即野鸡
甘酸温小毒。
发明 埤雅云，蛇交雉则生蜃，蜃为雉入大水所化。推其变化之源，必由异气所感。《
水经》云，蛇雉遗卵于地而为蛟，其卵遇雷则入地，不遇雷则仍为雉，于此可悟其化蜃，总
由灵蛇之性未泯，不得山灵之气，遂其飞腾，则得沧溟之气，恣其吞吐，是与虹霓奚择哉。
《别录》言其补中益气力，止泄痢，除蚁 。此指寻常之雉而言。《千金》以之治蚁 ，因
其喜于食蚁，乃用以制之也。《周礼》包人供六禽，雉是其一，亦食品之贵。然有毒，不可
常食，有病患尤非所宜。而春夏不可食者，以其食虫蚁也。时珍曰，雉属离火，鸡属巽木，
故煮鸡则冠变，煮雉则冠红。火性暴烈，发痔发疮，与家鸡子同食令人发疰，周身疼痛，为
患种种，恶得谓之无毒乎？
酸甘平无毒。种类有四，小而纯黑者为乌，大嘴而腹下白者为鸦，并入药用；其
项白而大者为燕乌，嘴赤而小者为山乌，皆不入药。
发明 慈乌反哺，性禀孝慈。《嘉 》虽有补劳治瘦之功，骨蒸羸弱咳嗽之治，然血
肉之中岂无他味，而忍伤孝慈之物哉。乌鸦嘴大贪戾伤生，时珍取治暗风痫疾，劳伤吐血咳
嗽，杀虫等病，专取搜逐风毒之用，与慈乌之调补虚羸，各有仁慈刚暴之用。奚啻天渊。
鹊重巢
甘寒无毒。
发明 鹊性灵慧，能知吉凶，观其营巢开户必背太岁而向太乙，非鹁鸠之可比，《别录
》用之为下石淋专药，以其鸣必掉尾，取其周身之气悉向下通也。藏器有云，烧灰淋汁饮汁
，令人淋石自下。苏颂言，妇人不可食，以其相视而通音感而孕也。其脑烧之入酒同饮，令
人相思。苏颂之说得非缘此。鹊重巢，《日华》取多年者烧之，疗癫狂鬼魅及蛊毒，仍呼祟
物名号，亦敷 疮。《千金》治妇人难产，取多年生育相安之义。
[Background Information]
Book: Benjing Fengyuan (Supplement to the Divine Farmer's Materia Medica)
Author: Zhang Lu
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Pheasant / Crow / Magpie
Category: Comprehensive
[Original Text Processing]
That is, wild pheasant.
Sweet and sour in taste, warm in nature, with slight toxicity.
Invention (Elaboration on medicinal efficacy): *Piya* records that when a snake mates with a pheasant, a clam (large shellfish) is produced; the clam is transformed from the pheasant after entering large bodies of water. Tracing the source of this transformation, it must be caused by the influence of disparate qi. *Shuijing Zhu* states that snakes and pheasants lay eggs on the ground which transform into dragons; these eggs, if exposed to thunder, sink into the earth, but if not exposed to thunder, they still hatch into pheasants. From this, one can realize that their transformation into clams stems from the unextinguished nature of the spiritual snake, failing to receive the qi of mountains to facilitate flight, thus receiving the qi of the vast ocean to breathe freely. What difference is there between this and the formation of rainbows? *Mingyi Bie Lu* states that it tonifies the middle, boosts qi and strength, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and eliminates ant-related ailments. This refers to ordinary pheasants. *Qianjin Fang* uses it to treat ant-related ailments because pheasants like to eat ants, so it is used to counteract them. In *Zhou Li*, the Bao Ren offers six types of poultry, among which the pheasant is one, making it a precious food item. However, it contains toxins and should not be consumed frequently; it is particularly unsuitable for those who are ill. Moreover, it should not be eaten in spring and summer because it consumes insects and ants. Li Shizhen said that pheasants belong to Li Fire, while chickens belong to Xun Wood; therefore, when cooking chicken, the comb changes color, but when cooking pheasant, the comb turns red. The nature of fire is violent and can trigger hemorrhoids and sores. Eating it together with domestic chicken eggs can cause infection with Zhudisease (a contagious chronic wasting disease), resulting in whole-body pain and various other harms. How can it be called non-toxic?
Sour and sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. There are four species: small and pure black ones are crows (*Wu*), and those with large beaks and white bellies are jackdaws (*Ya*); both are used medicinally. Those with white necks and large bodies are swallow-crows (*Yanwu*), and those with red beaks and small bodies are mountain crows (*Shanwu*); neither is used medicinally.
Invention: Ciwu (a type of crow) exhibits filial piety by feeding its parents back, inheriting a nature of filial piety and kindness. Although *Jiayou Bencao* records its efficacy in treating exhaustion and emaciation, and curing bone-steaming weakness and coughing, does flesh and blood not contain other flavors? How could one bear to harm such a filial and kind creature? Jackdaws have large beaks, are greedy and vicious, causing harm to life. Li Shizhen used jackdaws to treat dark wind epilepsy (epilepsy), consumption-induced hematemesis and coughing, and parasitic infections, specifically utilizing their ability to search out and expel wind toxins. This contrasts sharply with Ciwu's function of regulating and tonifying deficiency and weakness; each has its own use of benevolence versus rigidity and violence, differing as much as heaven and abyss.
Magpie builds overlapping nests.
Sweet and cold in nature, non-toxic.
Invention: The magpie is intelligent and wise, capable of knowing auspicious and inauspicious signs. Observing their construction of nests and opening of doors, they always face away from the Tai Sui star and towards the Tai Yi star, unlike the turtledove. *Mingyi Bie Lu* uses it as a specific medicine for treating stone strangury (urinary calculi), because when the magpie calls, it wags its tail, implying that the qi of its entire body flows downward. Chen Zangqi stated that burning the magpie to ash, extracting the juice with water, and drinking it allows kidney stones to pass naturally. Su Song stated that women should not eat magpies because they mate through mutual gaze and sound resonance. Drinking wine mixed with ash from the burned brain of a magpie causes lovesickness. Su Song's theory likely originated from this. Regarding "Magpie builds overlapping nests," *Rihua Zi Bencao* takes magpies from nests built over many years, burns them, and treats mania, ghostly possession, and gu poison, still calling out the names of the possessed entities; it can also be applied topically to sores. *Qianjin Fang* treats difficult labor in women, taking advantage of the meaning of long-term reproductive harmony.