painful four limbs, abdominal discomfort, difficulty in urination, diarrhea, or vomiting, use Zhen Wu Tang added with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger), and Xi Xin (Asarum).
In Shaoyin disease with cough and cold extremities, or abdominal pain, or diarrhea, or palpitations, use Si Ni San (Four Counterflow Powder) added with Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit) and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger).
In Shaoyin disease with cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, insomnia, and diarrhea, use Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction).
For hot cough, use Jin Fei Cao San (Golden Whorlwort Powder). If spitting pus and blood, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) added with Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) decocted in soup.
For cough with headache, no aversion to cold, high fever, and heat/pain in the umbilical/abdominal region, purgation is required, using Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction). Zhang Shi said: "If after sweating the disease persists with abdominal fullness and pain, urgent purgation is needed, using Da Cheng Qi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction)." He also said: "Abdominal fullness and pain indicate excess, treat with Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)."
For cough with abdominal fullness and vomiting, use Da Ban Xia Tang (Major Pinellia Decoction). After resolving, if there is Stomach cold with anorexia, use Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Ju Pi (Tangerine Peel), Ban Xia (Pinellia), Fu Ling (Poria), Xi Xin (Asarum), and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit). For excessive phlegm, use Er Chen Tang (Two Aged Decoction) added with Xi Xin (Asarum) and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Fruit). The general prescription for treating cough is Da Ju Pi Tang (Major Tangerine Peel Decoction).
After six or seven days of diarrhea, with cough, vomiting, thirst, irritability, and insomnia, use Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction). If the exterior is unresolved, with fluid in the heart/epigastrium, dry retching, fever, and cough, use Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction). If there is difficulty in urination and fullness in the lower abdomen, use Qing Long Tang (Blue Dragon Decoction) removing Ma Huang (Ephedra) and adding Fu Ling (Poria).
**She Gan San (Belamcanda Powder)**: Treats Shanghan cough with shortness of breath, wheezing, dry cough without phlegm, and sensation of obstruction in the throat.
Ingredients: She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removed heart), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried, slightly yellow, pith removed, 1 liang each), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked until slightly yellow, 3 qian each), Bai He (Lilii Bulbus, 2 qian), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Chai Hu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction)**: Treats Shanghan cough,烦热 (restless heat), pain in four limbs joints, head, and eyes.
Ingredients: Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 1.5 liang, removed sprouts), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked slightly yellow), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, sliced), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhi Zi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, 1 liang each), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow, 3 qian each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water.
**Chen Ju Pi San (Aged Tangerine Peel Powder)** (From *Huo Ren Shu*): Treats spring/winter Shanghan and autumn/summer cold-warm coughs, with ringing in the throat and rebellious Qi unable to descend.
Ingredients: Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, white pith removed, dried), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, fried slightly yellow), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Cut the eight ingredients. Boil in 7 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Divide into three doses. If not cured, re-decoct. Avoid Hai Zao (Sargassum), Song Cai (Chinese Cabbage), and raw Cong (Scallion). Another method adds 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) for decoction.
**Xing Ren Tang (Apricot Kernel Decoction)**: Treats Shanghan Lung congestion, cough with rebellious Qi, throat Qi rebellion, or aversion to cold, clear nasal discharge.
Ingredients: Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, 0.5 liang), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, removed black heart), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, sliced and dried), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, white pith removed, dried, 0.5 liang each), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix, 1 qian), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, fried, 1.5 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, sliced), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes, boiled in water to skim foam), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed coarse bark, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct to 7 fen, remove dregs, take warm.
**Another Prescription** (From Yang Zijian's *Hu Ming Fang*): Treats Shanghan with high fever, head and body pain, chest/diaphragm discomfort, cough with much phlegm.
Ingredients: Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes, boiled to skim foam, dried), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, removed heart), She Gan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, fried, 1 qian each), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, fried, 1 qian each), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, removed rhizome head, 0.5 liang), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix... dosage missing in text). Another version includes Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix).
**Kuan Dong Hua San (Coltsfoot Flower Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough with inability to breathe freely.
Ingredients: Kuan Dong Hua (Farfarae Flos), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Bai Bu (Stemonae Radix), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 3 qian each).
