夫肾者。水脏。膀胱者。津液之府。二经为表里。伤寒热入于脏。流于少阴之经。则肾
受病矣。水恶燥。热盛则燥。故渴而引饮。又伤寒邪气。非发汗吐下。则不能除。发汗吐下
过甚。则亡津液耗少。热气内生。亦令渴也。伤寒病。烦渴者。发汗吐下以后。脏腑空虚。
津液竭绝。肾家有余热。故使其烦渴也。伤寒渴者。里有热也。伤寒之邪。自表传至里。则
必有各证随其邪浅深而见焉。虽曰一日在皮。二日在肤。三日在肌。四日在胸。五日在腹。
六日入胃。其传经者。又有证形焉。太阳主气。而先受邪。当一二日发。头项痛而腰脊强者
是矣。太阳传阳明。则二三日发。身热。目疼鼻干。不得卧也。阳明传少阳。三四日。胸膈
痛而耳聋。此三阳皆受病。为邪在表。而犹未甚作热。故不言渴。至四五日。少阳传太阴。
则邪气渐入里。寒邪渐成热。当此之时也。津液耗少。故腹满而溢干。至五六日。太阴传少
阴。是里热又渐深也。当此之时也。则津液为热所传。渐耗而干。故口燥舌干而渴。及至六
七日。则少阴之邪传于厥阴。厥阴之为病。消渴。为里热已极矣。所谓消渴者。饮水多而小
便少。是谓热能消水也。所谓伤寒病。至六七日。而渴欲饮水。为欲愈之病。以其传经已尽
故也。是以厥阴病。云渴欲饮水。少少与之愈者是也。邪气初传入里。热气散漫。未收敛成
热。里蒸焦膈。传耗津液。遂成渴也。病患虽渴欲饮水。又不可多与之。若饮水过多。热少
不能消。故复为停饮诸疾。经曰。凡得时气病。至五六日。渴欲饮水。水饮不能多。勿多与
也。何者。以腹中热尚少。不能消之。便更与人作病也。若大渴欲饮水。犹当根据证与之。与
之常令不足。勿极意也。言能饮一斗。与五升。又曰。渴欲饮水。少少与之。但以法救之。
渴者宜五苓散。至于大渴欲饮水数升者。白虎加人参汤主之。皆欲润其燥。而生津液也。凡
得病。反能饮水。此为欲愈之病。其不晓病者。但闻病饮水自瘥。小渴者。乃强与饮之。因
成大祸。不可复救。然则悸动也。交结也。喘咳。噎哕。干呕。肿满。小便不利。数者。皆
是饮水过伤。而诊病之工。当须识此。勿令误也。
歌括云。热气熏蒸。津液耗少。所以发渴。热邪深浅。条例不同。然是渴者。大热。里
有热也。
或曰。又经外证。犹少阴曰渴。厥阴属肝。心之母也。病主消渴。饮水多而小便少。是
其里热也极已。子气乘母。于是挟心火以为烦。惟烦则消矣。凡烦证用药。并去半夏。以其
烦躁而逐水也。若先呕后渴者。则为欲解。当与之水。先渴后呕者。则为水停心下。属赤茯
汤。
活人书曰。脉浮。渴。属太阳寒表不解。心下有水气而渴者。小青龙去半夏。加栝蒌汤。
太阳病。桂枝证。大汗出后。大烦渴者。白虎加人参、栝蒌。脉浮。小便不利。微热。消渴
者。五苓散。伤寒四五日。身热恶风。胁下满。手足温而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。加人参、栝
蒌根主之。太阳证。身体拘热而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。为风温。栝蒌根汤主之。有汗而渴者。
属阳明。白虎加人参汤主之。虚人老人。及春秋月。可与竹叶石膏汤。阳明病。但头汗出。
小便不利。渴引水浆。身必发黄。茵陈汤。小柴胡去半夏。加人参、栝蒌根汤。伤气寒热。
或发热恶风而渴。属少阳。少阳胁下硬。不大便。而舌上白胎而渴。小柴胡去半夏。加人参
栝蒌根汤。自利而渴。属少阴。伤寒。热入于脏。流于少阴之经。少阴主肾。肾恶燥。故渴
而引饮。少阴下利。咳而呕渴。猪苓汤主之。不利。欲饮水者。以有热也。白头翁汤主之。
切戒太阳证无汗而渴者。不可与白虎汤。仲景云。渴欲饮水。无表证者。白虎加人参汤。脉
浮。发热无汗。是表未解也。不可与白虎汤。意以小柴胡去半夏。加栝蒌人参也。伤寒四五
日。身热恶风。胁下不满。手足温而渴者。小柴胡去半夏。加栝蒌、人参也。阳明证。汗多
而渴者。不可与五苓散。汗多胃中燥者。苓。复利小便故也。意以竹叶汤与之。仲景云。阳
明病发作者。有时汗出。多言。急下之。然太阳病渴。终不可与白虎耶。太阳证。得汗后。
脉洪大而渴者。方可与之也。阳明病渴。终不可与五苓散耶。阳明证。小便不利。汗少。脉
浮而渴者。方可与之。此皆仲景之妙也。仲景猪苓汤证。亦云脉浮发热。渴饮水。小便不利
者。猪苓汤主之。凡病非大渴。不可与水。小渴。咽干者。少少呷。滋润之。令胃中和。若
大渴烦躁甚。能饮一斗者。与五升饮之。若全不与。则干燥无由作汗。发喘而死。常人见因
渴饮水得汗。小渴遂剧饮之。致停饮心下满结。喘死者甚众。当以五苓散。或陷胸丸与之。
得时气。至五六日。而渴欲饮水。水不能多。不当与也。何者。以腹中热尚少。不能消
之。便更为人作病矣。至七八日。大渴欲饮水。犹当根据证与。常令不足。勿极意也。凡人但
见仲景云。得病反能饮水。此为愈。遂小渴者。乃强饮之。因成其祸。不可胜数。大抵伤寒
水气。皆因饮水过多。致水停心下。气上乘心。则为悸为咳。结于胸胁。则为水结胸。胃中
虚冷。则呕。为哕。令气相搏。则为噎。上迫于肺。则为咳。渍入肠中。则为利。邪热所搏。
蓄
黑奴丸主之。中暑伏热深。累取不瘥。其人发咳不已。酒蒸黄连丸主之。伤寒有所不利者。
行之。取其渗泄也。渴而饮。停者有躁。而烦满者。有病气去。而水气不得行者。其表里得
见烦躁。口燥欲饮水。水入即病气去。而水气不得化。头痛发热。身疼痛。欲饮水者。有发
热汗出。复恶寒。不呕。心下痞者。并宜五苓散。其脉浮。发热。渴欲饮水。小便不利。少
阴病。下利。六七日。咳而呕渴。心烦不得眠者。宜与猪苓散。其大病瘥后。从腰以下。有
水气者。牡蛎泽泻散。此利水道。渗泄之意也。口燥咽干。脾脏有热。则津液故少。令口燥
而舌干。仲景云。伤寒无热。口燥渴而烦。背微寒者。白虎汤加人参也。又云。阳明病。渴
欲饮水。口干舌燥者。白虎加人参汤主之。若咽干者。慎不可发汗。发汗则重亡津液。少阳
证。口苦咽干者。小柴胡汤。少阴证。口燥咽干者。急下之。病患默默欲眠。目不能闭。起
居不安。其声嗄。或咽干者。当作孤惑治之。
方
人参散 治伤寒大汗后。烦渴。热不解。脉大者。
人参（一两去芦头） 知母（一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 石膏（二两） 上捣粗
。罗为
散。每服五钱。水一大盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
猪苓散 治伤寒脉浮。发热。渴欲饮水。小便不利。
猪苓（去黑皮） 赤茯苓 秦艽（去芦头） 滑石 泽泻（以上各一两） 甘草（半两
炙微赤
锉）
犀角散（出圣惠方）治伤寒身体大热。小便黄赤。烦渴不止。心中闷绝。言语
错乱。睡多惊
犀角屑（一两） 人参（三分去芦头） 赤茯苓（半两） 茵陈（半两） 细辛（半两）
陈橘皮
（半两汤浸去白瓤） 麻黄（半两去根节） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每
