（附论）
夫暴渴。缘热甚腠理开。汗大泄而津液少。故暴渴而引饮。小便利者。不能为害。若
三
焦不和。心肺壅热。胃中干燥。渴而小便不利者。须防变饮证。不可不察。喜渴者、由心热
也。心主汗。汗出多。则肾中虚燥。故令渴也。凡夏月渴而汗出多。则小便少。冬月不汗。
故小便多。此皆是平人之候。故渴名曰暴渴也。
方
芦根散（出圣惠方）治暴渴饮水多。或干呕。
芦根（一两半锉） 人参（半两去芦头） 百合（三分） 麦门冬（一两去心） 桑根
白皮（三
分锉） 黄 （三分锉） 赤茯苓（三分） 黄芩（三分） 葛根（三分炙微赤锉） 上为
散。每服四
钱。
地骨皮汤（出圣惠方）治脾虚热暴渴不已。
地骨皮 栝蒌根 黄连（去须） 麦门冬（去心焙） 黄芩（去黑心各一两） 茯神（去
木） 远
志（
七分。
去滓温服。不拘时。
芦根汤（出圣惠方）治暴渴烦热。
芦根（锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 栝蒌根 地骨皮（各一两） 黄芩（去黑心三分） 白
茅根
（锉） 石膏（碎各二两） 人参（三分） 甘草（炙半两） 上 咀。每服五钱。水一盏
半。生姜
一枣
桑根白皮汤（出圣济总录）治暴渴饮水不止。头面浮虚。
桑根皮（锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 石膏（碎各二两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 黄芩（去
黑心） 栝
蒌根（各一两半） 栀子仁（半两） 土瓜根（一两） 上 咀。每服三钱。水一盏半。煎
至八分。
去滓温服。不拘时。
栝蒌根散（出圣惠方）治暴渴心神烦闷。体热食少。
栝蒌根（一两） 芦根（一两锉） 麦门冬（一两去心） 知母（一两） 人参（一两
去芦头）
地骨皮（一两） 黄芩（一两） 甘草（一两炙微赤锉） 上为散。每服五钱。水一大盏。
入生姜
半分。小麦半合。淡竹叶二七片。煎至五分去滓。不拘时候温服。
茯苓汤（出圣济总录）治心脾壅滞。暴渴引饮。
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 泽泻 白术 黄连（去须） 桂心（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉各一两）
大黄（生
用
地骨皮汤（出圣济总录）治暴渴。
地骨皮 栝蒌根（各一两半） 黄连 土瓜根 麦门冬（去心焙） 车前子（各一两） 知
母
（焙半两） 上 咀。每服三钱。水一盏半。入生地黄半分切。煎至八分。去滓温服。不拘
时
黄连散（出圣济总录）治心脾壅热。暴渴饮水。
黄连 葛根（锉炒四两半） 大黄（炒锉半两） 枇杷叶（拭去毛炙一两） 麦门冬（去
心焙一两半） 上捣罗为散。每服二钱。温水调下。不时服。
黄 汤（出圣惠方）治暴渴饮水过多。烦渴不止。
黄 （锉） 栝蒌根（各一两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 甘草（炙各半两） 麦门冬（去
心焙一两
半）上 咀。每服三钱。水一盏半。煎至八分。去滓温服。不拘时候。或为末。煎竹叶汤调
下。
枳实汤（出圣济总录）治内热暴渴不止。
枳实（去瓤麸炒） 茯神（去木） 葛根（锉） 石膏（各二两半） 上 咀。每服三
钱。水一盏
麦门冬汤（出圣济总录）治暴渴。烦躁饮水。
麦门冬（去心焙二两） 知母（焙三两） 凝水石（一两半） 青竹茹（如鸡子二块碎
切） 上 咀。每服三钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓温服。不拘时。
乌梅散（出圣济总录）治虚躁暴渴。
乌梅肉（焙一两半） 麦门冬（去心焙一两半） 生干地黄（焙三两） 甘草（炙一两）
上为
散。每服二钱。温熟水调下。不拘时。
柴胡散（出圣惠方）治暴渴心烦。口舌干燥。
柴胡（去苗） 乌梅肉（炒各二两） 甘草（炙一两） 麦门冬（去心焙一两半） 上
咀。每
服
黄连散（出圣惠方）治暴渴心神烦闷。口舌干燥。
枇杷叶（一两拭去毛炙微黄） 芦根（三两锉） 甘草（三分炙微赤锉） 黄连（一两
去须）
上为散。每服四钱。水一中盏。煎至六分去滓。每于食后温服。
赤茯苓散（出圣惠方）治胸膈气壅滞。暴渴不止。
赤茯苓（一两） 诃黎勒皮（三分） 龙脑（一钱细研） 人参（三分去芦头） 上为
散。入龙
脑研令匀。不拘时候。以粥饮下一钱。
乌梅汤（出圣惠方）治暴渴。心神烦闷。口舌干燥。
乌梅肉（七枚微炒） 生姜（一分捣碎） 白沙糖（三分） 上件药。以水二大盏。煎
至一盏
二分。去滓分三服。食后温服。
酥蜜煎（出圣惠方）治暴渴。除烦热。
酥（五合） 白蜜（五两） 川芒硝（二两） 上件药于银器中。以慢火熬成膏。收瓷
器中。
不计时候。服半匙咽津。
秦艽汤（出圣惠方）治暴渴。咽燥口干引饮。
