（本经中品）
予独不喜其胜酒，恐长安少却人瑞。萍氏掌国，水禁使之，稽酒谨酒，不许百姓沉溺，
并不许本官沉溺，萍性胜酒，稽谨乎沉溺乎。
《别录》以之治风，命名追风使。
【气味】辛寒，无毒。
【主治】主暴热身痒，下水气，胜酒，长须发，止消渴。久服轻身。
【核】曰∶生池泽止水中，季春始生，杨花所化也。一叶经宿，即生九叶，叶下微须，
即其根也。面青背紫者，入药最良；面背皆绿者，不堪入药也。七月收采，置竹筛内，下以
水映之，日晒方干。
【 】曰∶谷雨萍始生，杨花入水乃化也，树根水上，一夕九子，尝与水准，故曰萍也。
周官萍氏，掌国水禁，以不沉溺取名，使之稽酒谨酒也。然亦水萍之性能胜酒尔，盖杨先百
木青，秉春升之敷和，萍性善生衍，秉夏出之蕃茂，但以升出为用，不以风火为气者。以基
于水，遂禀水寒之化，且味专辛发，藉金水之相滋，诚逐风清热，解表汗出，通调水道之良
品也。若长须发，即水液之外荣；止消渴，即水气之内周。久服轻身，形相类也。先人评药
云∶轻飘浮浪，风流洒人易生速计者也。然得寒水之化行，何患其不相继乎。
（本经中品）
【气味】辛寒，无毒。
【主治】主寒热，中风，螈 ，惊痫，邪气，除症坚瘀血，留舍肠胃，安五脏，美颜色，
疗
【核】曰∶出汉中、剑南，及丹州、延州、青州、越州、滁州、和州，近以洛阳者为胜。
二月梗上生条，叶似芍药。三月开花，色状善变，其名或以姓，或以州，或以色，或以地，
或旌其所异者而志之。姚黄、牛黄、左华、魏华、以姓着；青州、丹州、延州红，以州着；
细叶、粗叶，寿安、潜溪绯，以地着。一撒红、鹤翎红、朱砂红、玉板白、多叶紫、甘草黄，
以色着；献来红、添色红、九蕊、真珠、鹿胎花、倒晕檀心、莲花萼、一百五、叶底紫，皆
志其异者。姚黄者，千叶黄花，出于民姚氏家，姚氏居白司马坡，其地属河阳，然花不传河
阳，传洛阳，洛阳亦不甚多，一岁不过数朵。牛黄亦千叶，出于民牛氏家，比姚黄差小，宋
真宗祀汾阴还过洛阳，留宴淑景亭，牛氏献此花，名遂着。甘草黄，单叶，色如甘草，洛人
善别花，见其树，知为某花云，独姚黄易识，其叶嚼之不腥，魏家花者，千叶肉红华，出于
魏相仁溥家，始樵者于寿安山中见之，斫以卖魏氏，魏氏池馆甚大。传者云∶此华初出时，
人有欲阅之者。人税十数钱，乃得登舟渡他至花所，魏氏日收十数缗，其后破亡，鬻其园宅
，今普明寺后，林池乃其地，僧耕之以植桑枣，花传民家甚多。人有数其叶者，云至七百叶
。钱思公有云∶人谓牡丹花王，今姚黄真可为王，而魏花乃后也。 红者，单叶深红花，出
青州，亦曰青州红，故张仆射齐贤，有第西京贤相坊，自青州以 驼驮其种，遂传洛中，
其色类腰带 ，故谓之 红。献来红者，花大多叶，浅红花，张仆射罢相居洛阳，人有献此
花者，因曰献来花。添色红者，多叶花，始开而白，经日渐红，至其落，乃类深红，此造化
之尤巧者。鹤翎红者，多叶花，其末白而本肉红，如鸿鹄羽色，细叶，粗叶。寿安者，皆千
叶肉红花，出寿安县，锦屏山中。细叶者尤佳。倒晕檀心者，叶红，凡花近萼色深，至其末
渐浅，此花自外深色，近萼反浅白，而深檀点，其心，此尤可爱。一 红者，多叶浅红花，
叶杪深红一点，如人以手指 之。九蕊真珠红者，千叶红花，叶上有一白点如珠密，其叶蹙
，其蕊为九丛。一百五者，多叶白花，洛阳花，以谷雨为开候，而此花尝至一百五日开最先
也。丹州、延州花，皆千叶红花，不知其至洛之因，莲花萼，红花青斧，三重如莲花萼。左
花者，千叶紫花，出齐民左氏家，叶密而齐如截，亦谓之平头紫；朱砂红者，多叶红花，不
知其所出，有民闻氏子者，善接花以为生，买地于崇真寺前，治花圃，有此花，洛阳豪家尚