服五钱。
水一大盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
黄芩散（出圣惠方）治伤寒吐下后。内外有热。烦渴不止。
黄芩 人参（去芦头） 甘草（炙微赤锉） 麦门冬（去心） 柴胡 葛根（锉以上各
一两）
桂心（半两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服二钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。枣二枚。煎至五分。
去
滓。不计时候。温服。
栝蒌根散（出圣惠方）治伤寒大肠秘涩。烦躁不止。
栝蒌根（一两） 黄芩（一两） 人参（半两去芦头） 川大黄（一两锉碎微炒） 栀
子仁（半
两） 川芒硝（一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。
煎至
五分。去滓。不计时候服。如人行十里。再服。以利为度。
治伤寒下后。烦渴。宜服此方。（出圣惠方）
麦门冬（一两去心） 五味子（一两） 人参（一两去芦头） 甘草（一两炙微赤锉圣
济作半
两） 石膏（一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。煎至五分。不计时候。去滓。
温服。
土瓜根散（出圣惠方）治伤寒烦渴不止。
土瓜根（一两） 麦门冬（一两去心） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 枇杷叶（半两拭去毛
炙微黄
圣济作一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服四钱。水一中盏。煎至六分。不计时候。去滓。温服。
圣
黄 散（出圣惠方）治伤寒烦渴不止。
黄 （锉） 麦门冬（去心） 黄芩 葛根（锉） 枇杷叶（拭去毛炙微黄） 栀子仁 人
参
（去芦头） 赤茯苓 柴胡（去苗） 赤芍药 甘草（炙微赤锉以上各半两） 上捣粗。罗
为散。
每服
茵陈散（出圣惠方）治伤寒头项汗出。身体无汗。小便不利。渴欲饮水者。是
瘀热在里。身
茵陈 栀子仁 川大黄（锉碎微炒） 木通（锉以上各一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 上
捣
粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。如人行十里。再服。
以小便快利为度。
石膏汤（出圣惠方）治伤寒已大汗后。不利。其人烦渴不解。其脉洪大。
石膏 知母 地骨皮 甘草（炙微赤锉） 人参（去芦头各一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。
每服
五钱。水一大盏。入粳米一百粒。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
麻黄散（出圣惠方）治伤寒壮热。烦渴。头痛。
麻黄（去根节） 葛根（锉） 知母 柴胡 栀子仁 陈橘皮（汤浸去白瓤焙） 甘草
（炙微
赤锉以上各半两） 石膏（二两）上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎
至
五分。去滓。不计时候。温服。
麦门冬散（出圣惠方）治伤寒下后。上气。烦渴不止。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 人参（去芦头） 葛根（锉） 甘草（炙微赤锉） 石膏 芎
桑
根白皮（锉各一两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。
温服。
半夏散（出圣惠方）治伤寒呕吐。烦欲饮水。
半夏（三分汤洗七次去滑） 芦根（一两锉） 赤茯苓 泽泻（三分） 桂心（半两） 甘
草
（一分炙微赤锉） 麦门冬（三分去心） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入生姜
半分。
煎
治伤寒头痛。骨节烦疼。或已吐下。余热不尽。口干烦渴。
麻黄（去根节一两） 知母（一两半） 葛根（一两半锉） 石膏（二两半圣济作两半）
甘草
（一两炙微赤锉） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。煎至五分。去滓。不计时候。
温
服。圣济名葛根麻黄汤。
竹茹饮子（出圣惠方）治伤寒吐利后。烦渴不止。
青竹茹（一鸡子大） 人参（去芦头半两） 乌梅肉（二枚） 上件药。细锉。水一大
盏。煎
至五分。去滓。不计时候。温。频服。
青葙子丸（出圣惠方）治伤寒后。热结在胸膈。烦渴。
青葙子（二两外台作五两） 黄芩（一两） 龙胆（一两去芦头外台作三两） 栀子仁
（一两）
苦参（锉一两） 黄柏（锉一两外台作二两） 栝蒌根（一两） 上捣罗为末。炼蜜为丸如
桐子
大。
治伤寒心神热躁。口干烦渴。（出圣惠方）
秦艽（一两去苗） 上细锉。以牛乳一大盏。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。分温二服。
又方（出圣惠方）
栝蒌（二两） 上捣粗。罗为散。每服三钱。水一中盏。入新竹叶二十七片。煎至五分。
去滓。不计时候。温服。圣济不用竹叶。
知母汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒数日不解。心躁烦乱。小腹胀急。脐下闷痛。大
渴喘之。
知母（焙） 芍药 麦门冬（去心焙） 柴胡（去苗） 泽泻（各三分） 石膏（一两
半） 黄芩
（去黑心） 甘草（炙各半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一盏。入生姜一枣大。拍碎。竹
叶三
七
葛根饮（出圣济总录）治伤寒头痛。燥渴。不得眠睡。四肢烦痛。
葛根（锉） 黄芩 大青 石膏（碎） 人参（各一两） 甘草（炙半两） 上粗捣筛。
每服三
钱。水一盏。煎至六分。去滓。温服。
葛根石膏汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒下后。头疼。口干烦渴。
葛根（锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 黄芩（去黑心） 升麻（各一两） 石膏（碎一两半）
甘草
（炙半两） 上粗捣筛。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓。温服。不拘时。
