沥青
即松香，一名松脂。
木犀花
即桂花。
夜合
即合欢皮。
文武实
即桑葚。
冬青
女贞子与冬青古分二种，实一物也。
薰陆香
即乳香。
龙脑香
即冰片。
麒麟竭
即血竭。
白胶香
一名枫香脂。
鸡舌香
即丁香之雌者，亦名母丁香，雄者名公丁香。
安息香
安息国名也。
紫金藤
即降香。
苏合香
即苏合油。
槐角
即槐实。
诃黎勒
即诃子。
刚子
即巴豆。
杉材
即杉木。
凿子木
即柞木。
无食子
一名没石子。
木笔花
即辛夷，一名迎春花。
皂荚
即皂角。
苏方木
即苏木。
天精草
即地骨皮之叶。
谷实
即楮实。
白
即蕤仁。
猫儿刺
即老鼠刺，一名八角茶，又名狗骨。
南天烛
一名南烛，即杨桐也。
金铃子
即川楝子。
赤柽柳
一名西河柳。
黄松节
即茯神心中木。
香椿根皮
即椿皮。
臭椿皮
即樗根皮。
臭橘叶
一作枸橘。
益智
即龙眼肉俗名桂圆。
棠球子
即山楂。
橘皮
即广皮橘之青者，名青皮广皮，去白名橘红，陈者名陈皮。
香栾
即香团柚之属也，小者为蜜筒，大者为朱栾，最大者为香栾。
香椽
即佛手柑，古作枸椽。
银杏
即白果。
鸡头子
一名芡实。
木蜜
即枳 子，俗名鸡距子，亦名木饧。
藕实
即莲子。
林檎
即花红。
鹿葱
即萱草，亦作谖草，又名宜男草，忘忧草。
瓜丁
即甜瓜蒂，一名苦丁香，甜瓜即俗呼熟瓜者是。
乌芋
即荸荠，亦名地栗。
芰实
即菱，亦名菱角。
大腹槟榔
即大腹皮子。
蜀椒
即川椒，去壳名椒红。
秦椒
俗称花椒。
毕澄茄
即胡椒之大者，乃一类二种也。
茶
古名茗，苦茶即腊茶。
Asphalt (Liqing)
Is pine resin (Songxiang), also known as pine gum (Songzhi).
Osmanthus Flower (Muxihua)
Is osmanthus (Guihua).
Albizia Bark (Yehé)
Is the bark of Albizia julibrissin (Hehuanpi).
Mulberry Fruit (Wenwushi)
Is mulberry fruit (Sangshen).
Ilex Aquifolium (Dongqing)
Ligustrum lucidum (Nüzhenzi) and Ilex aquifolium (Dongqing) were historically classified as two different species, but they are actually the same substance.
Frankincense (Xunluxiang)
Is frankincense (Ruxiang).
Borneol (Longnaoxiang)
Is borneol (Bingpian).
Dragon's Blood (Qilinjie)
Is dragon's blood (Xuexie).
Liquidambar Resin (Baijiaoxiang)
Also known as liquidambar resin (Fengxiangzhi).
Clove (Jishe Xiang)
Refers to female cloves, also called mother clove (Mu Dingxiang); male cloves are called father clove (Gong Dingxiang).
Benzoin (Anxixiang)
Named after the Kingdom of Anxi.
Red Sandalwood Vine (Zijin Teng)
Is red sandalwood (Xiang).
Styrax (Suhe Xiang)
Is styrax oil (Suhe You).
Sophora Pod (Huaijiao)
Is sophora fruit (Huai Shi).
Chebula (Helile)
Is chebula (Hezi).
Croton Seed (Gangzi)
Is croton seed (Badou).
Cedar Wood (Shancai)
Is cedar wood (Shanmu).
Zanthoxylum Wood (Zaozi Mu)
Is zanthoxylum wood (Zaomu).
Gallnut (Wushizi)
Also known as gallnut (Meishizi).
Magnolia Flower (Mubi Hua)
Is magnolia bud (Xinyi), also known as winter jasmine (Yingchunhua).
Gleditsia Sinensis (Zaojia)
Is gleditsia sinensis (Zaojiao).
Sappan Wood (Sufang Mu)
Is sappan wood (Sumu).
Lycium Leaf (Tianjing Cao)
Is the leaf of Lycium chinense (Digupi).
Broussonetia Fruit (Gushi)
Is broussonetia fruit (Chu Shi).
Prunus Mume Kernel (Bai [Text missing in original, context implies Ruren])
Is prunus mume kernel (Ruren).
Smilax Rotundifolia (Mao'er Ci)
Is smilax rotundifolia (Laoshu Ci), also known as eight-angled tea (Bajiao Cha) or dog bone (Gou Gu).
Nandina Domestic (Nantian Zhu)
Also known as nan zhu (Nanzhu), which is symplocos tinctoria (Yangtong).
Toosendan Fruit (Jinlingzi)
Is toosendan fruit (Chuanlianzi).
Tamarisk Branch (Chichengliu)
Also known as western river willow (Xihe Liu).
Poria Heartwood (Huangsongjie)
Is the heartwood inside Poria cocos (Fushen).
Chinese Toon Root Bark (Xiangchun Genpi)
Is chinese toon root bark (Chunpi).
Chinese Chinaberry Bark (Chou Chunpi)
Is bark of the root of Melia azedarach (Chugenpi).
Trifoliate Orange Leaf (Chou Juye)
Sometimes written as trifoliate orange (Gouju).
Yizhi (Yizhi)
Is longan aril (Longyan Rou), commonly known as longan (Guiyuan).
Hawthorn (Tangqiu Zi)
Is hawthorn (Shanzha).
Citrus Peel (Jupi)
Refers to the green peel of Guangpi citrus, named Qingpi (Green Peel); when the white pith is removed, it is named Juhong; aged peel is named Chenpi (Aged Peel).
Citron Fragrans (Xiangluan)
Belongs to the Citrus medica group; small ones are called Mitong, large ones Zhuluan, and largest ones Xiangluan.
Citron (Xiangchuan)
Is citron (Foshou Gan), historically written as Gouyuan.
Ginkgo (Yinxing)
Is ginkgo nut (Baiguo).
Euryale Seed (Jitouzi)
Also known as euryale seed (Qianshi).
Hovenia Dulcis (Mimi)
Is hovenia dulcis (Zhizu), commonly known as chicken spur fruit (Jiju Zi), also called Mutang.
Lotus Seed (Oushi)
Is lotus seed (Lianzi).
Malus asiatica (Linqin)
Is malus asiatica (Huahong).
Daylily (Luchong)
Is daylily (Xuancacao), also written as Xuancacao, also known as Yinnancao (Son-producing grass) and Wangyoucao (Forget-worry grass).
Melon Pedicel (Guading)
Is melon pedicel (Tiangua Di), also known as Kudingxiang (Bitter Clove); sweet melon refers to what is commonly called ripe melon.
Water Chestnut (Wuyu)
Is water chestnut (Biqi), also known as Dili.
Water Caltrop (Jishi)
Is water caltrop (Ling), also known as Lingjiao.
Areca Nut with Pericarp (Dafu Binglang)
Is areca nut with pericarp (Dafupi Zi).
Sichuan Pepper (Shujiao)
Is sichuan pepper (Chuanjiao); peeled seeds are called Jiaohong.
Qin Pepper (Qinjiao)
Commonly known as huajiao (Sichuan pepper).
Long Pepper (Bidengqie)
Is larger peppercorns, belonging to the same category but two varieties.
Tea (Cha)
Historically known as Ming; bitter tea is Laicha.