未有，故其名未甚着，花叶甚鲜，向日视之如猩血，叶底紫，千叶紫花，色如墨，亦谓之墨
紫，花在丛中，旁心生一大枝，引叶覆其上，其开也，比他花可延十日之久。噫，造物者亦
惜之耶。此花之出，比他花最远。传云∶唐中宗有宦官，为观军容使者，花出其家，亦谓之
军容紫，岁久失其姓氏矣。玉板白者，单叶，长如拍板之状，色如玉，深檀心，洛阳人家亦
少有。潜溪绯者，千叶绯花，出于潜溪寺，寺在龙门山后，本唐相李藩别墅，今寺中亦无此
花，而人家或有之，本是紫花，忽于丛中特出绯者，不过一二朵，明年移在他枝，洛阳人谓
之转枝花，故其接头尤难得。鹿胎花者，多叶紫花，有白点如鹿胎之纹，故苏相禹 宅今有
之，多叶紫，不知其所出，初姚黄未出时，牛黄为第一，牛黄未出时，魏花为第一，魏花未
出时，左花为第一，左花之前，惟有苏家红、贺家红、林家红三类，皆单叶花，当时为第一，
自多叶花千瓣出后，此花黜矣。今人不复种也，别有状元红、胭脂楼、醉西施、御楼春、寿
阳红、瑞霞蝉、洒金红、腻玉红、迎日红、七宝冠、石家红、凤头娇、绣球红、赤玉盘、海
云红、火焰奴、百叶仙人、娇容三变。曰朱，曰品之以红着者。紫则又有御衣紫、朝天紫、
舞青猊、紫绣球、葛衣紫、淡藕丝、紫云芳、紫姑仙之类。若雪夫人、月宫花、玉芙蓉、万
卷书、无瑕玉、水晶球、粉奴香、合德装。又白中之翘楚，而佛头青，则先绿后白者矣。又
黄之最艳者，如黄绒铺锦、大素、小素、禁苑、庆云、界金楼、小黄娇、软条黄、缕金黄、
欧家碧、种种名相，难以尽述，总属希世之珍，玄工之幻也。牡丹之名，初不载有文本，唯
以药录本草。然于花中不为高第，大都丹延以西，及褒斜道中尤多，与荆棘无异。土人皆取
以为薪，自唐则天以后，洛阳牡丹始盛，然未闻以名著者，如沈宋元白之流，皆善咏花草，
当时有一华之盛者，彼必形于篇咏，而寂无传焉。惟刘梦得有咏鱼朝恩宅牡丹诗，但云一从
千万朵而已，亦不云其美且异也。谢灵运言永嘉竹间水际多牡丹，今越花亦不及洛阳甚远，
是洛阳自古未有若今之盛也。而洛阳之俗，大抵好花，春时城中无贵贱皆插花，虽负担者亦
然。花开时，士庶兢为游遨，往往于古寺废宅，有池台处，为市井张幄布 ，笙歌之声，相
闻最盛者。月坡堤、张家园、棠棣坊、长寿寺、东街，与郭令宅，花落乃罢。盖花之美，在
朝露夕霞，清风明月，华情恬适，色神始艳，或烟雨雾笼，灯火掩映，更增容冶，若日午闹
喧，糟场膻会，此花罹困穷，转添憔悴，及其盛时，每多风妒，亦造化之所忌也。从来洛阳
至东京六驿，旧不进花，自徐州李相迪，为留守时，始进御。岁遣衙校乘驿马，一日一夜至
京师，所进不过姚黄、魏黄三数朵，以菜叶实竹笼子，藉覆之使马上不动摇，用蜡封花蒂，
乃数日不落。大抵洛人家家有花，而少大树者，盖其花不接则不佳尔。春初时洛人，于寿安
山中，斫小栽子，卖城市间，谓之山篦子。人家治地，为畦塍种之，至秋乃接；接花工尤着
者，谓之门园子，豪家无不邀之。姚黄一接头，直钱五千，秋时立契买之，至春见花，始归
其直，洛人甚惜，此花不欲传，有权贵求其接头者，或以汤中蘸杀与之。魏花初出时，接头
亦直钱三千，今尚直一千，接时须用社后重阳前，过此不堪矣。花之木，去地五七寸许，截
之乃接，以泥封裹，用软土拥之，以箬叶作庵子罩之，不令见日雨，惟南向留一小户以达气，
至春乃去其覆，此接花之法也。花种必择善地，尽去旧土，以细泥用白敛末和之。盖牡丹根
甜，多引虫食，白敛能杀虫，此种花之法也。浇花亦自有时，或用日未出时，或日出时。九
月旬日一浇，十月、十一月，三日、二日一浇。正月，间日一浇。二月，一日一浇，此浇花
