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Xinhui (GV22) (Moxibustion, 7 moxa cones; treats nasal diseases, nasal polyps), Shangxing (GV23) (3 or 7 moxa cones; treats turbid nasal discharge), Tongtian (GV6) (Moxibustion, 7 moxa cones; after moxibustion, accumulation in the nose is discharged and the condition cures), Yingxiang (LI20) (treats nasal congestion, excessive rhinorrhea), Renzhong (GV26), Fengfu (GV16), Baihui (GV20), Fengchi (GB20), Dazhui (GV14), Qucha (BL4), Hegu (LI4) (all treat foul-smelling nasal discharge).

Chuanxiong San (Corydalis Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 69), Xionghuang San (Realgar Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 84), Fangfeng Tang (Saposhnikovia Decoction) from *Xuanming Lun* (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 77), Liangge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) (refer to Attack Pathogens Chapter, line 19; Vaccine Chapter, line 83), Liuhuang San (Sulfur Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 89), Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Saposhnikovia and Gardenia Powder) (refer to Attack Pathogens Chapter, line 16), Can'er San (Xanthium Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 73), Qinghua Yin (Clearing Transformation Drink) (refer to New Etiology Chapter, line 13), Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Decoction for Replenishing the Middle and Augmenting Qi) (refer to Tonification Chapter, line 30), Shenyu San (Divine Healing Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 74), Naolou Mifang (Secret Recipe for Brain Leakage) from *Zhengchuan* (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 79), Shiquan Dabu Tang (Decoction for Perfect Great Tonification) (refer to Tonification Chapter, line 20), Huangbai San (Yellow and White Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 80), Roufang from *Qianjin* (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 85), Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) (refer to Cold-Heat Chapter, lines 5-6), Baifan San (Alum Powder) (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 87), Roufang from *Jianyi* (refer to Etiology Chapter, line 86), Huangqin Zhimu Tang (Scutellaria and Anemarrhena Decoction) (refer to Cold-Heat Chapter, line 51).

Chuanxiong Chatiao San (Corydalis Tea-Flushed Powder) (refer to Powders Chapter, line 46; treats wind-cold nasal congestion), Qianghuo Shengfeng Tang (Notopterygium Decoction for Overcoming Wind) (refer to Powders Chapter, line 61; treats wind-heat nasal congestion), Various formulas for the face and nose (see detailed in Etiology Array, lines 69 to 100).

The *Maijie Pian* (Chapter on Pulse Resolution) states: "What is meant by pathogenic factors entering inward causing aphonia is that Yang qi becomes excessive and then declines, thus resulting in aphonia." Internal depletion leading to Jue (reversal cold/convulsion) results in aphonia and paralysis, which is due to Kidney deficiency. When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) qi fails to arrive, it is Jue.

The *Jingmai Pian* (Chapter on Meridians) states: "The Luo-connecting vessel of the Hand-Shaoyin (Heart) meridian is named Tongli (HT5). It follows the meridian into the heart, connects with the root of the tongue, and belongs to the eye system. In excess conditions, it causes chest fullness and support; in deficiency conditions, speech is impaired. Treatment involves taking the point one cun behind the wrist, where it diverges to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian." The Luo-connecting vessel of the Foot-Yangming (Stomach) meridian is named Fenglong (ST40). Its branch follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, ascends to connect with the head and neck, gathers the Qi of various meridians, and descends to connect with the throat. If Qi rebels upward, it causes throat obstruction and hoarseness; in excess, it manifests as mania and cephalalgia; in deficiency, the feet cannot be held and the shins become withered. Treatment involves taking the divergence point of this vessel.

In the *Qibing Lun* (Treatise on Strange Diseases), the Yellow Emperor asked: "Why does a pregnant woman lose her voice in the ninth month?" Qibo replied: "This is because the collateral vessels of the uterus are blocked. The uterine collaterals are connected to the Kidney. The Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian passes through the Kidney and connects to the root of the tongue, hence the inability to speak." The Yellow Emperor asked: "How should it be treated?" Qibo said: "No treatment is needed; it will recover naturally in the tenth month." The Yellow Emperor asked: "If someone suffers from swelling of the chest and neck, chest fullness, and abdominal distension, what disease is this? How did it arise?" Qibo said: "It is named Jue-ni (Reversal Counterflow)." The Yellow Emperor asked: "How should it be treated?" Qibo said: "Moxibustion will cause aphonia; stone therapy (Bianshi) will cause mania. One must wait until the Qi harmonizes before treating." The Yellow Emperor asked: "Why is this so?" Qibo said: "Yang Qi is heavy and rises upward, creating an excess above. Moxibustion causes Yang Qi to enter Yin; entering Yin leads to aphonia. Stone therapy depletes Yang Qi; depletion leads to mania."

The *Daqi Lun* (Treatise on the Great Paradox) states: "If the Stomach pulse is deep, forceful yet choppy, and superficially forceful and large, and the Heart pulse is small, urgent, and firm, these indicate Ge (diaphragmatic obstruction) and Pianku (hemiplegia). In men, it affects the left side; in women, the right side. If there is no aphonia and the tongue moves freely, it is treatable, recovering in thirty days. If accompanied by aphonia, recovery takes three years. For those under twenty years old, death occurs within three years." If the Liver pulse is rapid and violent, following fright, and the pulse is absent or aphonia occurs, no treatment is needed; it will heal spontaneously.

