Library

Qifu Yin (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 7) Daying Jian (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 14) Dabu Yuanyuan Jian (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 1) Zuogui Yin (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 2) Yougui Yin (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 3) Jiajian Yiyin Jian (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 9) Ningzhi Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 114) Yuanzhi Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 113) Bawu Dingzhi Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 117) Ningzhi Gao (Supplemental Formula No. 115) Yangxin Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 79) Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cold Category, Formula No. 142) Yying Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 91) Wendan Tang (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 151) Zhusha Xiaotan Yin (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 100) Liyin Jian (Newly Warming Category, Formula No. 3) Eryin Jian (Newly Supplemented Formula No. 10) Jiawei Siqu Tang (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 98) Xiaoyao Yin (New Etiology Category, Formula No. 1) Jiangshu Tang (Warming Category, Formula No. 88) Jianyao Jizhong Fang (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 356) Shisiyou Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 118) Fuling Yinzi (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 94)

Guipi Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 32) Renshen Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 150; functions: consolidates essence and calms the spirit) Renshen Yangying Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 2) Kaixin San (Supplemental Formula No. 82) Dingzhi Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 116; functions: unblocks Heart Qi) Michuan Suanzaoren Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 85; functions: tonifies Heart Qi) Xingshen Wan (Supplemental Formula No. 112; indicated for deficiency of both Heart and Kidney) Guishen Dan (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 359; indicated for wind-phlegm with deficient fright) Jiawei Sijunzi Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 2; functions: tonifies Spleen and Lung) Suanzaoren Tang (Supplemental Formula No. 84; functions: clears Heart and nourishes Heart) Yuanzhi Yinzi (Supplemental Formula No. 89; functions: warms and tonifies Heart Qi) Pingbu Zhenxin Dan (Supplemental Formula No. 110; functions: settles and nourishes Heart) Tianwang Buxin Dan (Supplemental Formula No. 108; functions: eliminates palpitations and fright) Shiwei Wendan Tang (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 153; indicated for deficient Heart with spermatorrhea) Longnao Jisu Wan (Harmonizing Category, Formula No. 372; indicated for deficient fire with vexation and heat)

In the *Xieke Pian* chapter of *Ling Shu*, the Yellow Emperor asked: When pathogenic factors invade the human body, why do some people suffer from inability to close their eyes and insomnia? Bo Gao replied: When five grains enter the stomach, their dregs, fluids, and Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) are distributed through three pathways. Thus, Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, emerges from the throat, penetrates the Heart vessels, and governs respiration. Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) secretes its fluids, injects them into the vessels, transforms them into blood, and thereby nourishes the four extremities while internally irrigating the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, corresponding to the temporal cycles of the day and night. Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) issues its fierce, rapid, and slippery qi, proceeding first among the four extremities, muscle intervals, and skin without rest. It travels in the Yang aspects during the day and in the Yin aspects at night, often passing through the areas of the Foot Shaoyin meridian to circulate among the Five Zang and Six Fu organs. Now, if Jue Qi (Rebellious Qi) lodges in the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, Wei Qi alone guards the exterior, traveling in the Yang aspects, and cannot enter the Yin aspects. Traveling in the Yang aspects causes Yang Qi to become excessive; when Yang Qi is excessive, the Yang Qiao vessel becomes full. Inability to enter the Yin aspects leads to Yin deficiency; therefore, the eyes remain open. The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How should it be treated? Bo Gao said: Tonify what is insufficient, drain what is excessive, regulate deficiency and excess, unblock the pathways, and expel the pathogen. Administer one dose of Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction); once Yin and Yang are regulated, sleep will resume immediately.

In the *Dahuo Lun* chapter of *Ling Shu*, the Yellow Emperor asked: What qi mechanism causes illness-related insomnia? Qi Bo replied: When Wei Qi cannot enter the Yin aspects, it remains constantly in the Yang aspects. Remaining in the Yang aspects causes Yang Qi to be full; when Yang Qi is full, the Yang Qiao vessel becomes vigorous. Inability to enter the Yin aspects results in Yin Qi deficiency; thus, the eyes remain open. The Yellow Emperor asked: What qi mechanism causes illness-related inability to open the eyes and see? Qi Bo replied: When Wei Qi remains in the Yin aspects and cannot travel in the Yang aspects, remaining in the Yin aspects causes Yin Qi to be excessive; when Yin Qi is excessive, the Yin Qiao vessel becomes full. Inability to enter the Yang aspects results in Yang Qi deficiency; thus, the eyes remain closed. The Yellow Emperor asked: Why do some people sleep excessively? Qi Bo replied: This person has large intestines and stomach, and moist skin, with muscle intervals that are not loose. Large intestines and stomach cause Wei Qi to remain for a long time; moist skin means the muscle intervals are not loose, causing slow movement. Wei Qi usually travels in the Yang aspects during the day and in the Yin aspects at night; thus, when Yang Qi is exhausted, one sleeps, and when Yin Qi is exhausted, one wakes. Therefore, large intestines and stomach cause Wei Qi to remain for a long time; moist skin and tight muscle intervals cause slow movement, leading to prolonged stay in the Yin aspects. If the qi is not clear, one feels sleepy and sleeps excessively. Conversely, small intestines and stomach, smooth and relaxed skin, and loose muscle intervals allow Wei Qi to remain in the Yang aspects for a long time, resulting in less sleep. The Yellow Emperor asked: If it is not a regular meridian pathology, but sudden excessive sleeping occurs, what is the qi mechanism? Qi Bo replied: Pathogenic factors remain in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), causing blockage and obstruction there. After eating or drinking soup, Wei Qi remains in the Yin aspects for a long time and cannot move, causing sudden excessive sleeping. The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How should these pathogenic conditions be treated? Qi Bo replied: First examine the Zang and Fu organs, correct minor errors, then regulate the Qi. For excess conditions, use draining methods; for deficiency conditions, use tonifying methods. One must first clearly understand the physical and emotional states of the patient before selecting acupoints.