秦艽（去苗土二两） 甘草（炙半两） 上 咀。每服二钱。水一盏。煎至七分。去滓
温服。
不拘时候。一方生姜半分煎。
治胸膈气壅滞。暴渴不止。
萝卜（二枚） 上取大者捣烂取汁。入蜜二合。生姜半两取汁一两和匀。渴即少饮之。
麦门冬散（一名芦根汤）治暴渴烦热不退。少得眠卧。
治大渴热中暴疾。（出本草）
邪蒿 上煮令熟。和酱醋食之。
(Attached Discussion)
Sudden thirst (Bao Ke) occurs when intense heat causes the Cou Li (skin pores and interstices) to open, leading to profuse sweating and a deficiency of Jin Ye (body fluids). Consequently, sudden thirst with an urge to drink arises. If urination is unobstructed, it will not cause severe harm. However, if the San Jiao (Triple Burner) functions disharmoniously, with Heat stagnating in the Xin (Heart) and Fei (Lung), and dryness in the Wei (Stomach), accompanied by thirst but obstructed urination, one must guard against transformation into Yin Zheng (Fluid Retention Syndrome); this requires careful observation. A preference for thirst stems from Xin Re (Heart Heat). The Xin governs sweat; excessive sweating leads to Xu Zao (deficiency dryness) in the Shen (Kidney), thereby causing thirst. In summer, thirst accompanied by profuse sweating results in reduced urination; in winter, without sweating, urination is abundant. These are physiological signs of healthy individuals, hence such thirst is termed "Sudden Thirst" (Bao Ke).
Prescriptions
Lugen San (Reed Rhizome Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with excessive drinking or dry retching.
Ingredients: Lugen (Rhizoma Imperatae, 1.5 liang, sliced), Renshen (Radix Ginseng, 0.5 liang, rhizome removed), Baihe (Bulbus Lilii, 3 fen), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1 liang, heart removed), Sangbaipí (Cortex Morus Radicis, 3 fen, sliced), Huangqi (Radix Astragali, 3 fen, sliced), Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark, 3 fen), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 3 fen), Gegen (Radix Puerariae, 3 fen, stir-fried until slightly red then sliced). Process into powder. Take 4 qian per dose.
Digupi Tang (Cortex Lycii Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats persistent sudden thirst due to Spleen deficiency with Heat.
