里证者，病之在内在脏也。凡病自内生，则或因七情，或因劳倦，或因饮食所伤，或为
酒色所困，皆为里证。以此言之，实属易见，第于内伤外感之间，疑似之际，若有不明，未
免以表作里，以里作表，乃致大害。故当详辨也。
一、身虽微热，而 汗出不止，及无身体酸疼拘急，而脉不紧数者，此热非
在表也。
一、证似外感，不恶寒，反恶热，而绝无表证者，此热盛于内也。
一、凡病表证，而小便清利者，知邪未入里也。
一、表证已具，而饮食如故，胸腹无碍者，病不及里也。若见呕恶口苦，或心胸满闷不
食，乃表邪传至胸中，渐入于里也。若烦躁不眠，干渴谵语，腹痛自利等证，皆邪入于里也
。若腹胀喘满，大便结硬，潮热斑黄，脉滑而实者，此正阳明胃腑里实之证，可下之也。
一、七情内伤，过于喜者，伤心而气散。心气散者，收之养之。过于怒者，伤肝而气逆
，肝气逆者，平之抑之。过于思者，伤脾而气结，脾气结者，温之豁之。过于忧者，伤肺而
气沉，肺气沉者，舒之举之。过于恐者，伤肾而气怯，肾气怯者，安之壮之。
一、饮食内伤，气滞而积者，脾之实也。宜消之逐之；不能运化者，脾之虚也。宜暖之
助之。
一、酒湿伤阴，热而烦满者，湿热为病也。清之泄之；酒湿伤阳，腹痛泻利呕恶者，寒
湿之病也，温之补之。
一、劳倦伤脾者，脾主四肢也。须补其中气。
一、色欲伤肾而阳虚无火者，兼培其气血；阴虚有火者，纯补其真阴。
一、痰饮为患者，必有所本，求所从来，方为至治。若但治标，非良法也。详具本条。
一、五脏受伤，本不易辨，但有诸中必形诸外，故肝病则目不能视而色青，心病则舌不
能言而舌赤，脾病则口不知味而色黄，肺病则鼻不闻香臭而色白，肾病则耳不能听而色黑。
Li Syndrome (Interior Syndrome) refers to diseases located within the interior organs. Any disease arising from within the body, whether due to emotional disturbances (Seven Emotions: joy, anger, worry, thought, sadness, fear, and fright), overexertion, dietary injury, or indulgence in alcohol and sexual activity, all constitute Li Syndrome. In this regard, it is indeed easy to observe; however, between internal injury and external contraction, at times of ambiguity and similarity, if one is unclear, there is a risk of mistaking exterior for interior or interior for exterior, thereby causing great harm. Therefore, careful differentiation is required.
1. Although the body has slight fever, sweating continues incessantly, and there is no body soreness, stiffness, or urgency, with a pulse that is not tight and rapid, this heat is not on the exterior.
2. The symptoms resemble an external contraction, but there is no aversion to cold, rather an aversion to heat, and absolutely no exterior syndrome signs; this indicates excessive heat within the interior.
3. For any disease presenting with exterior syndrome signs, if urination is clear and smooth, it is known that the pathogen has not entered the interior.
4. If exterior syndrome signs are fully present, yet diet remains normal and the chest and abdomen feel unobstructed, the disease has not reached the interior. However, if vomiting, nausea, bitter taste in the mouth, or chest/epigastric fullness and loss of appetite appear, this signifies that the exterior pathogen has transmitted to the chest and is gradually entering the interior. If restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth/thirst, delirious speech, abdominal pain, and spontaneous diarrhea occur, these are all signs that the pathogen has entered the interior. If abdominal distension, wheezing, and fullness, hard and constipated stool, tidal fever, macules/rash, jaundice, and a slippery and excess pulse appear, this is a typical Interior Excess Syndrome of the Yangming Stomach Fu organ, which can be treated with purgation.
5. Internal injury caused by the Seven Emotions: Excessive joy injures the Heart, causing Qi to scatter. Scattered Heart Qi should be gathered and nourished. Excessive anger injures the Liver, causing Qi to rebel upward. Rebellious Liver Qi should be pacified and restrained. Excessive thinking injures the Spleen, causing Qi to knot. Knotted Spleen Qi should be warmed and resolved. Excessive sorrow injures the Lung, causing Qi to sink. Sinking Lung Qi should be dispersed and lifted. Excessive fear injures the Kidney, causing Qi to become timid/weak. Timid Kidney Qi should be anchored and strengthened.
6. Internal injury from diet: If Qi stagnation leads to accumulation, it is a Spleen Excess pattern. It is suitable to use methods of digestion and expulsion. If transformation and transportation fail, it is a Spleen Deficiency pattern. It is suitable to use methods of warming and assisting.
7. Alcohol-dampness injuring Yin, resulting in heat and vexation/fullness, is a Damp-Heat disease. It should be cleared and drained. Alcohol-dampness injuring Yang, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea, is a Cold-Damp disease. It should be warmed and tonified.
8. Overexertion injuring the Spleen: Since the Spleen governs the four limbs, one must tonify the Middle Qi.
9. Sexual indiscretion injuring the Kidney leading to Yang deficiency without fire: Tonify both Qi and Blood concurrently. If Yin deficiency with fire exists: Purely tonify True Yin.
10. Phlegm-fluid retention as a disease must have a root cause; seeking its origin is the ultimate treatment. Treating only the branch symptoms is not a good method. Details are provided in the relevant section.
11. Injury to the Five Zang organs is inherently difficult to differentiate, but internal pathology inevitably manifests externally. Thus, Liver disease presents as inability to see and greenish complexion; Heart disease presents as inability to speak and red tongue; Spleen disease presents as loss of taste and yellowish complexion; Lung disease presents as inability to smell odors and pale complexion; Kidney disease presents as inability to hear and blackish complexion.