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Baidu San (Formula No.: San 36) Sheng San Zi (Formula No.: San 42) Wuwei Yigong San (Formula No.: Bu 4) Baohe Tang (Formula No.: He 147, Efficacy: Expelling pathogens and regulating Qi)
Binglang Jian (Formula No.: He 236) Chen Shi Jia Chuan Zhengqi San (Formula No.: He 22) Tusu Jiu (Formula No.: He 237) Jiangjiao Jiu (Formula No.: He 238)
Lizhong Tang (Formula No.: Re 1) Shengjiang Jian (Formula No.: Re 120) Lengxiang Tang (Formula No.: Re 82) Yangwei Tang (Formula No.: Re 70) Jiaonang Fa (Formula No.: Re 192)
Ganjiang Fuzi Tang (Formula No.: Re 34, Indication: Fever due to Yin syndrome) Erwei Chenfu Tang (Formula No.: Re 118) Fujian Xiang Cha Bing (Formula No.: Yin 302) All formulas in the Plague section can be used as appropriate.

The *Suwen: Yin-Yang Yingxiang Dalun* states: The accumulation of Yang forms Heaven, and the accumulation of Yin forms Earth. Yin is quiet, while Yang is restless; when Yang generates, Yin grows; when Yang kills, Yin stores. Yang transforms into Qi, while Yin takes form. Extreme cold generates heat, and extreme heat generates cold. Cold air generates turbid Yin, while hot air generates clear Yang. If clear Yang resides below, it causes diarrhea with undigested food; if turbid Yin resides above, it causes abdominal distension. This is the reversal of Yin and Yang, leading to disease. Excess Yang results in heat, and excess Yin results in cold. Severe cold may manifest as heat, and severe heat may manifest as cold. Cold damages the形体 (physical body), while heat damages Qi. Excess wind causes tremors, excess heat causes swelling, excess dryness causes dryness, excess cold causes edema, and excess dampness causes loose stools. Excessive joy or anger damages Qi, while extreme cold or heat damages the physical body. Injury by cold in winter leads to warm diseases in spring; injury by wind in spring leads to diarrhea with undigested food in summer; injury by summerheat in summer leads to cough and malaria in autumn; injury by dampness in autumn leads to cough in winter. Excess Yang causes body heat, closed pores, rapid and rough breathing making bending difficult, anhidrosis with fever, dry teeth, irritability, abdominal fullness, poor prognosis, tolerance for winter but not summer. Excess Yin causes body cold, sweating, frequent chills, cold extremities, abdominal fullness, poor prognosis, tolerance for summer but not winter. Pathogenic factors from Heaven (such as Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) damage the Five Zang organs; inappropriate temperature of food and drink damages the Six Fu organs; dampness from the ground damages the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels.

The *Suwen: Tianyuanji Dalun* states: Spirit manifests as Wind in Heaven and Wood on Earth; Heat in Heaven and Fire on Earth; Dampness in Heaven and Earth on Earth; Dryness in Heaven and Metal on Earth; Cold in Heaven and Water on Earth. Thus, Qi exists in Heaven, and Form exists on Earth; the interaction between Form and Qi generates all things.

The *Suwen: Wuyunxing Dalun* states: Heaven and Earth interact, Cold and Summerheat succeed each other; when Qi harmonizes, there is health; when it does not, disease occurs.

The *Suwen: Bai Bing Shisheng Pian* states: Wind, Rain, Cold, and Heat cannot harm people alone unless accompanied by deficiency of healthy Qi.

The *Suwen: Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun* states: Adapting to Spring Qi is the way of nourishing life. Violating it damages the Liver, causing cold transformations in Summer due to insufficient support for growth. Adapting to Summer Qi is the way of nourishing growth. Violating it damages the Heart, causing cough and malaria in Autumn due to insufficient support for harvesting. Adapting to Autumn Qi is the way of nourishing harvesting. Violating it damages the Lungs, causing diarrhea with undigested food in Winter due to insufficient support for storing. Adapting to Winter Qi is the way of storing. Violating it damages the Kidneys, causing flaccidity and cold limbs in Spring due to insufficient support for birth.

The *Suwen: Jingui Zhenyan Lun* states: Late Summer is prone to severe diarrhea and cold middle-jiao syndromes.