Ingredients: Digupi (Cortex Lycii, 1 liang), Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1 liang), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 1 liang, stamens removed), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1 liang, heart removed and dried), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 1 liang, blackened parts removed), Fushen (Poria Cocos with Pine Wood, 1 liang), Yuanzhi (Radix Polygalae, 7 fen, heart removed). Decoct, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
Lugen Tang (Reed Rhizome Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with vexing heat.
Ingredients: Lugen (Rhizoma Imperatae, 1 liang, sliced), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1 liang, heart removed and dried), Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1 liang), Digupi (Cortex Lycii, 1 liang), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 3 fen, blackened parts removed), Baimaogen (Radix Imperatae, 2 liang, sliced), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang, crushed), Renshen (Radix Ginseng, 3 fen), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 0.5 liang, honey-fried). Cut into pieces. Take 5 qian per dose with 1.5 zhan of water and one date-sized piece of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis). Decoct, remove dregs, take warm.
Sangbaipí Tang (Morus Root Bark Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats sudden thirst with incessant drinking and puffy fullness of the head and face.
Ingredients: Sanggenpi (Cortex Morus Radicis, 2 liang, sliced), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 2 liang, heart removed and dried), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang, crushed), Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark, 1.5 liang, black skin removed), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 1.5 liang, blackened parts removed), Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1.5 liang), Zhizi Ren (Semen Gossypii Herbaceae, 0.5 liang), Tugua Gen (Radix Benincasae, 1 liang). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose with 1.5 zhan of water. Decoct to 80%, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
Gualougen San (Trichosanthes Root Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with mental vexation, body heat, and poor appetite.
Ingredients: Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1 liang), Lugen (Rhizoma Imperatae, 1 liang, sliced), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1 liang, heart removed), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, 1 liang), Renshen (Radix Ginseng, 1 liang, rhizome removed), Digupi (Cortex Lycii, 1 liang), Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 1 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang, honey-fried until slightly red then sliced). Process into powder. Take 5 qian per dose with one large zhan of water, plus 0.5 fen of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis), 0.5 he of Xiaomai (Frumentum Tritici, Wheat), and 14 leaves of Danzhuye (Folium Phyllostachydis Nigrae). Decoct to 50%, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
Fuling Tang (Poria Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats Qi stagnation in the Heart and Spleen with sudden thirst and urge to drink.
Ingredients: Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark, 1 liang), Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis, 1 liang), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 1 liang), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 1 liang, stamens removed), Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi, 1 liang, coarse bark removed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang, honey-fried and sliced), Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 1 liang, raw). Decoct, remove dregs, take warm.
Digupi Tang (Cortex Lycii Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats sudden thirst.
Ingredients: Digupi (Cortex Lycii, 1.5 liang), Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1.5 liang), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 1 liang), Tugua Gen (Radix Benincasae, 1 liang), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1 liang, heart removed and dried), Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis, 1 liang), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, 0.5 liang, dried). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose with 1.5 zhan of water and 0.5 fen of freshly cut Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae). Decoct to 80%, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
Huanglian San (Coptis Powder) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats Heat in the Heart and Spleen with sudden thirst and drinking.
Ingredients: Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 4.5 liang, sliced and stir-fried), Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 0.5 liang, stir-fried and sliced), Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae, 1 liang, hairs wiped off and fried), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1.5 liang, heart removed and dried). Pound and sieve into powder. Take 2 qian per dose mixed with warm water, as needed.
Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst from excessive drinking and persistent vexing thirst.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Radix Astragali, 1 liang, sliced), Gualougen (Radix Trichosanthis, 1 liang), Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark, 0.5 liang, black skin removed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 0.5 liang, honey-fried), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1.5 liang, heart removed and dried). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose with 1.5 zhan of water. Decoct to 80%, remove dregs, take warm at any time. Alternatively, process into powder and mix with Zhuyetang (Bamboo Leaf Decoction).
Zhishi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats persistent sudden thirst due to internal Heat.
