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Epilepsy, as recorded in various medical texts, is often treated as a single syndrome. I believe that Dian (癫) and Xian (痫) cannot be generalized together. Therefore, Dian is entirely attributed to the Heart meridian.

Xian is sometimes referred to as "Xuán Míng Dǎo" (旋名倒). Its symptoms include limb convulsions, spasms, or flaccidity, foaming at the mouth, and sounds resembling those of a sheep. This condition is often caused by umbilical sores in childhood that fail to heal, coupled with frequent bathing, allowing dampness to invade the Spleen meridian. It is named Sheep Epilepsy (Yáng Xián). In Chinese cosmology, the Sheep corresponds to the Earthly Branch Wei (未), belonging to the Kun position, and is governed by the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian (Zú Tàiyīn Pí Jīng - Wet Earth). Thus, this disease arises from the Spleen meridian. Patients experience dizziness and disorientation, frequent extension of both hands, and emit sounds like a chicken. They awaken after a short while but are prone to recurrence. This is often caused by dryness injuring the Stomach in childhood, leading to internal accumulation of irritant toxins and stagnant phlegm entering the Stomach. It is named Chicken Epilepsy (Jī Xián). The Chicken corresponds to the Earthly Branch You (酉), governed by the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian (Zú Yángmíng Wèi Jīng - Dry Metal). Thus, this disease arises from the Stomach meridian. Patients experience vertigo and disorientation, eye traction, limb pulling and stiffness, emit pig-like noises, spit saliva, and recover after a short period. This is often caused by vomiting and diarrhea in childhood complicated by wind pathogens. It is named Pig Epilesty (Zhū Xián). The Pig corresponds to the Earthly Branch Hai (亥), governed by the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian (Shǒu Juéyīn Xīnbāo Luò - Wind Wood). Thus, this disease arises from the Right Kidney meridian. Patients experience vertigo and disorientation, eyes rolling back, jaw clenching, convulsions, and emit bellowing sounds like an ox. This is often caused by... [text missing] arising from the Lung meridian.

Generally, epilepsy is caused by shock, which disrupts the harmony of zang-fu qi, leading to stagnation and the generation of phlegm, blocking the meridians, and resulting in jue (reversal of qi flow). It may result from shock received in the womb, exposure to wind-cold-summerheat-dampness in childhood, or irregular diet causing rebellion of zang-fu qi. Detailed analysis shows the presence of the Three Causes (Sān Yīn): wind-cold-summerheat-dampness come from outside; fright and shock come from inside; dietary excess or deficiency belong to neither inside nor outside. Although the causes differ, they all lead to qi rebellion. The pathogenic qi spreads through the five zang organs, six fu organs, and collaterals. However, due to individual constitutional differences, varying strength of zang-fu organs, and distinct temperaments (dry/still vs. moist/agitated), various syndromes arise. Tracing the etiology, it does not exceed these three categories, thus covering the entirety of the pathology. *San Yin Fang* states: The five types of xian correspond to the five zang organs, excluding the Kidney and Stomach. The Kidney corresponds to the Rat, which is not a domesticated animal, and has no specific spiritual ruler, hence no kidney xian. The Stomach corresponds to the Chicken (note: textual logic here is complex/possibly erroneous in source), a domesticated animal, hence associated. Additionally, the Stomach is the "Sea of the Five Zang," unlike other fu organs. The Dog corresponds to Xu, governed by the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian. Although dogs are domesticated, there is no dog xian, because Chen and Xu are "Kui Gang" positions, where the four evils have no place, and thus do not manifest xian imagery.

**Hujing Wan (Tiger Eye Pill)** (from *Qianjin Fang*): Treats wind-xian epilepsy. Symptoms include convulsions, opisthotonos, foaming at the mouth, occasional pig-like sounds, and unconsciousness.
Ingredients: Tiger Eyes (one pair, soaked in wine, roasted until yellow, crushed); Baifuling (Poria, black skin removed); Longchi (Dragon Teeth, separately ground); Fangkui (Radix Adenophorae, sliced); Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla, arrow-feather type); Baixianpi (Diplocardia Root); Xin Yi (Magnolia Flower, stems and leaves removed, stir-fried); Tianxiong (Aconitum Kusnezoffii, roasted, peel and navel removed); Yinbo (Silver Leaf, ground); Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, separately ground); Fei Yatou (Flying Crow Head, likely a specific processed herb); Sheng Dihuang (Rehmannia Root, roasted/dried); Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong); Lubofang (Beehive, roasted).
Process: Grind the above ingredients into powder, mix evenly, and form pills with refined honey the size of Sophora seeds. Dosage: Two pills at night. If heart/liver wind-heat rushes upward, take with Bamboo Sap (Zhuli). Another formula...

