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Kidney deficiency leading to bone flaccidity and emaciation occurs because bones are governed by the Kidney. When Kidney Qi is deficient, marrow dries up and bones wither. As Yang Qi declines, the body loses nourishment, resulting in bone flaccidity, wasting of skin and flesh, and a thin, emaciated physique. The Classics state: "Bones are the mansion of Marrow." If Marrow is insufficient, one cannot stand for long; walking causes trembling and shaking, indicating that the bones are approaching exhaustion. This refers to such conditions.

Formulas:

Zishi Wan (Purple Stone Pill): Treats Kidney deficiency causing emaciation, loss of appetite, flaccidity and weakness of skin and bones, and pain in the lower back and legs. It is suitable for taking this formula to tonify Qi and strength, making the person robust.
Ingredients: Zhi Yingshi (Purple Quartz, 1 liang, finely ground, water-flown), Rousunrong (Cistanche, 2 liangs, soaked in wine overnight, peeled, dried by roasting), Bai Yingshi (White Quartz, 1 liang, finely ground, water-flown), Cishi (Magnetite, 2 liangs, quenched in vinegar seven times, finely ground, water-flown), Lurong (Deer Antler, de-haired, dried with butter roasting), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, 2 liangs, soaked for three days, sun-dried and powdered), Renshen (Ginseng, 1.5 liangs, rhizome removed), Huangqi (Astragalus, 1 liang), Zhongru Fen (Calcium Carbonate Powder, 2 liangs), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, 2 liangs), Bajitian (Morinda Root, 1.5 liangs), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, 1 liang, stir-fried), Fupenzi (Raspberry, 1 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, 2 liangs, processed, peel and navel removed), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, 1 liang, peeled, stir-fried), Tianmendong (Asparagus Tuber, 1 liang, heart removed), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 liangs), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 1 liang), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, 2 liangs), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang), Baiziren (Biota Seed, 1 liang), Shechuangzi (Cnidium Fruit, 1 liang), Jici (Tribulus Spine, 1 liang), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, 2 liangs, heart removed), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root, 1 liang), Anayu (Sea Otter Genitalia, 1 liang, soaked in wine). All ingredients are powdered, and refined honey is used to form pills.

Cishi Wan (Magnetite Pill) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats Kidney Qi deficiency, bone flaccidity and emaciation, tinnitus, irritability, tightness in the lower abdomen, Qi pulling into the Bladder, and pain extending to the lower back and knees.
Ingredients: Cishi (Magnetite, 2 liangs, calcined and finely powdered), Rousunrong (Cistanche, 2 liangs, soaked in wine overnight, peeled), Zhongru Fen (Calcium Carbonate Powder, 2 liangs), Huangqi (Astragalus, 1 liang), Bajitian (Morinda Root, 1 liang), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, 1 liang), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, 2 liangs, peeled, stir-fried), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis, 0.5 liang), Lurong (Deer Antler, 1 liang, coated with butter and roasted until yellow), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 0.5 liang), Tianmendong (Asparagus Tuber, 3.5 qian, heart removed), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root, 0.5 liang), Muxiang (Costus Root, 0.5 liang), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, 1 liang, soaked in wine for three nights), Yangqishi (Actinolite, 1 liang), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, 1 liang), Yuanzhi (Polygala Root, 2 liangs, heart removed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, 1 liang, peel and navel removed), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome, 0.5 fen), Fupenzi (Raspberry), Chenxiang (Agarwood) (each 0.3 fen), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, 1 liang), Danshen (Salvia Root, 1 liang, rhizome removed), Ganqi (Dried Lacquer, 0.3 fen, stir-fried). All ingredients are powdered, mixed with refined honey, and pounded two or three hundred times to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills each time on an empty stomach and before dinner, washed down with warm wine. Gradually increase the dosage.