黄芩芦根汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒吐下后。内外有热。烦渴不止。
黄芩（去黑心） 芦根 人参 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 桂（去粗皮半两） 上粗捣
筛。每
服五钱。水一盏半。入生姜一枣大。拍碎。枣三枚。擘破。同煎至八分。去滓。温服。不拘
时。
芍药黄连汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒温病吐下。有余热。烦渴不止。
The Kidney is the Zang organ of Water, and the Bladder is the Fu organ of Body Fluids. These two meridians are exteriorly-interiorly related. When pathogenic heat from Cold Damage invades the Zang organs and flows into the Shaoyin meridian, the Kidney becomes diseased. Water abhors dryness; when heat is excessive, it causes dryness, leading to thirst and a desire to drink. Furthermore, pathogenic factors in Cold Damage cannot be eliminated unless through sweating, vomiting, or purging. If these methods are used excessively, Body Fluids are lost and depleted, internal heat arises, which also causes thirst. In Cold Damage, vexatious thirst occurs after sweating, vomiting, or purging have left the Zang-Fu organs empty and Body Fluids exhausted, with residual heat in the Kidney causing this condition. Thirst in Cold Damage indicates interior heat. Pathogenic factors from Cold Damage transmit from the exterior to the interior, presenting various symptoms corresponding to the depth of the pathogen. Although it is said that on the first day the pathogen is in the skin, on the second day in the flesh, on the third day in the muscles, on the fourth day in the chest, on the fifth day in the abdomen, and on the sixth day in the Stomach, transmitted diseases present different symptom patterns. Taiyang governs Qi and is the first to receive pathogens, typically manifesting on days one or two with headache, stiff neck, and back stiffness. When Taiyang transmits to Yangming, it manifests on days two or three with fever, eye pain, nasal dryness, and inability to sleep. When Yangming transmits to Shaoyang, it manifests on days three or four with chest and diaphragm pain and deafness. These three Yang meridians are affected by exterior pathogens that have not yet generated significant heat, so thirst is not mentioned. By days four or five, Shaoyang transmits to Taiyin, meaning the pathogen gradually enters the interior, and cold pathogens transform into heat. At this time, Body Fluids are depleted, causing abdominal fullness and dry mouth. By days five or six, Taiyin transmits to Shaoyin, indicating deeper interior heat. Here, Body Fluids are consumed by heat, becoming dry, resulting in dry mouth, dry tongue, and thirst. By days six or seven, Shaoyin pathogens transmit to Jueyin. The disease of Jueyin involves Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), as interior heat is at its peak. Xiao Ke refers to drinking much water but producing little urine, known as heat consuming water. In Cold Damage, if thirst for water appears on days six or seven, it indicates