之法也。一本发数朵者，择其小者去之，只留一二朵，谓之打剥，惧分其脉也。花才落，便
剪其枝，勿令结子，惧其易老也。春初既去箬庵，便以棘数枝，置花丛上，棘气暖，可以辟
霜雹，不损花芽，他大树亦然，此养花之法也。花开渐小于旧者，盖有蛊虫损之，必寻其穴，
以硫黄簪之。其旁又有小穴如铁孔，乃虫所藏处，花工谓之气窗，以大针点硫黄末针之，虫
乃死。虫死花复盛，此医花之法也。乌贼鱼骨，以针花树，入其肤，花辄死，此花之忌也。
入药以山产红花单叶之根皮为贵，盖专精于花者，则力不足于根之皮矣。修事，用铜刀劈破，
去骨，锉如大豆，好酒拌蒸，从巳至未，日干用。畏贝母、大黄、菟丝子。忌蒜、胡荽。伏
砒。
【 】曰∶牡，门户枢。丹，英华色也。取象与色，当入足少阳厥阴。以少阳经主枢，
府主决断，厥阴肝主色，主筋，主藏魂，主藏血，主谋虑故也。牡丹精胜者色，辛发者味，
宣气散生者性，合鼓吾身风大，以全木德者也。故主中风寒热，螈 惊痫，痈肿疮疡，谓外
来风气使然亦可。谓吾身风大不及亦可。症坚瘀血，留舍肠胃，固肝主藏血，坚瘀留碍，则
非所应藏物矣。所当决而断之，安五脏，美颜色，十一脏皆取决于胆，安而后能虑，枢机其
神乎。
（花名补阙）（天香白眉、碧玉点翠、焦白、焚香拱璧、阆苑仙姿、玉蟾、天香湛露、
冰轮乍涌、玉蓝、天香玉液、丽水金丹、胜琼、玲珑玉、金蛾舞翠、荆璞、玉龙鳞、月娥舞
袖、和璧、黄金堆玉、海月辉天、淑素、玉砌琼卮、玉灿银光、璩素、飞琼喷玉、玉兔凌春、
金玉奇逢、瑶池玉露、玉轮星月双辉、玉露含香、冰轮、月轮、苎萝白、蓝田玉、金缨白
、瑞凤楼、琼瑶对燕、连城玉、建白、淡云笼月、松绫白、素魁、金玉交章、鹅绒白、冰山、
金玉交辉、瑶台露、雪塔、软玉、玉珍珠立、金茎露、彩玉、秋水神、栗玉香、露华、嫦娥
坠、金菊黄、抒素、和玉香、潇湘月、金丸、玉生香、真如玉、玺凝辉、雪剪绒、宛若玉、
寒潭月影、玉胜妆、玉盘珠、韩家红、笑微微、乌衣玄奇、龙翔凤舞、金谷毓秀、千娇百媚、
名世红轮、红
(Middle Category in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
I alone do not like its ability to overcome alcohol, fearing it might reduce the number of "human exemplars" (virtuous people who maintain clarity and self-control) in Chang'an. In ancient times, the Ping Shi (Official in charge of water regulations) managed national water prohibitions, using bans on drowning/submersion to inspect and exercise caution regarding drinking. He did not allow commoners to become intoxicated, nor did he allow officials to become intoxicated. Because the nature of duckweed can overcome alcohol, the focus of inspection and caution lies in preventing submersion/intoxication.
