粉沙参
即土参，出江浙。
救穷草
即黄精似玉竹者，俗呼玉竹黄精，又一种似白芨，俗呼白芨黄精，又呼山生姜。
萎蕤
即玉竹。
野白术
俗呼天生术。
定风草
即天麻茎，名赤箭。
甜桔梗
即荠 ，一名空沙参，乃一类二种也。
仙灵脾
一名淫羊藿。
胡王使者
即羌活。
山漆
亦作三七，略似人参，俗呼参三七。
野丈人
即白头翁，亦名胡王使者。
枯芩
黄芩之中空者，亦名片芩。
条芩
黄芩之中实者，亦名子芩。
鹤虱
即天名精子。
兰草
亦名大泽兰，俗呼省头草、兰泽草香草，盖兰草泽兰一类二种也。
芎
川产者佳，故称川芎。
蓬莪术
即莪术，一名蓬术，亦作蓬莪术。
金盏银台
即王不留行。
莎草根
即香附。
青木香
即广木香。
缩砂密
即砂仁。
草果
亦名草豆蔻。
肉豆蔻
一名肉果。
荜茇
茇一作拨
假苏
即荆芥。
补骨脂
一名破故纸。
薄苛
一作薄荷。
龙脑薄荷
一名鸡苏，亦名水苏。
红豆蔻
即良姜子。
草
一名白米饭草，亦名糯米饭草
红蓝花
即红花。
扁竹
一名 蓄。
瞿麦
俗呼其花为洛阳花。
黄花果
即佛耳草，一名鼠曲草。
鳢肠
即旱莲草，一名金陵草。
女菀
即紫菀之白者。
草决明
一名青葙子，野鸡冠子也。
茺蔚
即益母草。
棉花
即木棉。
乌头
即附子之母，附生者为附子，细长者为天雄，连生者为侧子，尖名乌附尖。
乌喙
即草乌头。
虎掌
即南星为末入牛胆，名胆星。
黑丑
即牵牛子之黑者。
大力子
即牛旁子，一名鼠粘子，又名恶实。
白鹤仙
即玉簪。
地松
即天名精，一名活鹿草，又名虾蟆蓝。
杜牛膝
即天名精根。
乌
一名射干，又名乌扇。
贯众
一作管仲。
千金子
即续随子
重楼金线
一名蚤休。
生军
即大黄之生用者，如制熟名制军，大黄极寒，硫黄极热，故并号将军。
凌霄花
即紫葳花。
蜀黍
即常山茎叶。
急性子
即凤仙子，其花亦名金凤花。
野天门冬
即百部。
过山龙
即茜草。
忍冬藤
即银花藤叶。
金银花
亦呼银花。
土青木香
即马兜铃根。
栝楼
俗作瓜蒌。
花粉
即瓜蒌根。
交藤
即何首乌赤者，外科称为疮帚。
木通
古称通草。
通草
古称通脱木。
番莱菔子
即胡卢巴。
骨碎补
即猴姜俗称申姜。
旋花
即旋 ，亦名鼓子花，其花不作瓣状，如军中所吹鼓子故名，千叶者似牡丹，俗呼缠
枝牡丹。
金沸草
一名旋复花。
木斛
即石斛之味苦者。
苡
即车前子。
慎火草
一名景天，俗呼火焰草。
血见愁
一名地锦，俗称血竭，又名酱瓣草。
蜀葵子
即冬葵子。
仙遗粮
即土茯苓，俗呼冷饭团。
卷耳
即苍耳子，一名 耳，又名羊负来。
千年
一名万年青。
过冬青
一名雪里青。
青木香藤
一名天仙藤。
闹羊花子
一名土连翘。
金灯笼
即山慈姑，又名毛姑。
营实
即蔷薇子。
月季花
一名月月红。
凤尾草
一名金星草，又名七星草。
相思草
即烟。
Fen Shashen (Radix Adenophorae)
Also known as Tushen, produced in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
Jiuqiongcao (Herba Polygonati Odorati)
Refers to the variety of Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati resembling Radix Polygonati Multiflori Preparata, commonly called "Yuzhu Huangjing"; another variety resembling Rhizoma Bletillae is commonly called "Baiji Huangjing" and also referred to as Shanshengjiang.
Weirui (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati)
Is Yuzhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati).
Ye Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)
Commonly called Tianshengshu.