impending recovery because the transmission cycle is complete. Thus, for Jueyin disease, "desire for water, give small amounts to heal" applies. When pathogens initially enter the interior, heat is diffuse and has not condensed into solid heat. Interior steaming scorches the diaphragm and consumes Body Fluids, forming thirst. Although patients desire water, large amounts should not be given. Excessive drinking overwhelms the slight heat, leading to fluid retention diseases. The Classics state: "For seasonal epidemic diseases, by days five or six, if there is thirst for water, do not drink too much; do not give large amounts." This is because interior heat is insufficient to metabolize the water, potentially causing new pathology. If extreme thirst exists, water should be given according to the syndrome, but always leaving some unmet, never satisfying completely. For example, if one can drink one dou, give only five sheng. It is also stated: "Desire for water, give small amounts; rescue according to principles. For thirst, Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is suitable. For extreme thirst desiring several sheng, Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) is indicated." These aim to moisten dryness and generate Body Fluids. Generally, ability to drink water indicates impending recovery. Unskilled practitioners, hearing that drinking cures illness, force water upon those with mild thirst, causing disaster. However, palpitations, chest binding, wheezing/coughing, hiccups, dry retching, swelling/fullness, and dysuria are all caused by excessive water intake. Physicians must recognize this to avoid errors.
The verse states: Steaming heat depletes Body Fluids, causing thirst. Different depths of heat require different treatments. However, thirst generally indicates severe interior heat.
Question: Besides meridian syndromes, Shaoyin mentions thirst. Jueyin belongs to Liver, the mother of Heart. Its main manifestation is Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), drinking much but urinating little, indicating extreme interior heat. Sub-element qi attacking mother element combines with Heart Fire to cause vexation. Only vexation consumes fluids. In treating vexation formulas, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) is removed because it promotes water elimination. If vomiting precedes thirst, resolution is near; water may be given. If thirst precedes vomiting, water retention in the epigastrium is diagnosed, treated with Chifu Tang (Red Poria Decoction).