Shihu Wan (Dendrobium Pill) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing dizziness and tinnitus, blurred vision, forgetfulness, mental restlessness, loss of taste, chronic unhappiness, frequent fear and rumination, occasional vomiting of sour fluid, lackluster complexion, weak and emaciated body, and inability to stand or walk due to bone flaccidity.
Ingredients: Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, 1 liang, roots removed), Tianmendong (Asparagus Tuber, 0.5 liang, heart removed), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 3 liangs), Bajitian (Morinda Root, 0.5 liang), Wujia Pi (Five-leaf Acanthopanax Bark, 0.3 fen), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, 1 liang), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine, 0.3 fen), Ganqi (Dried Lacquer, 0.5 liang, stir-fried), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, 1 liang, soaked in wine overnight and powdered), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 3 liangs), Yuanzhi (Polygala Root, 0.5 liang), Shuyu (Dioscorea Rhizome, 0.5 liang), Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, 1 liang, stir-fried), Renshen (Ginseng, 0.5 liang), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, 0.3 fen, peeled, stir-fried), Tianxiong (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root, 0.3 fen, peel and navel removed), Lurong (Deer Antler, 1 liang, coated with butter and roasted until yellow). All ingredients are powdered, and refined honey is used to form pills. Take thirty pills each time on an empty stomach and before dinner, washed down with warm wine. Gradually increase the dosage to fifty pills.

Niuxi Wan (Achyranthes Pill) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing bone flaccidity and weakness, difficulty rising from sitting, blurred vision, mental restlessness, shortness of breath, and [text missing regarding muscles/marrow].
Ingredients: Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, 1.5 liangs), Baiziren (Biota Seed, 0.3 fen), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig, 0.3 fen), Baifuling (Poria, 0.3 fen), Huangqi (Astragalus, 1 liang), Bai Yingshi (White Quartz, 1 liang, finely ground), Lurong (Deer Antler, 1 liang, coated with butter and roasted until yellow), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 0.3 fen), Renshen (Ginseng, 0.3 fen), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, 1 liang, processed), Fupenzi (Raspberry, 1 liang), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit, 0.3 fen), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, 3 liangs, soaked in wine), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome, 0.3 fen), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, 0.3 fen, coarse bark removed, stir-fried), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, 0.3 fen), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, 0.3 fen, rhizome removed), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, 1 liang, roots removed), Rousunrong (Cistanche, 1 liang, soaked in wine, peeled, lightly stir-fried), Cishi (Magnetite, 1 liang, calcined, quenched in vinegar seven times, finely ground, water-flown), Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, 1 liang, lightly stir-fried). All ingredients are powdered, mixed with refined honey, and pounded three to five hundred times to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take on an empty stomach and before dinner, washed down with warm wine.

Lurong Wan (Deer Antler Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing bone flaccidity and emaciation, irritability and abdominal tightness, heavy lower back with tinnitus, and weakness in walking.
Ingredients: Lurong (Deer Antler, soaked in wine overnight, roasted with butter), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, roots removed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Guixin (Cinnamon Twig, 1 liang), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, soaked in wine, 1 liang), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, 2 liangs), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine, 1 liang), Bixie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome, stir-fried, 1 liang), Renshen (Ginseng, 2 liangs), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 2 liangs), Shechuangzi (Cnidium Fruit, stir-fried, 1 liang), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Fupenzi (Raspberry, 1 liang), Huangqi (Astragalus, 2 liangs), Muxiang (Costus Root, 1 liang), Cheqianzi (Plantago Seed, 1 liang), Tianmendong (Asparagus Tuber, heart removed), Shanyu (Dioscorea Rhizome) (each 1 liang). All ingredients are powdered, and refined honey is used to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take fifteen pills each time on an empty stomach with warm wine, gradually increasing to thirty pills.

Bushen Wan (Kidney Tonifying Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing Qi deficiency and emaciation.
Ingredients: Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine, 3 liangs), Huangqi (Astragalus, roasted), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome), Bajitian (Morinda Root, hearts removed, each 2 liangs), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, pulp removed, bran-roasted), Taoren (Prunus Seed, peel and tip removed, double-kernel ones stir-fried), Muli (Oyster Shell, calcined), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 liang), Jili (Tribulus Fruit, stir-fried, spines removed), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, soaked in wine), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger, processed, 1 liang), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper, eyes and closed-mouth ones removed, stir-fried to release moisture), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, coarse bark removed), Binglang (Areca Seed), Chenpi (Citrus Reticulata Peel, white pith removed). [Text missing regarding processing method].