The *Suwen: Qijiaobian Dalun* states: When Wood Qi is excessive, Wind prevails, and Spleen Earth is affected; when Fire Qi is excessive, intense heat prevails, and Lung Metal is affected; when Earth Qi is excessive, rain and dampness prevail, and Kidney Water is affected; when Metal Qi is excessive, Dryness prevails, and Liver Wood is affected; when Water Qi is excessive, Cold prevails, and Heart Fire is harmed. When Wood Qi is deficient, Dryness prevails greatly, and the generating Qi fails to respond; when Fire Qi is deficient, Cold prevails greatly, and the governing Qi of growth is ineffective; when Earth Qi is deficient, Wind prevails greatly, and the transforming Qi is not commanded; when Metal Qi is deficient, Hot Fire prevails, and the generating Qi acts instead; when Water Qi is deficient, Dampness prevails greatly, and the growing Qi acts instead.

The *Suwen: Xuanming Wuqi Pian* states: The Heart dislikes Heat, the Lungs dislike Cold, the Liver dislikes Wind, the Spleen dislikes Dampness, and the Kidneys dislike Dryness; this is called the "Five Dislikes."

The *Lingshu: Jingmai Pian* states: Diseases of the Lung meridian include cough, asthma with thirst, irritability, chest fullness, pain or coldness along the anterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat in the palm. When Lung Qi is excessive, there is shoulder and back pain, susceptibility to wind-stroke with sweating after wind-cold exposure, and frequent, scanty urination. When Lung Qi is deficient, there is cold shoulder and back pain, shortness of breath, and changes in urine color. Diseases of the Large Intestine meridian include heat and swelling along the vessel pathway when Qi is excessive, and persistent chills when Qi is deficient. Diseases of the Stomach meridian include heat in the anterior body when Qi is excessive, digestion with easy hunger and yellow urine when Stomach Qi is excessive, and cold shivering in the anterior body with gastric cold causing fullness when Qi is deficient. Diseases of the Heart meridian include yellow eyes, hypochondriac pain, pain or coldness along the posterior medial aspect of the arm, and painful heat in the palm. Diseases of the Kidney meridian include heat in the mouth and dry tongue, swollen throat with upward rushing Qi, dry and painful throat, irritability, heart pain, jaundice, intestinal dysentery, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the spine and thigh, flaccidity, lethargy, and painful heat in the soles. Diseases of the Pericardium meridian include red face and yellow eyes, incessant laughter, irritability, heart pain, and heat in the palms. Diseases of the Gallbladder meridian include abnormal heat on the lateral foot, headache and mandibular pain, pain at the outer canthus, swelling in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla, scrofula, chills with sweating, and malaria.

The *Suwen: Qijue Lun* states: When Kidney transfers Cold to the Spleen, abscesses occur with shortness of breath. When Spleen transfers Cold to the Liver, abscesses and tendon spasms occur. When Liver transfers Cold to the Heart, mania and diaphragmatic obstruction occur. When Heart transfers Cold to the Lungs, Lung Xiao (wasting-thirst) occurs. In Lung Xiao, one drink produces two urinations, which is incurable. When Lungs transfer Cold to the Kidneys, Yong Shui (gushing water) occurs. In Yong Shui, the abdomen is soft upon pressure, water Qi lodges in the Large Intestine, making gurgling sounds when walking quickly, resembling a bag of water. When Spleen transfers Heat to the Liver,惊衄 (fright and epistaxis) occurs. When Liver transfers Heat to the Heart, death ensues. When Heart transfers Heat to the Lungs, Ge Xiao (diaphragmatic wasting-thirst) develops. When Lungs transfer Heat to the Kidneys, Rou Jing (soft spasm) develops. When Kidneys transfer Heat to the Spleen, deficiency and intestinal dysentery develop, which is incurable. When the Bao Organ transfers Heat to the Bladder, strangury and hematuria occur. When Bladder transfers Heat to the Small Intestine, diaphragmatic intestinal obstruction and oral ulcers occur. When Small Intestine transfers Heat to the Large Intestine, Lu Jia and Chen疝 occur. When Large Intestine transfers Heat to the Stomach, excessive eating with emaciation occurs, also called Shi Dan. When Stomach transfers Heat to the Gallbladder, it is also called Shi Dan. When Gallbladder transfers Heat to the Brain, nasal pungency and Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis) occur. In Bi Yuan, turbid discharge flows incessantly, potentially leading to epistaxis and blindness. These are caused by Qi Jue.