*Huoren Shu* (Book of Vitality) states: Floating pulse with thirst indicates Taiyang exterior cold unresolved. Thirst due to fluid retention in the epigastrium is treated with Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) minus Banxia, plus Gualou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix). For Taiyang disease, Guizhi pattern, after profuse sweating, severe vexation and thirst are treated with Baihu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Ginseng) and Gualou. Floating pulse, dysuria, slight fever, and Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst) are treated with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Cold Damage on days four or five, with fever, aversion to wind, hypochondriac fullness, warm hands/feet, and thirst, is treated with Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) minus Banxia, plus Renshen (Ginseng) and Gualou Gen. Taiyang syndrome with body stiffness, fever, and thirst is Wind-Warmth, treated with Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia and Gualou Gen Tang. Sweating with thirst indicates Yangming, treated with Baihu Jia Renshen Tang. Deficient elderly persons, or those in spring/autumn, may use Zhuyegao Shi Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Oyster Shell Decoction). Yangming disease with head-only sweating, dysuria, thirst for fluids, and jaundice is treated with Yinchin Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction). Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Renshen and Gualou Gen. Qi-injury with chills/fever, fever/aversion to wind, and thirst indicates Shaoyang. Shaoyang hypochondriac hardness, constipation, white tongue coating, and thirst are treated with Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Renshen and Gualou Gen. Spontaneous diarrhea with thirst indicates Shaoyin. Cold Damage heat entering Zang organs and flowing into Shaoyin meridian: Shaoyin governs Kidney, which abhors dryness, causing thirst. Shaoyin diarrhea with cough, vomiting, and thirst is treated with Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction). No diarrhea but desire to drink indicates heat, treated with Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatillae Decoction). Strictly forbid Baiku Tang (White Tiger Decoction) for Taiyang syndrome without sweating and with thirst. Zhang Zhongjing states: "Desire for water without exterior syndrome uses Baihu Jia Renshen Tang. Floating pulse, fever, no sweating means exterior unresolved; do not use Baiku Tang." Use Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Gualou and Renshen. Cold Damage days four or five, fever, aversion to wind, non-full hypochondrium, warm extremities, thirst: Xiaochaihu Tang minus Banxia, plus Gualou and Renshen. Yangming syndrome with profuse sweating and thirst: do not use Wuling San, as sweating dries the Stomach, and Wuling San further promotes diuresis. Use Zhuye Tang instead. Zhang Zhongjing says: "Yangming disease attacks with periodic sweating, delirium; urgent purging is needed." Can Taiyang thirst never use Baiku Tang? After sweating in Taiyang, if pulse is surging-large and thirsty, it