Shihu Yin (Dendrobium Decoction) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney Qi deficiency causing bone flaccidity, thinness, weakness, bilateral tinnitus, which may progress to deafness, and shortness of breath.
Ingredients: Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, roots removed, 1 liang), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis, 1 liang), Renshen (Ginseng, 2 liangs), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine overnight, 3 liangs), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome, 1 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, coarse bark removed, 1 liang), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, baked, 2 liangs), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, soaked in rice washing water overnight, 1 liang), Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg-case, 1 liang), Cishi (Magnetite, fire-calcined, quenched in vinegar fourteen times, 1 liang), Yangshen (Sheep Kidney, 1 pair, fascia removed, roasted until yellow). Coarsely crush all ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take three qianbi per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until seven-tenths remain, strain, and take warm at any time.

Bushen Tang (Kidney Tonifying Decoction) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing cicada-like tinnitus and abdominal pain.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragalus, roasted, 1.5 liangs), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper, eyes and closed-mouth ones removed, stir-fried to release moisture), Renshen (Ginseng, 1 liang), Baifuling (Poria, 1 liang), Duohuo (Angelica Pubescens Root, 2 liangs), Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome, 1 liang), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis, 2 liangs), Shaoyao (Peony Root, 2 liangs), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1 liang), Jili (Tribulus Fruit, stir-fried, spines removed), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome) (each 1 liang). Coarsely chop all ingredients to the size of hemp seeds. Take five qian per dose, add two zhong of water. First decoct one sheep kidney until it reduces to one and a half zhong, then add the herbs, decoct until eight-tenths remain, strain, and take on an empty stomach.

Gan Dihuang Wan (Raw Rehmannia Pill) (from *Shenghui Fang*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing emaciation, bone flaccidity and weakness, lower back and leg pain, and frequent, slippery urination.
Ingredients: Shugan Dihuang (Prepared Dried Rehmannia, 2 liangs), Shanzhuyu (Cornus Fruit, pitted, 2 liangs), Baifuling (Poria, 2 liangs), Shanyu (Dioscorea Rhizome, 2 liangs), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, roots removed), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, 1 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, soaked in wine), Bajitian (Morinda Root, hearts removed), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 1 liang), Zexie (Alisma Rhizome, 2 liangs), Huangqi (Astragalus, 1 liang), Tianmendong (Asparagus Tuber, heart removed), Lu Jiao Jiao (Deer Horn Glue, 1 liang), Baiziren (Biota Seed, 1 liang), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine, 1 liang), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine, stir-fried, 2 liangs). [Text missing regarding processing method].

Niuxi Wan (Achyranthes Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney bone flaccidity preventing standing, and lax tendons unable to contract independently. It is particularly suitable for warming the Middle Jiao.
Ingredients: Niuxi (Achyranthes Root, soaked in wine, 2 liangs), Bixie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome, 1 liang), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, stir-fried, 1 liang), Rongrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine, 2 liangs), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root, 1 liang), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, 2 liangs), Huluoba (Trigonella Foenum-graecum Seed, stir-fried, 0.5 liang), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, 1 liang), Poguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, 2 liangs), Shayuan (Astragalus Complanatus Seed, 0.5 liang), Bai Jili (Tribulus Fruit, 1 liang). All ingredients are powdered. [Text missing regarding pill formation].

Buguzhi Wan (Psoralea Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing bone flaccidity and muscle wasting, tinnitus, irritability, tightness in the lower abdomen, Qi pulling into the Bladder, and pain extending to the lower back and knees. [Text missing].
Ingredients: Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, 2 liangs), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem) (each 2 liangs), Baifuling (Poria, 2 liangs), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmannia, 2 liangs), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, 2 liangs), Tianxiong (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root, peel and navel removed, 1 liang), Renshen (Ginseng, 2 liangs), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine overnight, baked dry and powdered), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine overnight, each 2 liangs). [Text missing regarding processing method].