The *Lingshu: Shouyao Gangrou Pian* states: Wind and Cold damage the形体, while worry, fear, and anger damage Qi. Damaged Qi affects the Zang organs, resulting in Zang disease; damaged形体 responds in the形体; Wind damages sinews and vessels, responding in them.

The *Suwen: Ke Lun* states: The skin and hair are the exterior correspondence of the Lungs. When pathogens first invade the skin and hair, they follow the correspondence into the Lungs. If cold food enters the Stomach and travels up the Lung meridian to the Lungs, the Lungs become cold. External and internal pathogens combine, lodging in the Lungs, causing Lung cough.

The *Suwen: Cizhi Lun* states: Qi deficiency with body heat is abnormal. Qi excess with body cold results from Cold Damage. Qi deficiency with body heat results from Summerheat Damage. Qi excess indicates Heat, while Qi deficiency indicates Cold.

The *Suwen: Tiaojing Lun* states: Blood and Qi prefer warmth and dislike cold. Cold causes blood to stagnate and fail to flow, while warmth dissipates stagnation. Huangdi asked: How do Cold and Dampness injure people? Qibo answered: When Cold and Dampness invade, the skin relaxes, muscles tighten, Ying Blood stagnates, and Wei Qi departs, constituting Deficiency. Deficiency manifests as insufficient Qi, relieved by pressure which warms the area. Huangdi asked: How does Yin generate deficiency? Answered: Joy causes Qi to sink, sorrow causes Qi to dissipate, leading to empty vessels. With cold food intake, Cold Qi fills the vessels, causing blood stagnation and Qi departure, constituting deficiency. Huangdi asked: Why does Yang deficiency cause external cold? Answered: Yang Qi receives warmth from the Upper Jiao to warm the skin and muscles. External Cold blocks the Upper Jiao, trapping Cold externally, causing chills. Huangdi asked: Why does Yin deficiency cause internal heat? Answered: Fatigue deforms Qi and reduces Grain Qi, blocking the Upper Jiao and Lower Wan. Stomach Qi becomes hot, steaming the chest, causing internal heat. Huangdi asked: Why does Yang excess cause external heat? Answered: Blockage of the Upper Jiao makes the skin dense and pores closed, preventing Wei Qi from venting, causing external heat. Huangdi asked: Why does Yin excess cause internal cold? Answered: Revolving Qi moves upward, accumulating Cold in the chest without release. Warmth departs, leaving only Cold, causing blood stagnation and vessel blockage, resulting in internal cold.

The *Suwen: Cijie Zhenxie Lun* states: Yang excess causes heat, Yin excess causes cold. Cold causes True Qi to depart, leading to deficiency and cold clashing in the skin. Deep invasion of pathogenic Qi allows Cold and Heat to clash and lodge internally. Cold exceeding Heat causes bone pain and muscle wasting; Heat exceeding Cold causes rotting flesh, pus formation, and bone erosion. Knots in the flesh attract Zong Qi; if pathogens remain, Heat turns them to pus, while absence of Heat creates flesh abscesses.

The *Suwen: YinYang Bie Lun* states: Diseases of the Three Yang meridians present with alternating cold and heat.

The *Suwen: Maiyao Jingwei Lun* states: Prolonged Wind leads to alternating cold and heat.

The *Suwen: Taiyin Yangming Lun* states: Those exposed to thief-wind and empty-pathogens receive it in the Yang meridians. Entering the Six Fu organs causes constant fever, restlessness, and upper respiratory wheezing.

The *Suwen: Feng Lun* states: Wind injury may cause alternating cold and heat, Zhong-Re (Heat in the Middle), Zhong-Han (Cold in the Middle), Leprosy, hemiplegia, or wind-bi. Cold causes reduced appetite, Heat causes muscle wasting, leading to chills and anorexia, named Hanre. Wind entering the Yangming Stomach meridian rises to the inner canthus. In obese individuals, Wind cannot vent, causing Zhong-Re and yellow eyes. In thin individuals, Wind vents causing cold, leading to Zhong-Han and tearing.