may be used. Can Yangming thirst never use Wuling San? If Yangming presents with dysuria, scant sweating, floating pulse, and thirst, it may be used. These are Zhang Zhongjing's subtleties. Zhu Ling Tang syndrome also states: "Floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria: Zhu Ling Tang." For non-extreme thirst, do not give water. Mild thirst/dry throat: sip slowly to moisten and harmonize Stomach Qi. Extreme thirst/vexation, capable of drinking one dou: give five sheng. Without water, dryness prevents sweating, leading to death by wheezing. Laypeople see sweating after drinking and force water on mild thirst, causing fluid retention, chest fullness, and death by wheezing. Use Wuling San or Xianxiong Wan (Trap-the-Chest Pill). Seasonal epidemics days five or six, thirst for water but limited intake: do not give. Interior heat is low, cannot metabolize water, causing pathology. Days seven or eight, extreme thirst: give according to syndrome, but leave unmet. Many follow Zhang Zhongjing's "drinking indicates recovery" and force water on mild thirst, causing countless disasters. Generally, Cold Damage fluid issues stem from excessive drinking, causing fluid retention in the epigastrium, Qi rising to Heart causing palpitations/cough; binding in chest/hypochondrium causes Water-Binding Chest; Stomach deficiency-cold causes vomiting/hiccups; Qi conflict causes choking; pressing Lung causes cough; entering Intestines causes diarrhea; Heat binding causes accumulation... Heinu Wan (Black Slave Pill) treats accumulated heat. Summerheat with deep latent heat, persistent cough: Jiuzheng Huanglian Wan (Wine-Steamed Coptis Pill). Cold Damage obstruction: promote permeability. Thirst with drinking, retention with restlessness, fullness with vexation: pathogen gone but water qi stagnant. Exterior/interior vexation, dry mouth/thirst, water enters then pathology returns, headache/fever/body ache, desire for water, fever/sweating/aversion to cold/non-vomiting/epigastric stuffiness: all suit Wuling San. Floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria: Shaoyin diarrhea days six/seven, cough/vomit/thirst, vexation/insomnia: Zhu Ling San. Post-major illness, edema below waist: Muli Zexie San (Oyster Shell and Alisma Decoction). This promotes water channels and permeability. Dry mouth/throat, Spleen heat depletes Body Fluids, causing dry mouth/tongue. Zhang Zhongjing: "Cold Damage no fever, dry mouth/thirst/vexation, slight back chill: Baiku Tang plus Renshen." Also: "Yangming thirst/dry mouth/tongue: Baihu Jia Renshen Tang." If dry throat, forbid sweating, as it depletes fluids. Shaoyang bitter taste/dry throat: Xiaochaihu Tang. Shaoyin dry mouth/throat: urgent purging. Patient silent, sleepy, eyes unable to close, restless, hoarse voice, or dry throat: treat as Guhuo Disease (Huo-Sickness).