The *Bielu* records its use in treating wind disorders, hence naming it "Zhui Feng Shi" (Wind-Chasing Envoy).
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats sudden fever with body itching, promotes urination and descends Qi, overcomes alcohol toxicity, promotes the growth of beard and hair, and stops Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Long-term consumption makes the body feel light.
[Verification] It is stated that: Duckweed grows in the still waters of ponds and marshes, beginning to grow in late spring, transformed from willow catkins falling into the water. One leaf, after passing one night, generates nine leaves; the minute rootlets beneath the leaf are its roots. Those with a green upper surface and purple lower surface are best for medicinal use; those with both surfaces green are unsuitable for medicinal use. Harvested in July, placed in bamboo sieves, reflected by water below, and dried in the sun.
[Commentary] It is said: At the Guyu solar term, duckweed begins to grow; willow catkins enter the water and transform into it. The tree roots are above the water, generating nine offspring in one night, once level with the water, hence called "Ping" (duckweed). The Ping Shi in the *Rites of Zhou* managed national water prohibitions, taking the name from non-submersion, instructing him to inspect and be cautious about drinking. However, this is also due to the nature of aquatic duckweed being able to overcome alcohol. Generally, the willow turns green before other trees, embodying the spreading and harmonizing energy of spring's ascent. Duckweed has a nature good at proliferation, embodying the luxuriant growth of summer's emergence, but uses only ascending and emerging functions, not relying on wind and fire as Qi. Based on water, it inherits the transformation of water coldness, and its flavor is specifically pungent and dispersing, benefiting from the mutual nourishment of Metal and Water. It is indeed an excellent product for expelling wind, clearing heat, releasing the exterior through sweating, and regulating water passages. As for promoting beard and hair growth, this is the external flourishing of fluid essence; stopping wasting-thirst is the internal circulation of water Qi. Long-term consumption leads to a light body due to the similarity in form. An ancestor commented on drugs: "Light, floating, and frivolous, those with a romantic and unrestrained temperament may easily develop hasty calculations." However, if acted upon by the transformation of cold water, why worry about lack of continuity?
(Middle Category in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats alternating chills and fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, fright and epilepsy, pathogenic factors, eliminates fixed masses and blood stasis, clears stagnation remaining in the stomach and intestines, calms the Five Zang organs, beautifies complexion, and treats... [Text missing here].