The *Suwen: Jutong Lun* states: Cold closes pores and stops Qi movement, causing Qi retention. Heat opens pores, unblocks Ying and Wei, and causes profuse sweating, leading to Qi loss.

The *Suwen: Qixue Lun* states: Retention of Ying and Wei, with Wei dispersing and Ying overflowing, leads to Qi exhaustion and blood stasis, causing external heat and internal Qi deficiency. Rapid draining is needed to unblock Ying and Wei. Pathogen overflow and Qi stagnation cause hot pulses and failing flesh, leading to pus, bone marrow consumption, and tissue destruction. Accumulated Cold prevents Ying and Wei circulation, causing muscle contraction, joint stiffness, internal bone-bi, and external numbness, known as insufficiency due to Great Cold in the valleys.

The *Suwen: Maiejie Pian* states: The chills described for Yangming correspond to Wu hour (noon). May represents Yin within excessive Yang; thus, Yang excess combined with Yin causes chills.

The *Lingshu: Jingjin Pian* states: Sinew diseases involve cold causing reverse flexion and tension, and heat causing flaccidity and impotence. Yang tension causes reverse extension, Yin tension causes inability to extend. Quenching acupuncture treats cold tension; burning needles are contraindicated for heat-induced flaccidity.

The *Suwen: Dahuo Lun* states: Hunger without desire to eat is caused by Essence Qi merging with the Spleen and Heat lingering in the Stomach. Stomach Heat digests food quickly (hunger), while reversed Stomach Qi causes cold in the epigastrium (lack of appetite).

The *Suwen: Nidiaolun* Huangdi asked: Why does non-constant warmth or heat cause irritability and fullness? Qibo answered: Scanty Yin and excessive Yang cause heat and irritability. Huangdi asked: Why does internal cold arise without external cold? Answered: Bi Qi accumulation, scanty Yang, and abundant Yin cause cold as if emerging from water. Huangdi asked: Why do limbs feel hot like fire when exposed to wind/cold? Answered: Yin deficiency and Yang excess mean two Yangs combine, overwhelming scarce Yin ("little water cannot extinguish strong fire"). This solitary Yang dominance prevents growth. Huangdi asked: Why does body cold persist despite hot drinks/clothes without shivering? Answered: Excessive Kidney Qi and water-related work weaken Solar Qi, drying Kidney essence. One Water cannot overcome Two Fires (Liver and Heart). Since the Kidney is a solitary organ, it cannot shiver. This is Bone-Bi, leading to joint contracture.

The *Suwen: Pingrebing Lun* states: Where pathogens gather, Qi must be deficient. Yin deficiency attracts Yang, causing shortness of breath, intermittent fever, and sweating. Yellow urine indicates heat in the lower abdomen.

The *Suwen: Qibing Lun* states: Obesity causes internal heat; sweetness causes middle-jiao fullness. Qi overflows, transforming into Xiaoke (wasting-thirst). Treatment uses Orchid Rhizome to remove stale Qi.

The *Suwen: Longtong Pian* Huangdi asked: Why do some injuries heal easily while others do not? Shaoyu answered: Simultaneous injury with more heat heals easily; more cold heals with difficulty.

The *Lingshu: Wuxie Pian* states: Pathogen in the Lungs causes skin pain, cold/heat, asthma, sweating, and cough with shoulder/back movement. Treat with points in the chest and back, pressing until comfort, then puncture, venting via Quepen. Pathogen in the Liver causes hypochondriac pain, cold middle, and bad blood retention, causing joint pulling and leg swelling. Treat with Xingjian to guide胁下, supplement Zusanli to warm the Stomach, drain vessels to scatter bad blood, and use blue veins behind the ear to relieve pulling. Pathogen in the Spleen/Stomach causes muscle pain. Yang excess/Yin deficiency causes Zhong-Re and hunger; Yang deficiency/Yin excess causes Zhong-Han, borborygmus, and abdominal pain. Both excess or both deficiency cause mixed cold/heat, treated at Zusanli.

The *Lingshu: Wulong Jin Ye Bie Pian* states: Summer heat and thick clothing open pores, causing sweating. Cold remaining in intermuscular spaces gathers into foam, causing pain. Winter cold closes pores, stopping Qi and moisture movement; water descends to the Bladder, becoming urine and gas.