Dingfengcao (Rhizoma Gastrodiae)
Is the stem of Gastrodia elata, named Chijian.
Tian Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis)
Is Qibi (Radix Platycodonis), also known as Kongshashen; they belong to one category but two species.
Xianlingpi (Herba Epimedii)
Also known as Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii).
Huwang Shizhe (Radix Notopterygii)
Is Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii).
Shanqi (Radix Notoginseng)
Also written as Sanqi, slightly resembling Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, commonly called Shen Sanqi.
Ye Zhangren (Radix Pulsatillae)
Is Bai Tou Weng (Radix Pulsatillae), also named Huwang Shizhe.
Ku Qin (Radix Scutellariae)
The hollow part of Scutellariae Radix, also called Pian Qin.
Tiao Qin (Radix Scutellariae)
The solid part of Scutellariae Radix, also called Zi Qin.
Heshi (Fructus Cnidoscopii)
Is the seed of Tianmingzi (Fructus Cnidoscopii).
Lancao (Herba Agastaches)
Also named Da Zelan, commonly called Shengtoucao, Lanze Cao, Xiangcao; generally, Lancao and Zelan are one category but two species.
Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong)
Those produced in Sichuan are superior, hence called Chuanxiong.
Peng Ezhu (Rhizoma Curcumae)
Is Ezhu (Rhizoma Curcumae), also named Pengzhu, also written as Peng Ezhu.
Jinzhan Yintai (Semen Vaccariae)
Is Wangbuliuxing (Semen Vaccariae).
Shacaogen (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi)
Is Xiangfu (Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi).
Qingmuxiang (Radix Aucklandiae)
Is Guangmuxiang (Radix Aucklandiae).
Suoshami (Fructus Amomi Rotundus)
Is Sharen (Fructus Amomi Rotundus).
Caoguo (Fructus Tsaoko)
Also named Caodoukou (Fructus Cardamomi).
Roudoukou (Semen Myristicae)
Also named Rouguo.
Bibo (Fructus Piperis Longi)
"Bibo" is sometimes written as "Bo".
Jiasu (Herba Schizonepetae)
Is Jingjie (Herba Schizonepetae).
Buguzhi (Fructus Psoraleae)
Also named Poguzhi.
Bohe (Herba Menthae)
"He" is sometimes written as "Ke", referring to Bohe (Herba Menthae).
Longnao Bohe (Herba Menthae)
Also named Jisu, also named Shuisu.
Hong Doukou (Fructus Alpiniae Galangae)
Is Liangjiangzi (Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai).
[Bai Mao?]
Also named Baimifancao, also named Nuomifancao.
Honglanhua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii)
Is Honghua (Flos Carthami Tinctorii).
Bianzhu (Herba Siegesbeckiae)
Also named Pianxu (Herba Siegesbeckiae).
Qumai (Herba Dianthi)
Commonly refers to its flower as Luoyanghua.
Huanghuaguo (Herba Petasitis)
Is Ercao (Herba Petasitis), also named Chuqucao.
Lichang (Herba Eclipsae)
Is Hanliancao (Herba Eclipsae), also named Jinlingcao.
Nwan (Radix Asteris)
Is the white part of Ziwan (Radix Asteris).
Caojueming (Semen Cassiae)
Also named Qingxiangzi, also known as Yejiguanzi.
Chongwei (Herba Leonuri)
Is Yimucao (Herba Leonuri).
Mianhua (Flos Gossypii Herbacei)
Is Mumin (Cortex Gossypii Herbacei / Flos Gossypii).
Wutou (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)
Is the mother root of Fuzi. Those attached laterally are Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), those that are slender are Tianxiong (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii), those growing together are Cizi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata), and the tip is named Wufulian.
Wuhui (Radix Aconiti Karakolicum)
Is Caowutou (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii).
Huzhang (Stellatum Bulbus)
Is Nanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis) ground into powder and placed in a cow's gallbladder, named Danxing (Gall-stone from Arisaema).
Heichou (Semen Phaseoli)
Is the black variety of Qiannanzi (Semen Phaseoli).
Dali zi (Semen Arctii)
Is Niupangzi (Semen Arctii), also named Shunanzhi, also named Eshi.
Baixexian (Bulbus Zantedeschiae)
Is Yuzan (Bulbus Zantedeschiae).
Disong (Fructus Cnidoscopii)
Is Tianmingzi (Fructus Cnidoscopii), also named Huolucacao, also named Hamalan.