**Longdan Wan (Gentian Pill)**: Treats epilepsy. Symptoms include mania, confusion, mental vagueness, limb twitching, foaming, and tongue biting.
Ingredients: Longdan (Gentian Root, cleaned); Gouteng (Uncaria Rhynchophylla); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn, shaved); Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root); Huangqin (Scutellaria Root, black heart removed); Baifuling (Poria, black skin removed); Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, forked parts removed); Tianzhuhu (Bambusa Textilis Phyllostachys Astringent Juice, separately ground); Hupo (Amber, separately ground); Mayaxiao (Saltpeter, ground); Jinbo (Gold Leaf, 70 pieces, ground with Cinnabar); Yinbo (Silver Leaf, 100 pieces, ground with Gold Leaf and Cinnabar); Tiefen (Iron Powder); Zhusha (Cinnabar, separately ground with gold/silver leaf).
Process: Grind twelve ingredients separately, mix, and form pills the size of mung beans. Dosage: Ten pills per dose, taken after meals with decoction of Renshen (Ginseng) and Fuling (Poria).

**Fangkui San (Fangkui Powder)**: Treats epileptic seizures during jue syndrome.
Ingredients: Fangkui; Daizhe (Haematitum); Renshen (Ginseng); Qiandan (Lead Tetroxide); Baijiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus); Sheng Zhuchi (Raw Pig Tooth); Fushen (Poria with Hostwood); Leiwan (Holostus Umbellatus); Gouteng; Huguj (Tiger Bone); Yuanzhi (Polygala Root); Guixin (Cinnamon Bark); Fangfeng.
Process: Make into powder. Dosage: One cun bi (square inch spoonful) per dose, twice daily. Wash with Hu Zhang Tang (Tiger Palm Decoction) [Note: Text unclear].

**Lingyangjiao Wan (Antelope Horn Pill)** (from *Shengji Zonglu*): Treats wind-xian epilepsy.
Ingredients: Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn, shaved); Xiejiao (Horn shavings); Yuanzhi (Polygala Root, heart removed, roasted); Renshen; Shanyu (Dioscorea); Fushen (Poria, wood removed, 1.5 liang each); Sheng Gan Dihuang (Fresh/Dried Rehmannia, roasted); Maidong (Ophiopogon Root, heart removed, roasted); Tiefen; Zhi Shiying (Fluorite); Shaoyao (Peony Root); Longgu (Fossil Bones, some versions use Huangqin); Qingshilzhi (Kaolin); Baixianpi; Mahuang (Ephedra); Danggui (Angelica Sinensis); Gancao (Licorice Root, roasted/sliced); Gualougen (Trichosanthes Root); Guixin.
Process: Decoct in three sheng of water. Take when ready.
Indication: Treats 120 types of wind-induced epilepsy and mania, characterized by foaming and loss of consciousness. Suitable for use in April and May.
Pill formation: Mix with refined honey, form mung-bean-sized pills. Take with Peach/Willow branch decoction.

**Longnao Anshen Wan (Borneol Calming Spirit Pill)** (from *Jisheng Bacui Fang*): Treats five accumulations epilepsy in men, women, and children. Regardless of duration, if attacks are unpredictable.
Ingredients: Fushen (Poria, coarse skin removed, powdered); Renshen (Ginseng, rhizome removed); Maidong (Ophiopogon, heart removed); Wu Xi (Black Rhinoceros Horn, powdered); Zhusha (Cinnabar, washed, 2 liang each); Gancao; Zhen Digupi (Phellodendron Bark, 1 liang); Ma...; Jinbo (Gold Leaf, coating).
Dosage: For chronic cases, three doses daily. Children dissolve and take. Immediate relief for wheezing, fullness, and phlegm cough.