Preparation: Grind and sieve into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs.
**Xuan Fu Hua San (Inula Flower Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough with runny nose, foul-smelling sputum, and chest/heart oppression.
Ingredients: Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Chi Shao Yao San (Red Peony Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough pulling into heart and abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, removed rhizome head), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, pith removed, dried), Bai Fu Ling (White Poria, 3 qian each), Tao Ren (Persicae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, lightly fried, slightly yellow), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, removed coarse bark), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Qian Hu San (Peucedani Radix Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough, headache, eye pain, phlegm stagnation in chest/diaphragm causing discomfort.
Ingredients: Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix), Bai Bu (Stemonae Radix), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked until slightly yellow, 3 qian each), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, 1 liang, removed rhizome head), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Ren Shen San (Ginseng Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough, vomiting/reversal, inability to accept food.
Ingredients: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, removed rhizome head), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, white pith removed, dried), Zi Su Jing Ye (Perillae Caulis et Folium), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil, 0.5 liang each), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 qian, washed seven times in water to remove slipperiness), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced).
Preparation: Cut and grind/sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Sheng Gan Di Huang San (Raw Dried Rehmannia Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough with hemoptysis.
Ingredients: Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Che Qian Zi (Plantaginis Semen), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil), Lu Jiao Jiao (Cornu Cervi Collare Glutinum, crushed and fried until yellow and dry, 0.5 liang each), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria, 3 qian), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Bai He San Formula** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough, edema of head/eyes extending to back/shoulders, shortness of breath, difficulty in urination and defecation.
Ingredients: Bai He (Lilii Bulbus), Yu Li Ren (Pruni Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, lightly fried), Da Fu Pi (Arecae Pericarpium, sliced), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Zi Su Jing Ye (Perillae Caulis et Folium), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, pith removed, dried, 3 qian each), Ting Li Zi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii et Descuraniae, fried between papers until purple), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Han Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add water... (text cuts off).
**Tian Men Dong San (Asparagus Root Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough with continuous chest and back pain.
Ingredients: Tian Men Dong (Asparagi Radix, removed heart), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried, slightly yellow, pith removed), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked until slightly yellow), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix... dosage missing). Decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
**Ma Huang San (Ephedra Powder)** (From *Sheng Hui Fang*): Treats Shanghan cough, chest/diaphragm congestion, mental restlessness.
Ingredients: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked until slightly yellow, 3 qian each), Chuan Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, sliced), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 1 qian each), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Zhu Ling (Polypori Sclerotium, removed black skin), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried, slightly yellow, pith removed, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add water... (text cuts off).
**Treats Shanghan cough, nasal congestion/stuffiness, large intestine Qi stagnation.**
Ingredients: Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian), Bai He (Lilii Bulbus), Chuan Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, sliced, crushed, lightly fried), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried, slightly yellow, pith removed, 1 liang), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Sheng Gan Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, white pith removed, dried), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Sang Gen Bai Pi San (Mulberry Root Bark Powder)**: Treats Shanghan Lung-heat cough, thick/sticky sputum, back tightness, dry mouth/headache, constipation.
Ingredients: Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Bai Qian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix), Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix, removed heart, 1.5 liang each), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Chuan Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, sliced, crushed, slightly yellow fried, 1 liang each), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 0.5 liang each), Chuan Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, 3 qian).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Treats Shanghan cough, clear nasal discharge, reduced appetite.**
Ingredients: Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, removed rhizome head), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, removed coarse bark), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, pith removed, dried), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and 3 jujubes, decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs, take warm, anytime.
**Shi Gao San (Gypsum Powder)**: Treats Shanghan headache/cough, high fever, four-limb soreness/pain.
Ingredients: Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix, sliced), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts, 1 liang each), Zi Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica, 3 qian each), Chuan Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and 50 dou (fermented soybeans), decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Xi Xin San (Asarum Powder)**: Treats Shanghan cough, shortness of breath, nasal congestion.