Du Niuxi (Radix Cnidoscopii)
Is the root of Tianmingzi (Radix Cnidoscopii).
Wu [Shegan]
Also named Shegan (Rhizoma Belamcandae), also named Wushan.
Guanzhong (Rhizoma Dryopteridis Crassirhizomatis)
Sometimes written as Guanzhong.
Qianjinzi (Fructus Euphorbiae Lathyridis)
Is Xuisui Zi (Fructus Euphorbiae Lathyridis).
Chonglou Jinxian (Rhizoma Paridis)
Also named Xiuxiu (Rhizoma Paridis).
Sheng Jun (Radix Rhei Palmati)
Refers to raw Dahuang (Radix Rhei Palmati); if processed and cooked, it is called Zhijun. Dahuang is extremely cold, Huangqi (Sulfur) is extremely hot, so both are titled "General".
Lingxiaohua (Flos Campsis Grandiflorae)
Is Ziwei Hua (Flos Campsis Grandiflorae).
Shushu (Herba Dichroae)
Is the stems and leaves of Changshan (Herba Dichroae).
Jixingzi (Semen Impatientis)
Is Fengxianzi (Semen Impatientis); its flower is also named Jinfenghua.
Ye Tianmendong (Radix Stemasonis)
Is Baibu (Radix Stemasonis).
Guoshanlong (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae)
Is Qiancao (Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae).
Rendongteng (Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae)
Is the vines and leaves of Yinhua (Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae).
Jinyinhua (Flos Lonicerae Japonicae)
Also called Yinhua.
Tu Qingmuxiang (Radix Aristolochiae)
Is the root of Madangling (Radix Aristolochiae).
Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis)
Commonly written as Gualou.
Huafen (Radix Trichosanthis)
Is the root of Gualou (Radix Trichosanthis).
Jiaoteng (Radix Polygoni Multiflori)
Is the red variety of Heshouwu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata), used in surgery and called Chuangshu.
Mutong (Caulis Akebiae)
Anciently called Tongcao.
Tongcao (Medulla Tetrapanacis)
Anciently called Tongtuomu.
Fan Laofuzi (Semen Trigonellae)
Is Huluba (Semen Trigonellae).
Gusuibu (Rhizoma Drynariae)
Is Houjiang (Rhizoma Drynariae), commonly called Shenjiang.
Xuanhua (Flos Convolvuli)
Is Xuanhua (Flos Convolvuli), also named Guzihua. Its flowers do not have petal shapes, resembling drums blown by soldiers, hence the name. The double-flowered variety resembles Peony, commonly called Chanzhi Mudan.
Jinfei Cao (Flos Inulae)
Also named Xuanfu Hua (Flos Inulae).
Mu Hu (Rhizoma Dendrobii)
Is the bitter-tasting variety of Shihu (Rhizoma Dendrobii).
Yiyi [Cheqianzi?] (Semen Plantaginis)
Is Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis). (Note: Text likely contains an error equating Yi Yi Ren with Cheqian Zi, translated as per source).
Shenhuocao (Herba Sedis)
Also named Jingtian, commonly called Huoyancao.
Xuejianchou (Herba Alternantherae Sessilis)
Also named Dijin, commonly called Xuexie, also named Jiangbancacao.
Shukui Zi (Semen Malvae)
Is Dongkuizi (Semen Malvae).
Xian Yiliang (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae)
Is Tufuling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae), commonly called Lengfantuan.
Juan'er (Fructus Xanthii)
Is Cang'erzi (Fructus Xanthii), also named Juan'er, also named Yangfulai.
Qiannian [Qian Nian Jian]
Also named Wannianqing.
Guodongqing
Also named Xueliqing.
Qingmuxiang Teng (Caulis Aristolochiae)
Also named Tianxianteng.
Yaoyang Huazi (Fructus Yatsugani)
Also named Tulianqiao.
Jindenglong (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii)
Is Shancigu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii), also named Maogu.
Yingshi (Fructus Rosae Chinensis)
Is the fruit of Weiqi Zi (Fructus Rosae Chinensis).
Yuejihua (Flos Rosae Rugosae)
Also named Yueyuehong.
Fengweicao (Herba Pteridis Multifidae)
Also named Jinxingcao, also named Qixingcao.
Xiangsi Cao (Folium Nicotianae)
Is Yancao (Tobacco).