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Shi (Tesheng Shi), grows in the Zhongshan valleys of Hanzhong and Mount Shaoshi; it is also found now in Luzhou. Its nature is intensely hot; when placed in water, it prevents the water from freezing. It is hard and fire-resistant; even after burning for a day and night, it merely crumbles without losing its hardness. People in the market often use pure white stones to pass them off as this drug, but these turn to ash when burned. This medicine is excellent for attacking accumulations and chronic cold conditions. It must be genuine to be effective.

There is also Tesheng Shi, which grows in the Western Regions. Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states: "When storks incubate eggs, they take [this] stone to surround the eggs, to assist warmth." Practitioners of alchemy and magic arts use it, considering those taken from stork nests to be genuine; this is the Tesheng Shi. However, this color is rare, so people often substitute stones from Hanzhong. These have a purple-red exterior and an interior white as frost, with a central depression like a mortar, shaped like teeth. The lumps are smaller than Baishi, but their texture grains are several times larger, about the size of small beans. Baishi grains are fine, only the size of millet.

There is also Xuexue Shi, produced at Xisongli Mountain in Xuzhou. It grows more than one zhang underground, amidst rotting earth and stones. Its color is white, fine, and soft like flour.

Also mentioned in the following entry is Cangshi, which grows in the Western Regions. Su Gong says: "Tesheng Shi is also named Cangshi." The Tesheng Shi from Liangzhou also has a green variety. In Fangling and Hanchuan, where Baishi is found, there are also green varieties. These are mostly similar to Tesheng Shi but are not used in prescriptions. Modern physicians mostly use only Tesheng Shi, which is Baishi. Since their shapes are similar, careful selection is particularly advisable. Ancient formulas for treating cold accumulations all used Tesheng Shi. Hu Qia's Da Lusu Wan, a formula for treating various diseases caused by cold, consists of: refined Tesheng Shi, Ganjiang, Guixin, Zaojiao, Jiegeng, each 3 liang, and Fuzi 2 liang. The six ingredients are pounded and sifted, made into pills with honey. Take five pills the size of wutong seeds three times a day, gradually increasing the dose until the desired effect is achieved. There are also Xiongnu Lusu Wan and Liuhuang Wan, both treating accumulations, inability to eat or drink, and firmness of the heart and abdomen, all using Tesheng Shi. In recent times, however, it is rarely used.

Tesheng Shi: See the entry under Shi for details.