Ingredients: Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, removed rhizome head), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, roasted, peeled, navel removed), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow), Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix, removed rhizome head), Bai He (Lilii Bulbus, 3 qian each), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, removed coarse bark), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, washed, removed sprouts and soil), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, roasted, sliced), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, removed rhizome head), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 0.5 liang each), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 1 liang, removed coarse bark, coated with fresh ginger juice, roasted until fragrant).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and 3 jujubes, decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Ma Huang San (Ephedra Powder)**: Treats Shanghan wind-cold entering Lung, incessant cough.
Ingredients: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 liang, removed roots and nodes), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix, removed rhizome head), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Zi Su (Perillae Folium, lightly fried), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each), Gui Xin (Cinnamomi Ramulus Cortex), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 1 qian each).
Preparation: Make into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose, decoct like tea for 5-7 boils. Take warm at any time.
**Tian Men Dong Wan (Asparagus Pill)**: Treats Shanghan Lung/Heart congestion cough, bitter taste, shortness of breath.
Ingredients: Tian Men Dong (Asparagi Radix, 1 liang, removed heart, dried), Han Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Ting Li Zi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii et Descuraniae, fried between papers until purple), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried, slightly yellow, pith removed), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 3 qian each).
Preparation: Make into fine powder, mix with refined honey, pound 100-200 times. Form pills like tung seeds. Take 20 pills at any time, washed down with Ginger Decoction. 3-4 times daily.
**Zao Jiao Wan (Soap Pod Pill)**: Treats Shanghan Qi congestion cough, throat/chest/diaphragm discomfort, wheezing.
Ingredients: Zao Jiao (Gleditsiae Fructus, 0.5 jin, non-bitten ones soaked in 3 sheng of child's urine for 3 days, take juice, remove dregs, boil in silver vessel until paste-like), Bai He (Lilii Bulbus), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus, baked until slightly yellow), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, bran-fried, slightly yellow), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, slightly red, sliced, 1 liang each), Zao Jiao (5 pods, removed black skin, coated with butter, roasted until dry, seeds removed).
Preparation: Make into fine powder, mix with Zao Jiao paste, pound 100-200 times. Form pills like tung seeds. Take 20 pills at any time, washed down with clear rice broth.
**Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction)**: Treats Shanghan cough, day and night incessant.
Ingredients: Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes, boiled to skim foam, dried), Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Chi Fu Ling (Red Poria, removed black skin, 1 liang each), Ji Su Jing Ye (Elsholtziae Spica et Folium), Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, sliced, 0.5 liang each), Zi Wan (Asterni Radix, removed sprouts and soil, 0.5 liang), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1.5 liang), Ting Li (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii et Descuraniae, lightly fried, 1 qian), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed coarse bark, 1 liang).
Preparation: Pound and sieve. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, smashed 0.5 fen of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger), and 3 jujubes split open. Decoct together to 8 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Wu Wei Zi Yin (Schisandra Drink)**: Treats Shanghan cough.
Ingredients: Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, fried), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes, boiled to skim foam, dried), Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel, soaked in water, white pith removed, fried, 1 liang each), E Jiao (Colla Corii Asini, honey-fried until dry, 1 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, sliced), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, fried, 0.5 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct together to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Zi Su Tang (Perilla Decoction)**: Treats Shanghan cough.
Ingredients: Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium, 1 liang), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, removed roots and nodes, boiled to skim foam, dried, 1.5 liang), Xing Ren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, soaked in water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, fried, 2 liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, sliced, 0.5 liang).
Preparation: Coarsely grind and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct to 6 fen, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
**Jia Jian Zhen Wu Tang (Modified True Warrior Decoction)** (From *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*): Mainly for Shaoyin syndrome. Unresolved after 2-3 days, progressing to 4-5 days with abdominal pain, difficulty in urination, heavy four limbs...
Ingredients: Bai Fu Ling (White Poria, removed black skin), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, fried, 3 qian each), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, one piece, roasted, peeled, navel removed), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, removed sprouts and leaves), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, roasted, 1 qian each).
Preparation: Cut like hemp beans. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 zhongs of water and 4 slices of Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger). Decoct to 8 fen, remove dregs. Take warm.
**Qian Hu Tang (Peucedani Radix Decoction)** (From *Sheng Ji Zong Lu*): Treats Shanghan cough with phlegm/sputum, chest/diaphragm discomfort, dizziness.