Formulas:
Renshen San (Ginseng Powder): Treats post-profuse sweating vexation/thirst, unresolved heat, large pulse.
Renshen (Ginseng Root, 1 liang, remove rhizome), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 0.5 liang, honey-fried slightly red, crushed), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, with 1 da zhan water, add 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Zhu Ling San (Polyporus Powder): Treats floating pulse, fever, thirst, dysuria.
Zhuling (Polyporus, remove black skin), Chifuling (Red Poria), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, remove rhizome), Huashi (Talcum), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed).
Xijiao San (Rhino Horn Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats high fever, yellow-red urine, incessant vexation/thirst, chest oppression, delirium, somnolence/startle.
Xijiao xie (Rhino Cornu, 1 liang), Renshen (3 qian, remove rhizome), Chifuling (0.5 liang), Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, 0.5 liang), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Chenjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 0.5 liang, hot water soak, remove white pith), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 0.5 liang, remove roots/joints), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Huangqin San (Scutellariae Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-vomiting/purging interior/exterior heat, incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Renshen, Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix, remove heart), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, crushed, each 1 liang), Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex, 0.5 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 2 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, 2 jujubes, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Gualou Gen San (Trichosanthis Radix Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats constipation, incessant vexation.
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 1 liang), Huangqin (1 liang), Renshen (0.5 liang, remove rhizome), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, crushed, slightly stir-fried), Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen, 0.5 liang), Chuan Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take anytime. Repeat after walking 10 li. Stop when bowel movement occurs.
Formula for post-purging vexation/thirst [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Maidong (1 liang, remove heart), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 1 liang), Renshen (1 liang, remove rhizome), Gancao (1 liang, honey-fried, crushed; *Shengji Zonglu* says 0.5 liang), Shigao (1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Tugua Gen San (Melothriae Radix Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats incessant vexation/thirst.
Tugua gen (Melothriae Radix, 1 liang), Maidong (1 liang, remove heart), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed), Pipaye (Loquat Leaf, 0.5 liang, brush off hairs, fry slightly yellow; *Shengji Zonglu* says 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 4 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, decoct to 0.6 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Sheng... Huang... San [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqi (Astragali Radix, crushed), Maidong (remove heart), Huangqin, Gegen (crushed), Pipaye (brush hairs, fry yellow), Zhizi Ren, Renshen (remove rhizome), Chifuling, Chaihu (remove seedlings), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed, each 0.5 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take...
Yinchen San (Artemisiae Scopariae Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats head/neck sweating, body no sweat, dysuria, thirst. Stagnant heat in interior.
Yinchen, Zhizi Ren, Chuan Dahuang (crushed, stir-fried), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed, each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. Repeat after walking 10 li. Stop when urination is smooth.
Shigao Tang (Gypsum Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-profuse sweating, unresolved vexation/thirst, surging-large pulse.
Shigao, Zhimu, Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Renshen (remove rhizome, each 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, add 100 grains of Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Germ), decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Mahuang San (Ephedra Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats high fever, vexation/thirst, headache.
Mahuang (remove roots/joints), Gegen, Zhimu, Chaihu, Zhizi Ren, Chenjupi (soak, remove pith, bake), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed, each 0.5 liang), Shigao (2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Maidong San (Ophiopogon Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-purbing rebellious Qi, incessant vexation/thirst.
Maidong (remove heart), Wuweizi, Renshen (remove rhizome), Gegen (crushed), Gancao (honey-fried, crushed), Shigao, Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, crushed, each 1 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Banxia San (Pinellia Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats vomiting, desire to drink due to vexation.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 qian, wash 7 times in hot water to remove slipperiness), Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma, 1 liang, crushed), Chifuling, Zexie (3 qian), Guixin (0.5 liang), Gancao (1 qian, honey-fried, crushed), Maidong (3 qian, remove heart). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, 0.5 fen ginger, decoct...