In the *Youhui Wu Yan Pian* (Treatise on Sudden Loss of Speech Due to Worry and Anger), the Yellow Emperor asked: "When a person suddenly loses their voice due to sudden worry and anger, which pathway is blocked? Which Qi flows abnormally, preventing the voice from resonating? I wish to hear the explanation." Master Shao said: "The pharynx is the pathway for water and food. The larynx is the passage for Qi ascending and descending. The epiglottis is the door of sound. The lips are the fan of sound. The tongue is the mechanism of sound. The uvula is the gate of sound. The Hangsang (nasopharynx) is the outlet for distributing Qi. The Henggu (hyoid bone) is directed by Shen (Spirit) and primarily controls the tongue. Therefore, when nasal discharge flows uncontrollably, it is because the Hangsang is not opening, allowing Qi to leak. Thus, if the epiglottis is small and thin, Qi emits quickly, opening and closing are smooth, and exhalation is easy. If the epiglottis is large and thick, opening and closing are difficult, exhalation is slow, hence double articulation (stuttering/heavy speech). Sudden aphonia occurs because Cold Qi lodges in the epiglottis, preventing it from moving; even if it moves, it cannot descend, causing inconsistent opening and closing, hence no sound." The Yellow Emperor asked: "How should acupuncture be applied?" Qibo said: "The Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian ascends to connect with the tongue, links to the Henggu, and terminates at the epiglottis. Bleeding from the blood vessels in two locations will expel turbid Qi. The vessels of the epiglottis ascend to link with the Ren (Conception) Vessel; treating Tianchu (RN22) allows the epiglottis to function."

The *Nidiao Lun* (Treatise on Counter-regulation) states: "Inability to lie flat accompanied by noisy breathing indicates rebellion of the Yangming (Stomach) meridian. The Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyin, and Foot-Yangming meridians normally descend; now they rebel and ascend, causing noisy breathing. If daily activities remain normal but breathing is noisy, this is rebellion of the Lung's collateral vessels. Collateral vessels cannot follow the main meridians up and down, so they stagnate in the main channels without circulating. Since collateral vessel pathology is minor, daily activities remain normal despite noisy breathing."

The *Xuanming Wuqi Pian* (Treatise on the Manifestation of Five Qi) states: "When five types of pathogenic factors disrupt the body, pathogenic factors entering Yang cause mania; entering Yin cause Bi (obstruction) syndrome. Clashing with Yang causes cephalic disease; clashing with Yin causes aphonia. Yang entering Yin brings tranquility; Yin emerging from Yang brings anger. This is called the Five Disruptions."

The *Maiyao Jingwei Lun* (Treatise on the Essence and Subtlety of Pulse Diagnosis) states: "If the Heart pulse is firm and long, one should expect tongue retraction and inability to speak. If the pulse is weak and scattered, Xiao Huan (wasting-thirst ring) will resolve itself."

The *Shengqi Tongtian Lun* (Treatise on Vital Qi Connecting to Heaven) states: "If Yang cannot overcome Yin, the Qi of the Five Zang organs contends, and the Nine Orifices become obstructed."

The *Maidu Pian* (Treatise on Pulse Length) states: "The Five Zang organs constantly inspect the seven orifices above. If the Five Zang organs are disharmonious, the seven orifices are obstructed."

The *Xieqi Zangfu Bingxing Pian* (Treatise on Pathogenic Factors, Zang-Fu, and Disease Manifestations) states: "A very choppy Heart pulse indicates aphonia."

The *Hanre Bing Pian* (Treatise on Cold-Heat Diseases) states: "For sudden aphonia and hard Qi, bleed Futu (LI18) and the root of the tongue."

The *Baoming Quanjiao Lun* (Treatise on Preserving Life and Completing the Corner) states: "Salt tastes salty; its vapor causes moisture to seep from vessels. When a string breaks, its sound becomes hoarse and ruined. When wood rots, its leaves fall. When disease is deep, the voice becomes hiccups. A person exhibiting these three signs is said to have 'Ruined Fu' organs. Toxic drugs cannot treat it, and short needles cannot access it. This represents damage to the skin and flesh, with blood and Qi contending and turning black."

The *Rebing Pian* (Treatise on Heat Diseases) states: "Fei (Flaccidity) disease presents with no body pain and inability to control the limbs. If mental confusion is slight and speech is faint but understandable, it is treatable. If severe, with inability to speak, it is untreatable."

The *Yinyang Yingxiang Dalun* (Great Treatise on Yin-Yang Correspondences) states: "The East generates Wind; on earth it is Wood; in the Zang organs it is the Liver; in the five tones it is Jue; in the five sounds it is Hu (shouting). The South generates Heat; on earth it is Fire; in the Zang organs it is the Heart; in the five tones it is Zhi; in the five sounds it is Xiao (laughter). The Center generates Dampness; on earth it is Earth; in the Zang organs it is the Spleen; in the five tones it is Gong; in the five sounds it is Ge (singing). The West generates Dryness; on earth it is Metal; in the Zang organs it is the Lung; in the five tones it is Shang; in the five sounds it is Ku (crying). The North generates Cold; on earth it is Water; in the Zang organs it is the Kidney; in the five tones it is Yu; in the five sounds it is Shen (groaning)."