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Wuxue Shi (Snow-Holding Stone), recorded under the entry for Wenju Shi (Stationery Stone).

Cang Shi (Green Stone), recorded under the entry for Wenju Shi (Stationery Stone).

Daizhe (Hematite) [ph53.bmp], originally produced in the valleys of Qi State, is now also found in the mountains of Hedong and Jingdong. The best quality is characterized by a red-red color with a bluish tint, resembling a rooster's comb, possessing luster, and staining the fingernails without fading easily. In ancient prescriptions, Zhi Wan (Purple Pill) used Daizhe for treating children; it was said that if genuine Daizhe was unavailable, Zuogu Muli (Left-Gazing Oyster Shell) was used as a substitute, indicating that genuine Daizhe is difficult to obtain. Currently, physicians mostly select large chunks where the surface texture resembles "floating bubbles" or "nails," which are considered superior and called "Dingtou Daizhe" (Nail-Head Hematite). It can be harvested at any time. The next entry mentions Bai'e (White Chalk), produced in the valleys of Handan, which is what painters use; it is abundant and cheap, also known as Baishan Tu (White Good Earth). Hu Jushi stated: In Jinxiang Township, Xiaogui County, Shixing, there is Baishan, rarely used in folk prescriptions. Now it is available everywhere, and households often use it for washing clothes. *Shan Hai Jing · Western Mountain Classic* records: On the mountain of Shi (pronounced 'gui'), the Guan River originates from its northern slope and flows north into the Yu River; the water contains Liuzhe (Flowing Hematite), which, when applied to cattle and horses, prevents disease. Guo Pu commented: Zhe refers to red earth. People nowadays paint ox horns with cinnabar, claiming it wards off evil spirits. It also records: On Mount Daci, the southern slope is rich in E (Chalk). Further north, on Tianchi Mountain, there is much Huang'e (Yellow Chalk). In Zhongshan Classic, on Conglong Mountain, there is a large valley rich in white, black, green, and yellow E (Chalk). The commentary states this refers to mixed-color chalk; thus, hematite from the western regions is prized. Although E comes in five colors, only the white variety is used in medicine.

Bai'e (White Chalk) [ph54.bmp], recorded under the entry for Daizhe.

Qian (Lead) [ph55.bmp], produced in Pingze, Shu Commandery. Xi (Tin) [ph55.bmp], produced in the valleys of Guiyang. It is now found wherever silver mines exist. Tin produced in Linghe is particularly abundant, also called Baixi (White Tin). Qiandan (Lead Monoxide/Yellow Red Lead) is Huangdan (Yellow Red Lead). Fenxi (Powdered Tin) is Hufen (White Lead Powder). Both substances are derived from processed lead, so they are appended to the entry for Qian. Mirrors, although made of copper, require the addition of tin to become bright; therefore, Jingbi (Mirror Knob) is appended to the entry for Xi. According to *Zishu*: Tin is called Xi, Lead is called Qingjin (Blue Gold); although similar, their applications differ. There is also Qianshuang (Lead Frost), also derived from lead. The method involves mixing lead with one-fifteenth part mercury, refining them into sheets, placing them in a vinegar jar, sealing tightly, and allowing frost to form over time; it is also called Qianbaishuang (White Lead Frost). Its nature is extremely cold; it is used in medicines for treating wind-phlegm and infantile convulsive stagnation. It is currently widely used by physicians. Most copper castings contain tin. *Kaogong Ji* (Artificers' Record) states: Artisans working with metals utilize six alloys of metal. Medicinal items such as bronze crossbow triggers and ancient coins contain tin, hence their uses are similar. Additionally, Qiangui (Lead Ash) treats Luoli (Scrofula). Liu Yuxi documented a method: Take three taels of lead, roast it in an iron vessel until residue resembling black ash forms. Collect this ash, mix it with fat, and apply it to the Luoli lesions. Cover with old cloth, frequently removing the cloth to wipe away foul discharge. Repeat this application for about half a month; the lesion will not hurt, break open, or ulcerate, but will internally dissolve into fluid, leading to recovery. Even lesions located on the neck can be cured.