[Verification] It is stated that: Produced in Hanzhong, Jiannan, and Danzhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Yuezhou, Chuzhou, and Hezhou. Recently, those from Luoyang are considered superior. In February, branches grow on the stems, leaves resemble those of Peony (*Paeonia lactiflora*). Flowers bloom in March, with colors and shapes varying greatly. Names are derived from surnames, place names, colors, or locations, or record their unique characteristics. Yao Huang (Yellow Yao), Niu Huang (Yellow Cattle), Zuo Hua (Left Flower), Wei Hua (Wei Flower) are famous by surname; Qingzhou Red, Danzhou Red, Yanzhou Red are famous by place; Fine Leaf, Coarse Leaf, Shou'an, Qianxi Crimson are famous by location. Yi Sa Hong (One-Splash Red), Heling Hong (Crane Feather Red), Zhusha Hong (Cinnabar Red), Yuban Bai (Jade Board White), Duo Ye Zi (Many-Petal Purple), Gancao Huang (Licorice Yellow) are famous by color; Xianlai Hong (Presented Red), Tiansai Hong (Added Color Red), Jiu Rui (Nine Stamen), Zhenzhu (Pearl), Lutai Hua (Deer Fetus Flower), Daoyun Tanxin (Reverse Halo Sandalwood Heart), Lianhua E (Lotus Sepal), Yibaiwu (One Hundred Five), Yedi Zi (Leaf Bottom Purple) all record their uniqueness. Yao Huang is a multi-petaled yellow flower originating from the Yao family in Minyan. The Yao family resided at Baisima Po, belonging to Heyang, but the flower did not spread in Heyang, rather to Luoyang. It is rare even in Luoyang, yielding only a few blooms per year. Niu Huang is also multi-petaled, originating from the Niu family, slightly smaller than Yao Huang. Emperor Zhenzong of Song, returning from sacrifices at Fen Yin, passed Luoyang and stayed for a banquet at Shujing Pavilion, where the Niu family presented this flower, making it famous. Gancao Huang is single-petaled, colored like licorice. Luoyang people are skilled at identifying flowers; seeing the tree, they know the variety. Only Yao Huang is easy to identify; chewing its leaves yields no fishy taste. Wei Family Flower is a multi-petaled fleshy-red flower originating from the residence of Chancellor Ren Pu of the Wei family. Initially seen by a woodcutter in Mount Shou'an, sold to the Wei family, whose gardens were vast. Legend says when this flower first appeared, visitors paid a fee to cross a boat to see it, earning the Wei family significant daily income. Later, the Wei family declined and sold their estate, now behind Puming Temple, where monks farm mulberry and jujube. The flower spread widely among commoners. Some counted up to 700 leaves. Qian Sigong said: "People call Peony the King of Flowers; now Yao Huang truly deserves the title, while Wei Flower is the Queen." Crimson type: Single-petaled deep red, from Qingzhou, also called Qingzhou Red. Zhang Puyue Qixian had a mansion in Xianxiang Fang, West Capital, transporting seeds via camel from Qingzhou, spreading it to Luoyang. Its color resembles a belt, hence called ... Red (Text missing). Xianlai Hong: Large, multi-petaled, pale red. Presented to Zhang Puyue after his dismissal in Luoyang, hence named. Tiansai Hong: Multi-petaled, white when opening, turning red over days, deep red when fading; a marvel of creation. Heling Hong: Multi-petaled, white tips, fleshy-red base, resembling crane feathers. Shou'an: All multi-petaled fleshy-red, from Shou'an County, Jinping Mountain. Fine-leaf varieties are best. Daoyun Tanxin: Leaves red; usually flowers deepen near sepals and lighten at tips, but this flower is dark externally, light near sepals, with dark sandalwood spots in the center; particularly lovely. ... Red (Text missing): Multi-petaled pale red, with a deep