**Wuxian Wan (Five Xian Pill)** (from *Yifang Dacheng*): Treats epilepsy attacks. Suitable for both old and new cases.
Ingredients: Quanxie (Scorpion, 1 qian, venom removed, roasted); Banxia (Pinellia Tuber, 2 liang, washed seven times in hot water); Xionghuang (Realgar, 1.5 qian, separately ground); Tiannanxing (Arisaema Rhizome, roasted, 1 liang); Wugong (Centipede, 3 liang, roasted); Baifan (Alum, roasted to remove silk); Zhusha (Cinnabar, 1 fen).

**Wudan Wan (Five Gall Bladder Pill)**: Treats Heart Wind. Symptoms: Manic running, epilepsy.
Ingredients: Liyu Dan (Carp Gallbladder); Ji Dan (Chicken Gallbladder); Gou Dan (Dog Gallbladder); Zhu Dan (Pig Gallbladder); Yang Dan (Sheep Gallbladder) (One of each, roasted until juice is exhausted, mixed together); Shehuang (Snake Yellow, 5 liang, dipped in gallbladder juice over fire until exhausted).
Process: Grind into powder... [Text incomplete].

**Shehuang Dan (Snake Yellow Pill)** (from *San Yin Fang*): Treats wind in five zang and six fu organs. Epilepsy with convulsions, foaming, and unconsciousness. Also treats infantile acute/chronic convulsive fever.
Ingredients: Shehan (Ophicalcite, four pieces, dried with Catalpa juice in Jian cup); Tiannanxing (Roasted); Baifuzi (Typhonium Rhizome); Chensha (Cinnabar, separately ground); Shexiang (Musk, separately ground)... [Text incomplete].

**Baodan Wan (Embracing Gall Pill)** (from *Wei Shi Fang*): Treats all forms of epilepsy and mania in men and women, whether caused by fright/fear or postpartum blood deficiency leading to shock... [Text incomplete]. Received from a monk. Effective immediately. Break dog...
Ingredients: Shuiyin (Mercury, 2 liang); Zhusha (Cinnabar, 1 liang, finely ground); Heiqian (Black Lead, 1.5 liang); Ruxiang (Frankincense, 1 liang, finely ground).
Process: Put black lead in a pot, add water... [Text incomplete]. Swallow with well water.

**Treatment for Epileptic Convulsions** (from *Qianjin Fang*)
Ingredients: Qiandan (Lead Tetroxide, 1 jin); Fei Citou (Flying Owl Head, two pieces).
Process: Grind into powder, make honey pills. Take three pills before meals, three times daily. Severe cases add one at night. Gradually increase dosage.

**Ruzhu Dan (Frankincense-Cinnabar Pill)**, also known as Erling Dan (from *Jisheng Fang*): Treats epilepsy with convulsions.
Ingredients: Ruxiang (Frankincense, separately ground); Zhusha (Cinnabar, finely ground and water-washed).
Process: Melt frankincense, mix with cinnabar, form pills the size of longan seeds. Dosage: One pill per dose... [Text incomplete].

**Duoming San (Life-Seizing Powder)**: Treats wind-compression epilepsy.
Process: Use 1 liang of high-quality Qingmengshi (Calamine), put in a clay pot, mix with 1 liang of Yanxiao (Saltpeter). Roast with white charcoal until red-hot and completely melted. Cool down... [Text incomplete].

**Qufeng Wan (Wind-Expelling Pill)**, also known as Qufeng San (from *San Yin Fang*): Treats five dian and hundred xian. Regardless of yin/yang or cold/heat.
Ingredients: Guo Dan; Jin Fan (Alum, 1 liang each).
Process: Carve a hole in a brick capable of holding 2 liang. Place Dan at the bottom, Fan on top. Roast with 5 jin of white charcoal... [Text incomplete]. Take with decoction.

**Da Zhenxin Dan (Great Heart-Calming Pill)** (from *San Yin Fang*): Treats 120 types of epilepsy. Mania, delirium, disorientation, unconsciousness, foaming. Also treats... [Text incomplete].
Ingredients: Chensha (Cinnabar, boiled in Huang Songjie wine); Longchi (Dragon Teeth, boiled in Yuanzhi seedling vinegar).
Process: Take equal parts of processed Chensha and Longchi, grind to powder, form pills with Pig Heart Blood... [Text incomplete]. Chew for children.