In the *Kouwen Pian* chapter of *Ling Shu*, the Yellow Emperor asked: What qi mechanism causes yawning? Qi Bo replied: Wei Qi travels in the Yang aspects during the day and enters the Yin aspects at midnight. Yin governs the night, and the night governs sleep. Yang governs the upper part, and Yin governs the lower part. Thus, Yin Qi accumulates in the lower part, while Yang Qi is not yet exhausted. Yang pulls upward, and Yin pulls downward; the mutual attraction of Yin and Yang causes frequent yawning. When Yang Qi is exhausted and Yin Qi is excessive, the eyes close for sleep; when Yin Qi is exhausted and Yang Qi becomes excessive, one wakes. Treatment involves draining the Foot Shaoyin meridian and tonifying the Foot Taiyang meridian.

The *Hanche Bing Pian* chapter of *Ling Shu* states: The Yin Qiao and Yang Qiao meridians intersect; Yang enters Yin, and Yin exits Yang, meeting at the outer canthus of the eye. When Yang Qi is excessive, the eyes open; when Yin Qi is excessive, the eyes close.

The *Weiqi Xing Pian* chapter of *Ling Shu* states: At dawn, Yin Qi is exhausted, and Yang Qi emerges from the eyes. When the eyes open, Qi moves upward to the head; at night, it travels in the Yin aspects and reunites at the eyes, completing one cycle.

The *Yingwe Huihe Pian* chapter of *Ling Shu* states: Midnight is the peak of Yin Qi; after midnight, Yin Qi declines. At dawn, Yin Qi is exhausted, and Yang Qi receives Qi. Noon is the peak of Yang Qi; at sunset, Yang Qi declines. At sunset, Yang Qi is exhausted, and Yin Qi receives Qi. At midnight, there is a great convergence, and all people sleep, called "He Yin" (Union of Yin). At dawn, Yin Qi is exhausted, and Yang Qi receives Qi. This cycle continues endlessly, mirroring the rhythms of heaven and earth. The Yellow Emperor asked: What qi mechanism causes the elderly to be unable to sleep at night? And what causes the young and strong to be unable to sleep during the day? Qi Bo replied: In vigorous people, Qi and Blood are abundant, muscles are smooth, airways are patent, and the circulation of Ying and Wei Qi follows normal patterns; thus, they are alert during the day and sleep soundly at night. In the elderly, Qi and Blood decline, muscles become withered, airways become obstructed, and the Qi of the Five Zang organs clashes. Ying Qi becomes deficient, and Wei Qi rebels internally; thus, they lack alertness during the day and cannot sleep at night.

The *Shuire Xuelun* chapter of *Ling Shu* states: Water diseases manifest as abdominal swelling below and wheezing/calling above, with an inability to lie flat, indicating that both the root and branch are diseased.

The *Ping Re Bing Lun* chapter of *Su Wen* states: Inability to lie supine indicates disharmony in the Stomach. Lying supine exacerbates coughing due to pressure on the Lungs. All water disease patients cannot lie flat; lying flat causes fright, which exacerbates coughing.

The *Taiyin Yangming Lun* chapter of *Su Wen* states: Invasion by thief-wind and empty pathogens affects the Yang meridians; irregular diet and lifestyle affect the Yin meridians. Pathogens entering the Yang meridians transmit to the Six Fu organs; those entering the Yin meridians transmit to the Five Zang organs. Transmission to the Six Fu organs causes fever and frequent insomnia, with rebellious Qi causing wheezing; transmission to the Five Zang organs causes abdominal fullness and obstruction, with diarrhea of undigested food below, potentially developing into intestinal dysentery over time.

The *Nidiao Lun* chapter of *Su Wen* states: Inability to lie flat accompanied by noisy breathing indicates rebellion of the Yangming Meridian. The Foot Three Yang meridians normally descend; now they rebel and ascend, causing noisy breathing. The Yangming Meridian is the Stomach meridian; the Stomach is the sea of the Six Fu organs, and its Qi also descends. Rebellion of Yangming Qi prevents it from following its proper pathway, causing inability to lie flat.

The *Xia Jing* states: Disharmony of the Stomach leads to restless sleep. This refers to the aforementioned condition. As for inability to lie flat and wheezing upon lying down, this is caused by the invasion of Water Qi. Water flows along the Jin Ye (Body Fluids). The Kidney is the Water Organ, governing Jin Ye, and also governs sleep and wheezing. The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes the inability to lie supine? Qi Bo replied: The Lungs are the canopy of the Zang organs. When Lung Qi is excessive, the vessels become large; when vessels are large, one cannot lie supine.