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Broaden the middle and dissipate stagnation.
Sweet and neutral in nature. It broadens the middle, directs qi downward, and dissipates stagnant qi in the intestines and stomach. It was introduced from Hu lands during the Yuan Dynasty. Its flavor is slightly similar to that of radish (Raphani Semen), hence the name. There are two varieties: yellow and red.
The seeds resemble Anethum graveolens (Dill). They can be used as a condiment. It treats epidemic dysentery.

Unblocking and clearing latent heat.
Sweet and neutral. Clears latent heat. Also treats wind-heat caused by stroke affecting the head. Benefits the teeth, mouth, large intestine, and small intestine. Treats irritability and thirst. Metrorrhagia and leukorrhea. Five types of jaundice. (For hematuria, crush Celery Stalk and Leaf (Apiae Tenuifoliae Rhizoma et Radix) into juice, take 2 he (Chinese unit of volume) daily.)

Purging and dissipating nodules.
Sweet and cold. Removes vexatious heat in the epigastrium. Treats scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis). Phlegm-nodules and accumulated qi. Promotes the discharge of blood stasis. Stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea. (For phlegm-nodules, dry Apium graveolens (Celery) in the sun, grind into powder, fry with oil to make a paste, apply externally and massage, 3-5 times daily, for recovery.)

Ancient name: Tonghao. Disseminating and resolving phlegm, benefiting urination and defecation.
Sweet, pungent, and cool. Calms the heart qi. Harmonizes the spleen and stomach. Resolves phlegm-fluids. Benefits the intestines and stomach.

Also known as Songcai. Harmonizing the middle, unblocking the zang-fu organs.
Sweet and neutral. Benefits the intestines and stomach. Removes vexation in the chest. Relieves post-alcohol thirst. Digests food, directs qi downward. Treats miasma. Stops cough due to heat. Harmonizes the middle. Benefits urination and defecation.
Those with round and thick stems are called Chinese Cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). Those with flat and white stems, tender, yellow, and crisp, are called Yellow Sprout Cabbage. They are especially delicious and beneficial. (For erysipelas in children, which wanders up and down the body, death occurs if it reaches the heart; crush Songcai sprouts and apply topically, effective. For sores caused by lac poisoning, crushing and applying is also wonderful.) The above belong to the acrid-warm category.

Also known as Spinach. Unblocking the zang-fu organs and blood vessels.
Sweet and warm. (Ancient materia medica all stated it was cold; however, modern experience shows only warmth, not coldness.) Slippery, slightly toxic. Benefits the five zang organs. Unblocks blood vessels.
Opens the chest and diaphragm. Resolves alcohol toxicity. Disseminates intestinal and stomach heat. Directs qi downward, harmonizes the middle. Stops thirst, moistens dryness. The root is particularly good.

Benefiting the zang organs and harmonizing the middle.
Sweet and warm. Benefits the five zang organs. Tonifies the liver, harmonizes the middle. The root tonifies the stomach, brightens the eyes. Treats eye pain. Burn the leaves together with the root to ash. Extremely effective for bloody and non-bloody dysentery. (Mix with honey water.
Buddhists use its stalks as wick-trimmers, which can repel mosquitoes and moths, called "Life-Protecting Grass," because it protects living beings.)
The seed, named Tinglizi, also known as Ximingzi. Brightens the eyes. Sweet and neutral. Dispels wind-heat toxins. Brightens the eyes. Treats eye pain and blindness. (In years of famine, collect the seeds, mix with water to form a mass, cook into porridge or cakes, very sticky and slippery.) The flowers treat chronic dysentery. (Dry in shade, grind into powder, take 2 qian daily with jujube soup.) Repel mosquitoes and moths. (Place under mats)