Ingredients: Zhishi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, 2.5 liang, bran-fried after removing pulp), Fushen (Poria Cocos with Pine Wood, 2.5 liang), Gegen (Radix Puerariae, 2.5 liang, sliced), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2.5 liang). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose with one zhan of water. Decoct, remove dregs, take warm.
Maimendong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats sudden thirst with irritability and urge to drink.
Ingredients: Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 2 liang, heart removed and dried), Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, 3 liang, dried), Ningshuishi (Nephrite, 1.5 liang), Qingzhuru (Succus Bambusae in Taedia, two egg-sized pieces, chopped). Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose with one zhan of water. Decoct to 70%, remove dregs, take warm at any time.
Wumei San (Dark Plum Powder) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats sudden thirst due to deficiency-induced restlessness.
Ingredients: Wumei Rou (Fructus Mume, 1.5 liang, dried), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1.5 liang, heart removed and dried), Shengdihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, 3 liang, dried), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang, honey-fried). Process into powder. Take 2 qian per dose mixed with warm boiled water, at any time.
Chaihu San (Bupleurum Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with mental vexation and dry mouth/tongue.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri, 2 liang, roots removed), Wumei Rou (Fructus Mume, 2 liang, stir-fried), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang, honey-fried), Maimendong (Radix Ophiopogonis, 1.5 liang, heart removed and dried). Cut into pieces. Take appropriate dose mixed with warm water.
Huanglian San (Coptis Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with mental vexation and dry mouth/tongue.
Ingredients: Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae, 1 liang, hairs wiped off and fried until slightly yellow), Lugen (Rhizoma Imperatae, 3 liang, sliced), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 3 fen, honey-fried until slightly red then sliced), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 1 liang, stamens removed). Process into powder. Take 4 qian per dose with one medium zhan of water. Decoct to 60%, remove dregs, take warm after meals.
Chifuling San (Red Poria Powder) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats Qi stagnation in the chest and diaphragm with persistent sudden thirst.
Ingredients: Chifuling (Poria Cocos with Red Bark, 1 liang), Helile Pi (Pericarpium Terminaliae Chebulae, 3 fen), Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 1 qian, finely ground), Renshen (Radix Ginseng, 3 fen, rhizome removed). Process into powder, mix thoroughly with Longnao. Take 1 qian mixed with rice broth at any time.
Wumei Tang (Dark Plum Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst, mental vexation, and dry mouth/tongue.
Ingredients: Wumei Rou (Fructus Mume, 7 fruits, lightly stir-fried), Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis, 1 fen, crushed), Baishatang (Saccharum, 3 fen). Add two large zhan of water. Decoct to one zhan and two fen. Remove dregs, divide into three doses, take warm after meals.
Sumi Jian (Butter and Honey Paste) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst and clears vexing heat.
Ingredients: Su (Butter, 5 he), Baimi (White Honey, 5 liang), Chuanniaoxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 2 liang). Simmer slowly in a silver vessel until forming a paste. Store in a porcelain container. Take half a spoonful to swallow saliva at any time.
Qinjiao Tang (Gentian Decoction) [from *Shenghui Fang*]: Treats sudden thirst with dry throat and mouth, urging to drink.
Ingredients: Qinjiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, 2 liang, roots and soil removed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 0.5 liang, honey-fried). Cut into pieces. Take 2 qian per dose with one zhan of water. Decoct to 70%, remove dregs, take warm at any time. Alternative method: decoct with 0.5 fen of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis).
Treatment for Qi stagnation in the chest and diaphragm with persistent sudden thirst.
Luobo (Radix Raphani Sativi, 2 roots). Select large ones, crush to extract juice. Mix with 2 he of honey and 1 liang of juice from 0.5 liang of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis). Drink small amounts when thirsty.
Maimendong San (Ophiopogon Powder) [also known as Lugen Tang]: Treats sudden thirst with persistent vexing heat and reduced sleep.
Treatment for severe thirst and acute heat syndrome [from *Bencao*].
Xiehao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae). Boil until cooked. Eat with soy sauce and vinegar.