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[Appendix Discussion]
When heat from the Bladder (Pang Guang) shifts to the Small Intestine (Xiao Chang), it causes obstruction in the diaphragm and intestines, leading to difficulty in bowel movements. The heat steaming upward results in oral ulceration (Kou Mi). The meridian of the Small Intestine connects with the Heart (Xin) and runs along the pharynx, descending through the diaphragm to reach the Stomach (Wei). When Yin and Yang are in harmony, water fluids transmit and distribute downward normally, preventing obstruction in the diaphragm and intestines and ensuring smooth bowel movements; conversely, if heat flares upward, it causes sores and erosion in the mouth. Generally, excess heat accumulating in the Heart and Stomach will inevitably steam upward. In such cases, one should not indiscriminately apply topical medications but must address the root cause for treatment.

Formulas:

Chaihu Zexie Tang (Bupleurum and Alisma Decoction)
Indicated for intestinal heat causing oral ulceration.
Ingredients: Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stems removed), Ze Xie (Rhizoma Alismatis), Chen Ju Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked to remove white pith and stir-fried), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, black center removed), Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, stir-fried with bran), Xuan Fu Hua (Flos Inulae), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas).
Usage: Decoct two cups of water to obtain one cup of liquid.

Da Qing Wan (Isatidis Pill)
Indicated for persistent oral ulceration that fails to heal, as well as heat in the Heart and Spleen (Pi) manifesting as intermittent symptoms.
Ingredients: Da Qing (Folium Isatidis, roots removed), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried and crushed), Zhi Qiao (Fructus Aurantii, pith removed and stir-fried with bran), Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, crushed, 3 fen each), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, whiskers removed), Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, dried by baking).
Usage: Form into pills, take twice daily.

Da Huang San (Rhubarb Powder)
Indicated for persistent oral ulceration that fails to heal.
Ingredients: Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, calcined to ash and fire-baked then crushed), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, honey-fried and crushed), Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri, honey-fried and crushed, 1 liang each), Mi Tuo Seng (Lithargyrum, ground), Hua Shi (Talcum, ground, 1 liang each).
Usage: Grind all ingredients into a fine powder.

Sheng Ma Wan (Cimicifuga Pill)
Indicated for oral ulceration.
Ingredients: Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, whiskers removed), Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri, honey-fried and crushed), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, non-double kernels, 1 liang each).
Usage: Grind into powder, grind almonds into a paste, and bind with refined honey to form pills.

Zijin San (Purple Gold Powder)
Indicated for oral ulceration in adults and children.
Ingredients: Not specified in the text snippet.

Da Huang Tang (Rhubarb Decoction)
Indicated for oral ulceration.
Ingredients: Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, crushed, 1 liang), Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, ground), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, whiskers removed), Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri, honey-fried, 0.5 liang each).
Usage: Pound and sieve the ingredients. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water.

Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) [Source: *Xuan Ming Lun*]
Indicated for oral ulceration with tissue damage and erosion, heat in the Small Intestine, and abdominal distension.
Ingredients: Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, stems removed), Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii, 1 liang each).
Usage: Pound and sieve. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one cup of water until reduced to 6/10 parts. Strain and swallow slowly while holding in the mouth.

Formula for Applying Raw Honey to Oral Ulcers and Erosion
Usage: Apply raw honey frequently to the sores. Healing occurs within three to five applications. Another method uses 1 liang of Da Huang, cut into pieces the size of a finger, boiled with honey for five to seven boils... [Text cuts off].

Formula for Treating General Oral Ulceration [Source: *Wei Shi Fang*]
Usage: Use two seeds of Ba Dou (Fructus Crotonis), crush them with the skin, mix with wheat flour paste to form a膏 (plaster/paste), and apply to the anterior fontanelle (Lu Men) for one night. This draws the sore to the fontanelle, preventing recurrence.

Xing Ren Bing Zi (Almond Cake) [Source: *San Yin Fang*, also known as Xing Fen Gao]
Indicated for oral ulceration with heat sores that do not respond to cooling topical treatments.
Ingredients: Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, soaked, skin and tips removed, non-double kernels, 14 seeds, separately finely ground), Ni Fen (Calomel, 1 qian).
Usage: Mix and grind into a paste. Form into cakes the size of a coin hole, coated with Qian Dan (Minium). One method suggests applying before sleep... [Text cuts off].

Huang Bo San (Phellodendron Powder)
Indicated for oral ulceration.
Ingredients: Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri, coated with honey, fried dry to remove fire toxicity), Bai Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus, straight specimens placed on new tiles and roasted over fire until silk threads break to remove fire toxicity).
Usage: Grind into a fine powder and sprinkle onto the sores.

The *Ni Diao Lun* states: "When heat from the Bladder shifts to the Small Intestine, it causes obstruction in the diaphragm and intestines, leading to difficulty in bowel movements. Heat steaming upward causes oral ulceration. Excess heat in the Heart and Stomach leads to stagnation of water and grain, which transmits downward to the Small Intestine."

Dao Chi... [Text cuts off]

Hu Huang Lian San (Picrorhiza Powder) [Source: *Wei Sheng Bao Jian Fang*]
Indicated for oral ulceration.
Ingredients: Hu Huang Lian (Radix Picrorhizae, 5 fen), Huo Xiang (Herba Pogostemonis, 1 qian), Xi Xin (Radix et Rhizoma Asari, 3 qian), Xuan Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 3 qian).
Usage: Grind into powder. Take half a qian per dose, sprinkle dry into the mouth.