**Jinsha Wan (Gold-Cinnabar Pill)** (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats wind-dian and evil-xian. Symptoms: Loss of spirit, confused speech.
Ingredients: Jin (Gold, 5 liang, filed/shaved to make container); Dansha (Cinnabar, 3 liang). Process: Place gold filings in a container made of Dingzhou fine mud, create a pit, place cinnabar in the center of gold filings... bury in earth...
Process: Form pills the size of mung beans. Dosage: Five pills after meals with Gold/Silver decoction. One dose at midnight. Peach/Willow decoction is also acceptable. Gold container is preferred.

**Gansui San (Kansui Powder)** (from *Wei Shi Fang*): Treats epilepsy. Also treats women's Heart Wind and Blood Evil.
Process: Grind 1 qian of Gansui into powder. Extract three tubes of blood from a pig heart. Mix powder with blood amount appropriately. Slice pig heart open, insert medicine, tie shut... [Text incomplete]. Each... [Text incomplete].

**Shenying Dan (Divine Response Pill)** (from *Weisheng Baojian*): Treats various epilepsies.
Process: Take unspecified amount of Chensha, finely grind and water-wash. When dry, mix with Pig Heart Blood appropriately. Wrap in steamed dough cake, steam until cooked. Take out... [Text incomplete]. Silver decoction... [Text incomplete].

**Chenpu Yin (Aged Cattail Drink)**: Treats sudden onset of wind-dian, mania, and xian.
Process: Cut 1 liang of three-year-old aged cattail fibers finely. Decoct in two sheng of water until reduced to seven he. Strain and drink warm.

**Treatment for Epilepsy and Mania, Chronic Cases** (from *Haishang Fang*)
Process: Water-wash Huangdan (Lead Monoxide) indefinitely. Form pills with steamed dough, size of Sophora seeds. Dosage: Fifty pills per dose, taken with Renshen decoction, three to four times daily.

**Niuhuang Wan (Calculus Bovis Pill)** (from *Shengji Zonglu*): Treats wind-pathogen transforming into epilepsy. Frequent attacks, unconsciousness. Mental wind-dian symptoms vary in timing... Wind-pathogen enters Yin meridians... Wind-dian is generally similar.
Ingredients: Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, separately ground); Zhenzhu Mo (Pearl Powder, separately ground); Hupo (Amber, pounded and sifted); Tiefen (Iron Powder, separately ground); Tianzhuhu (Bambusa Juice, separately ground); Longchi (Dragon Teeth, separately ground, half portion each); Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn, shaved); Fangfeng (Wind-Blocker, forked parts removed); Huangqin (Scutellaria, black heart removed); Shaoyao (Peony); Fushen (Poria with Hostwood); Gancao (Licorice, roasted/sliced); Changpu (Acorus, nine...); Ganxie (Dry Scorpion, wine-roasted, 1 liang); Shexiang (Musk, separately ground); Renshen (Ginseng)...
Process: Sieve mixed powders again, mix with refined honey, pound thousand times... Dosage: 15-20 pills.

**Treatment for Epilepsy with Fever, Acute Manic Running** (from *Bencao*)
Take Tiejiang (Iron Slag Liquid).

**Treatment for Shock-Evil Epilepsy, Chicken Epilepsy, Fever, Manic Running** (from *Bencao*)
Take Fenghuang Tai Shi (Phoenix Terrace Stone), grind with water and take. (This stone is found under places where phoenixes perch, looking like white stone).

**Treatment for Major Wind Epilepsy, Head Wind-Damp Itch, Toxin in Marrow**. Long-term use benefits qi, clarifies ears/eyes, lightens body, strengthens will. Also treats waist/knee wind-toxin. (...)
Process: Harvest Cang'er (Xanthium Fruit) between March and July. Sun-dry and make into powder. Take with water in summer, wine in winter, twice daily. Dosage: One or two bi (spoonfuls) of powder per dose. Full... [Text incomplete]. Food... [Text incomplete].

**Therapy for Epilepsy** (from *Bencao*)
Take Ye Zhu Huang (Wild Boar Gallstone), grind with water to the size of a date pit. Take twice daily. Effective.

**Treatment for Epilepsy**
Apply moxa to the area between the scrotum and anus, according to patient's age (number of years).