Library

Qian Dan (Lead Tetroxide), see the entry under "Wen Ju Qian Tiao" (Stationery Lead Strip).

Qian Shuang (Lead Frost), see the entry under "Wen Ju Qian Xi Tiao" (Stationery Lead-Tin Strip).

Fen Xi (Tin Oxide), see the entry under "Wen Ju Qian Tiao" (Stationery Lead Strip).

Xi Tong Jing Bi (Tin Copper Mirror Nose), see the entry under "Wen Ju Qian Tiao" (Stationery Lead Strip).

Gu Wen Qian (Ancient Coins), see the entry under "Wen Ju Qian Tiao" (Stationery Lead Strip).

Jin Ya (Gold Tooth), produced in Shu Commandery, and currently also found in Yongzhou. *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that those resembling gold in color are of superior quality. This substance originates from streams and valleys; it is extracted from stone crevices along the banks of the Shu region and the Han River. Internally, it appears golden, whereas stones that have collapsed into the water over many years often turn black. Ge Hong treated wind-toxin jue syndrome with Da Jin Ya Jiu (Large Gold Tooth Wine) and Xiao Jin Ya Jiu (Small Gold Tooth Wine), simply by soaking the material and drinking the infusion. Ancient prescriptions also included methods of calcining and quenching to remove toxicity before incorporating it into medicine. Sun Simiao treated wind-toxin, Gui Zhu (ghostly infection, a contagious chronic wasting disease), southern miasma, and Chuan Shi (transmitting corpse, similar to tuberculosis) using formulas such as Da Jin Ya San (Large Gold Tooth Powder) and Xiao Jin Ya San (Small Gold Tooth Powder). There is also Tong Ya (Copper Tooth), which is similar in appearance but black on the exterior, and is rarely used in medical texts.

Xiao Jin Ya Jiu (Small Gold Tooth Wine) primarily treats wind-zhu (wind-infection) and various diseases, as well as deficiency-fatigue caused by damp-cold leading to numbness and inability to walk. Recent practitioners have found it effective, so its preparation method is recorded as follows: Jin Ya (Gold Tooth), Xixin (Asarum Root), Difuzi (Kochia Fruit), Mangcao (Artemisia Argyi Leaf), Gadihuang (Dried Rehmannia Root), Shuogen (Polygonatum Rhizome), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root), Yinyu (Epimedium Herb), Xuduan (Dipsacus Root), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper) each 4 liang, and Duhuo (Angelica Pubescens Root) 1 jin. These twelve ingredients: crush Jin Ya into powder and place separately in a silk bag. Slice the remaining herbs thinly, and put them together with the Jin Ya bag into a large linen bag. Soak in 4 dou of clear wine, seal the vessel mouth tightly with mud, and let stand for four nights until the wine is ready. Warm and take 2 he per dose, three times daily, gradually increasing the dosage.

Duan Shi (Calcined Stone), produced in the valleys of Zhongshan, and currently available in areas near mountains everywhere. This is ash made by burning bluestone, also known as Shi Duan. There are two types: Fenghua (Wind-weathered) and Shuihua (Water-treated). For Fenghua, take the calcined stone and leave it in the wind to decompose naturally; this method yields stronger efficacy. For Shuihua, pour water over it, causing heat and steam to facilitate decomposition, but the efficacy is inferior. Ancient prescriptions often mixed it with powdered herbs to treat metal wounds effectively. Modern physicians sometimes use bile from a yellow ox gallbladder collected in the twelfth lunar month, mixing it with the stone, returning it to the gallbladder, hanging it in a ventilated place for one hundred days, and grinding it for use, which is considered superior to adding herbal leaves. Alternatively, ashes from decaying cattail roots can be scraped and used similarly. Dong Hui (Winter Ash) is produced in Fanggu river marshes. Huanyi Huanghui (Yellow Ash for Laundry) is made by burning accumulated mugwort and chenopodium. Current usage often involves ash mixed with firewood residues, which is less desirable. Only pure ash from mulberry wood is excellent for medicinal use. Ancient prescriptions boiled various ashes with Duan Shi to apply to warts, nevi, and black spots, and it was also used in alchemy. Furthermore, ash from iron-smelting furnaces treats Jian Ji (hard accumulations); it is used in the ancient prescription Er Che Wan (Two-Cart Pill). The yellow earth beneath the pot in the furnace is named Fulong Gan (Dragon Liver). Soot from the top of the stove is named Baicao Shuang (Hundred Herbs Frost); both promote digestion and resolve stagnation, and are commonly added to digestive aids today. Mo from the bottom of a wok and dust from roof beams both treat metal wounds. Dust and coal from roofs treat swollen and bleeding gums. Earth from the east wall treats lower body sores and rectal prolapse. These are all commonly used by physicians, hence they are recorded here. Shanghan Heinu Wan (Black Slave Pill for Cold Damage) uses Mo from the wok bottom, Mo from the stove flue, and dust from roof beams combined with other herbs, likely because their functions are similar.