Treats headache, bone/joint pain, post-vomiting/purging residual heat, dry mouth/vexation/thirst.
Mahuang (1 liang, remove roots/joints), Zhimu (1.5 liang), Gegen (1.5 liang, crushed), Shigao (2.5 liang; *Shengji Zonglu* says 2 liang), Gancao (1 liang, honey-fried, crushed). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 5 qian, 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. Named Gegen Mahuang Tang in *Shengji Zonglu*.
Zhuru Yinzi (Bamboo Sheath Drink) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-vomiting/diarrhea incessant vexation/thirst.
Qingzhuru (Green Bamboo Sheath, size of chicken egg), Renshen (0.5 liang, remove rhizome), Wumei Rou (Mume Fructus Flesh, 2 pieces). Finely crush. 1 da zhan water, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm frequently anytime.
Qingxiangzi Wan (Celosiae Seed Pill) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats post-Cold Damage heat binding in chest/diaphragm, vexation/thirst.
Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Semen, 2 liang; *Waitai Miyao* says 5 liang), Huangqin (1 liang), Longdan (Gentianae Radix, 1 liang, remove rhizome; *Waitai Miyao* says 3 liang), Zhizi Ren (1 liang), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, crushed, 1 liang), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, crushed, 1 liang; *Waitai Miyao* says 2 liang), Gualougen (1 liang). Pound to powder, mix with refined honey into pills like wattle seeds.
Treats mental heat/restlessness, dry mouth/vexation/thirst [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Qinjiao (1 liang, remove seedlings). Finely crush. Decoct in 1 da zhan cow milk to 0.6 fen. Strain, divide into 2 warm doses, take anytime.
Another Formula [from *Shenghui Fang*]:
Gualou (2 liang). Pound coarsely, sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhong zhan water, add 27 fresh bamboo leaves, decoct to 0.5 fen. Strain, take warm anytime. *Shengji Zonglu* omits bamboo leaves.
Zhimu Tang (Anemarrhena Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats multi-day unresolved Cold Damage, mental restlessness, lower abdominal urgency/pain, extreme thirst/wheezing.
Zhimu (baked), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Maidong (remove heart, bake), Chaihu (remove seedlings), Zexie (each 3 qian), Shigao (1.5 liang), Huangqin (remove black heart), Gancao (honey-fried, each 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, add ginger (size of date, smashed), 3-7 bamboo leaves...
Gegen Yin (Kudzu Drink) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats headache, dry thirst, insomnia, limb pain.
Gegen (crushed), Huangqin, Daqing (Isatidis Folium), Shigao (crushed), Renshen (each 1 liang), Gancao (honey-fried, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, decoct to 0.6 fen. Strain, take warm.
Gegen Shigao Tang (Kudzu and Gypsum Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats post-purging headache, dry mouth/vexation/thirst.
Gegen (crushed), Maidong (remove heart, bake), Huangqin (remove black heart), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, each 1 liang), Shigao (crushed, 1.5 liang), Gancao (honey-fried, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 3 qian, 1 zhan water, decoct to 0.7 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Huangqin Lugeng Tang (Scutellaria and Reed Root Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats post-vomiting/purging interior/exterior heat, incessant vexation/thirst.
Huangqin (remove black heart), Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma), Renshen, Chifuling (remove black skin, each 1 liang), Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, remove rough bark, 0.5 liang). Coarsely crush/sieve. Take 5 qian, 1.5 zhan water, add ginger (date-sized, smashed), 3 jujubes (split), decoct to 0.8 fen. Strain, take warm anytime.
Shaoyao Huanglian Tang (Peony and Coptis Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats Warm Disease post-vomiting/purging, residual heat, incessant vexation/thirst.