red dot at the leaf tip, like a finger mark. Jiurui Zhenzhu Hong: Thousand-petaled red, with dense white pearl-like dots on leaves, crinkled leaves, nine clusters of stamens. Yibaiwu: Multi-petaled white, Luoyang variety, blooming earliest around day 105. Danzhou and Yanzhou flowers are thousand-petaled red; origin of their spread to Luoyan unknown. Lianhua E: Red with green sepals, triple-layered like lotus calyx. Zuo Flower: Thousand-petaled purple, from Qi Min Zuo family, leaves dense and neat, also called Pingtou Zi. Zhusha Hong: Multi-petaled red, origin unknown. A man named Wen, son of a commoner, skilled in grafting, bought land before Chozhen Temple, cultivated this flower. Luoyang nobles lacked it, so it was not very famous. Flowers and leaves are fresh, looking like scarlet blood in sunlight. Yedi Zi: Thousand-petaled purple, ink-black, also called Mozi. Grows in clumps, producing a large branch covering leaves; blooms last ten days longer than others. Alas, does Creation cherish it? This flower appears latest. Legend: During Tang Zhongzong's reign, a eunuch serving as Military Observer possessed this flower, also called Junrong Zi; lineage lost over time. Yuban Bai: Single-petaled, paddle-shaped, jade-colored, dark sandalwood heart, rare in Luoyang homes. Qianxi Fei: Thousand-petaled crimson, from Qianxi Temple behind Longmen Mountain, formerly Li Fan's villa. Temple lacks it, but private homes have it. Originally purple, suddenly produced one or two crimson blooms in a cluster, moving to other branches next year. Luoyang calls it "Turning Branch Flower"; grafts are hard to find. Lutai Hua: Multi-petaled purple with white deer-fetus-like patterns, found in Chancellor Su Yu's residence. Multi-petaled purple, origin unknown. Before Yao Huang, Niu Huang was first; before Niu Huang, Wei Flower was first; before Wei Flower, Zuo Flower was first. Before Zuo Flower, only Su Family Red, He Family Red, Lin Family Red (all single-petaled) were first. After multi-petaled varieties emerged, these were demoted and no longer planted. Others include Zhuangyuan Hong, Yanzhi Lou, Zuixishi, Yulou Chun, Shouyang Hong, Ruixia Chan, Sajin Hong, Niyu Hong, Yingri Hong, Qibao Guan, Shijia Hong, Fengtoujiao, Xiuqiu Hong, Chiyupan, Haiyun Hong, Huoyannu, Baiye Xianren, Jiarong Sanbian. Named Zhu (Vermilion), noted for red. Purples include Yuyi Zi, Chaotian Zi, Wuqingni, Zixiuqiu, Ge Yi Zi, Dan'ousi, Ziyunfang, Ziguxian. Whites include Xue Furen, Yuegong Hua, Yuronghua, Wanjuanshu, Wuxia Yu, Shuijingqiu, Fenuxiang, He De Zhuang. Among whites, top varieties include Fotou Qing (green then white). Yellows include Huangrong Pujin, Dasu, Xiaosu, Jinyuan, Qingyun, Jiejing Lou, Xiaohuangjiao, Runtiao Huang, Lüjin Huang, Oujiabi. Countless names, hard to list, all rare treasures and artisan illusions. Peony names were not recorded in texts initially, only in pharmacopoeias. Not highly ranked among flowers, abundant west of Danyan and in Baoxie Road, indistinguishable from thorns. Locals used them as firewood. Since Empress Wu Zetian, Luoyang peonies flourished, though none became famous in literature. Shen, Song, Yuan, Bai wrote of flowers, but no specific peony fame was recorded. Liu Mengde wrote of Yu Chao'en's peonies, mentioning "thousands of blooms" but not their beauty. Xie Lingyun said Yongyou had many peonies, but Yue flowers are far inferior to Luoyang ones. Luoyang custom loves flowers; all insert them in spring, even laborers. During bloom, scholars and commoners tour ancient temples and ruins with pools, setting up tents and music. Most popular spots: Yuepo Di, Zhangjiayuan, Tangdi Fang, Changshou