The *Suwen: Tongping Xushi Lun* Huangdi asked: Infants with fever and suspended-small pulses? Qibo answered: Warm hands/feet indicate survival; cold indicates death. Infants with wind-heat, wheezing, and shoulder breathing have large pulses. Slow pulses survive; rapid pulses die.

The *Suwen: Maiyao Jingwei Lun* states: Large pulses indicate Yin deficiency and Yang excess (Zhong-Re). Deep, fine, rapid, scattered pulses indicate cold/heat. Floating without agitation indicates Yang/Heat; agitation in hands indicates upper body. Fine and deep indicates Yin/Bone pain; stillness in feet indicates lower body. Yang excess causes fever without sweat; Yin excess causes sweating and cold. Both excess causes no sweat and cold. Pushing outward reveals internal masses; pushing inward reveals external heat.

The *Lingshu: Lunji Zhenshi Pian* states: Hot Chi skin with surging/agitated pulses indicates Warm Disease. Surging/slipping pulses indicate recovery. Cold Chi skin with small pulses indicates diarrhea and Qi deficiency. Burning Chi skin with initial heat then cold indicates alternating cold/heat. Initial cold then heat also indicates alternating cold/heat. Isolated elbow heat indicates upper body heat; hand heat indicates lower body heat. Elbow front heat indicates chest heat; elbow back heat indicates shoulder/back heat. Arm midline heat indicates waist/abdomen heat. Heat below elbow thickness indicates intestinal worms. Palm heat indicates abdominal heat; palm cold indicates abdominal cold. Blue veins on the fish mound indicate Stomach cold. Burning Chi skin with large Renying pulse indicates blood depletion. Hard/large Chi skin with very small pulses and Qi deficiency indicates imminent death. Red vessels reaching the pupil predict death within years based on vessel count.

The *Lingshu: Xieqi Zangfu Bingxing Pian* states: Worry and fear damage the Heart. Physical cold and cold drinks damage the Lungs, combining to cause upward Qi reversal. Six disease variations: Tight pulses indicate Cold; slack pulses indicate Heat. Large pulses indicate excess Qi/deficient Blood; small pulses indicate deficient Qi/Blood. Slippery pulses indicate excess Yang/mild Heat; choppy pulses indicate excess Blood/deficient Qi/mild Cold.

The *Suwen: Pingren Qixiang Lun* states: Cun Kou pulse deep and weak with wheezing indicates cold/heat; slack and slippery indicates Zhong-Re. Cold Chi with fine pulse indicates posterior diarrhea. Rough Chi with constant heat indicates Zhong-Re.

The *Lingshu: Jingluo Lun* states: More Cold causes stagnation and blue/black color; more Heat causes liquidity and yellow/red color.

The *Suwen: Pi Bu Lun* states: Blue color indicates pain; black indicates bi; yellow/red indicates heat; white indicates cold; all five colors indicate mixed cold/heat. Pathogens in sinews/bones: Cold causes spasms and bone pain; Heat causes flaccidity, bone dissolution, muscle wasting, skin breakdown, and hair failure.

The *Lingshu: Wuse Pian* states: Blue/black indicates pain; yellow/red indicates heat; white indicates cold. Full/hard Renying indicates Cold injury; full/hard Qikou indicates Food injury.

The *Lingshu: Jingmai Pian* states: Blue collateral color indicates cold and pain; red indicates heat. Stomach cold shows blue vessels on the fish mound; Stomach heat shows red vessels at Yuji. Sudden black indicates chronic bi. Mixed colors indicate mixed cold/heat. Short blue vessels indicate Qi deficiency.

The *Suwen: Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun* Huangdi asked about avoiding Cold in Cold seasons and Heat in Heat seasons. Qibo explained: Do not violate seasonal climates unless treating exterior with Heat or interior with Cold. Violating norms worsens disease. Non-sick individuals suffer generation of disease or exacerbation. Cold violation causes abdominal fullness, pain, and dysentery. Heat violation causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea, carbuncles, depression, bleeding, and strangury. Treatment follows seasonal harmony; violations are treated by overcoming elements.

The *Lingshu: Shichuan Pian*: Qibo stated: Governing people and self-governance require compliance, never opposition. Only by following顺应...