Rousunrong Wan (Cistanche Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney Qi deficiency causing emaciation, loss of appetite, and pain in the skin, flesh, lower back, and knees.
Ingredients: Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine overnight), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, roots removed), Cishi (Magnetite, fire-calcined, quenched in vinegar seven times), Lurong (Deer Antler, roasted with butter), Gui (Cinnamon Bark, coarse bark removed), Bajitian (Morinda Root, hearts removed), Duzhong (Eucommia Bark, stir-fried to remove silk), Muxiang (Costus Root) (each 1 liang), Fupenzi (Raspberry, 1 liang). All ingredients are powdered, and refined honey is used to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each [dose taken with warm wine].

Rousunrong Wan (Cistanche Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing frequent and slippery urination, weakness in the shins, and gradual emaciation.
Ingredients: Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine overnight), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Bai Jili (Tribulus Fruit, stir-fried, spines removed), Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg-case, stir-fried, each 2 liangs), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, stir-fried), Longgu (Fossilized Bone, ground, each 2 liangs), Huangqi (Astragalus, stir-fried), Tusizi (Dodder Seed), Shihu (Dendrobium Stem, roots removed) (each 1.5 liangs). All ingredients are powdered, and refined honey is used to form pills the size of paulownia seeds.

Shi Zhongru Wan (Stone Calcium Carbonate Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing bone flaccidity and emaciation, weakness in walking, shortness of breath, and mutual pulling pain in the lower back and back.
Ingredients: Shi Zhongru (Stone Calcium Carbonate, 2 liangs), Tusizi (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine, ground into powder, 1 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry, 1 liang), Shechuangzi (Cnidium Fruit, 1 liang), Huangqi (Astragalus, 2 liangs), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root) [Text missing]. [Text missing regarding processing method]. Take with warm wine on an empty stomach, at noon, and at midnight.

Tusizi Wan (Dodder Seed Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency causing depletion of essence and marrow, weak and thin physique, flaccid sinews and bones, pain day and night, and cold lower back and knees. [Text missing].
Ingredients: Tusizi (Dodder Seed, soaked in wine, 3 liangs), Rousunrong (Cistanche, soaked in wine), Tianxiong (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root, processed, peel and navel removed, each 2 liangs), Gusuibu (Drynaria Rhizome, de-haired, 1 liang), Yiyiren (Coix Seed, stir-fried), Dilong (Earthworm, de-soil, baked dry, each 1 liang), Shi Liuhuang (Elemental Sulfur, ground, 0.5 liang). All ingredients are powdered, cooked into a paste with wine, and formed into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take on an empty stomach with warm wine.

Lurong Wan (Deer Antler Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney injury and exhaustion, weakness in lower back and knees, thin physique with bone flaccidity, dizziness and heaviness of head and eyes, sudden vertigo, and pain in the neck and back.
Ingredients: Lurong (Deer Antler, roasted with butter), Tianxiong (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root, processed, peel and navel removed), Baifuzi (Typhonium Rhizome), Lusui (Deer Marrow, de-membraned, separately ground into paste, each 1 liang), Anayu (Sea Otter Genitalia, 1 pair, roasted with butter). [Text missing regarding processing method].

Bajitian Wan (Morinda Pill) (from *Jisheng Bacuì*): Treats Kidney deficiency and cold, emaciated body, bone flaccidity, lower back and leg pain, cold pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, loss of taste, and [walking difficulties].
Ingredients: Bajitian (Morinda Root, hearts removed), Buguzhi (Psoralea Fruit, stir-fried, each 0.5 liang), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite, processed, peel and navel removed), Xiangzi (Amomum Fruit, stir-fried, 0.5 liang). All ingredients are powdered. Half is boiled with wine into a paste, and the other half is pounded and mixed to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills each time on an empty stomach before meals, washed down with salted water.