Si, East Street, Guo Ling Zhai. Blooms end tours. Flower beauty lies in morning dew, evening clouds, clear wind, bright moon; tranquility enhances color. Mist and lanterns add allure. Noise and filth cause drooping. Wind jealousy harms peak bloom, a taboo of Creation. From Luoyang to Tokyo (Kaifeng), six stations, previously no tribute. Started under Li Di, Prefect of Xuzhou. Officials rode fast horses, arriving in one day/night. Tribute limited to Yao Huang and Wei Huang, a few blooms, packed in bamboo baskets with vegetable leaves, wax-sealed stems to prevent falling. Luoyang homes have flowers but few large trees; grafting improves quality. Early spring, small cuttings ("Shanbi") sold in cities. Planted in beds, grafted in autumn. Expert grafters ("Men Yuanzi") hired by nobles. Yao Huang graft costs 5000 coins, paid in spring after blooming. Luoyang cherishes this flower; some kill grafts to deny power seekers. Wei Flower graft cost 3000 coins, now 1000. Grafting done between She Festival and Double Ninth Festival. Wood cut 5-7 cun above ground, grafted, mud-sealed, soft soil mounded, covered with bamboo leaves to exclude sun/rain, south vent left open. Removed in spring. Soil must be fine, mixed with *Bai Lian* powder to deter insects attracted to sweet roots. Watering schedule varies by month. Pinch excess buds ("Dabo") to preserve vitality. Prune after bloom to prevent seed set and aging. Thorn branches protect against frost/hail. Sulfur inserted into holes to kill worms ("Yi Hua"). Cuttlefish bone kills flowers ("Hua Zhi"). Medicinal use prefers root bark of wild single-petaled red peony. Process with copper knife, slice, steam with wine, dry. Adversely affected by *Bei Mu*, *Da Huang*, *Tusi Zi*. Avoid garlic, *Husui*. Counteracts arsenic.
[Commentary] "Mu" refers to the pivot of a door. "Dan" refers to the color of brilliance. Corresponding to images and colors, it enters the Foot Shaoyang and Jueyin meridians. Shaoyang governs the pivot and decision-making; Jueyin Liver governs color, sinews, stores Hun (Ethereal Soul), stores Blood, and plans. Peony excels in color, pungency disperses, nature promotes Qi flow and generation, resonating with Wind element to complete Wood virtue. Thus it treats wind-stroke chills/fever, convulsions, epilepsy, sores, ulcers—either from external wind pathogens or internal Wind deficiency. Fixed masses and blood stasis in intestines/stomach relate to Liver storing Blood; obstruction prevents proper storage, requiring resolution. Calming Five Zang and beautifying complexion relates to Gallbladder's decision-making; peace allows contemplation; the pivot is its spirit.
(Addendum to Flower Names) (Tianxiang Baimei, Biyu Diancui, Jiaobai, Fenxiang Gongbi, Langyuan Xianzi, Yuchan, Tianxiang Zhanlu, Binglun Zhayong, Yulan, Tianxiang Yuye, Lishui Jindan, Shengqiong, Linglong Yu, Jin'e Wucui, Jingpu, Yulong Lin, Yue'e Wuxiu, Hebi, Huangjin Duiyu, Haiyue Huitian, Shusu, Yuqi Qiong Zhi, Yucan Yinguang, Qusu, Feiqiong Penyu, Yutu Lingchun, Jinyu Qifeng, Yaochi Yulu, Yulun Xingyue Shuanghui, Yulu Hanxiang, Binglun, Yuelun, Zhuluo Bai, Lantian Yu, Jinying Bai, Ruifeng Lou, Qiongyao Duiyan, Liancheng Yu, Jianbai, Danyun Longyue, Songling Bai, Sukui, Jinyu Jiaozhang, Erong Bai, Bingshan, Jinyu Jiaohui, Yaotai Lu, Xueta, Ruyu, Yuzhuzhen Li, Jinjing Lu, Caiyu, Qiushui Shen, Liyu Xiang, Luhua, Chang'e Zhui, Jinju Huang, Shusu, Heyu Xiang, Xiaoxiang Yue, Jinwan, Yushengxiang, Zhenruyu, Xi Ninghui, Xuejianrong, Wanruoyu, Hantan Yueying, Yusheng Zhuang, Yupan Zhu, Hanjia Hong, Xiaoweimei, Wuyi Xuanqi, Longxiang Fengwu, Jinggu Yuxiu, Qianjiao Baimei, Mingshi Honglun, Hong)