〔害〕其性升燥发散，凡病内热及火升炎上，上盛下虚，气虚有汗，血虚头痛，阴虚咳
嗽，
法皆禁用。即入风药，亦不可过五分，服过一钱，使人闷绝，因其气浓而性烈耳。双叶者
，服之害人。恶黄 、野狼毒、山茱萸，忌生菜，畏硝石、滑石。反藜芦。
〔利〕辛温香燥，善开窍，散风寒，入心肺肾三经，能行心下水停，宣通游风浮热，口
疮喉
痹，利九窍。
〔修治〕二八月采根纯阳，切去头子，以瓜水浸一宿，曝用。北产华阴者，细而香最佳。
南产者，名土细辛，稍大而不香，又名马辛。
〔害〕辛热之物。如血分有热者，与夫阴虚发热，咳嗽吐血，咽干口渴，热气暴冲，目
昏口
臭，齿浮鼻衄，肠风脏毒，痔漏泄 等症，切勿轻饵，误服能令诸症即时剧作，慎之。世人
因其快膈，嗜之者众，然损肺走气，动火动血，损齿昏目，发疮痔脏毒，必阴气至足者方可
用。
〔利〕辛热，入脾、胃、肝、大肠四经，温中下气，快膈消痰，治寒痰食积。盖此药犹
如附
桂，使与阴虚火衰，必与归地同用，则无偏胜之弊也。毕澄茄，即胡椒之大者。
〔修治〕五月采收，曝干乃皱。
一名猴姜，又名申姜
〔害〕勿与风药同用，以其苦坚肾，肾藏恶燥，再加风药温燥，反伤血液，是为太过。
〔利〕苦温，入肝肾二经，主骨碎折伤，去瘀生新，治肾虚泄泻，耳鸣牙痛。
〔修治〕冬采根，以铜刀刮去黄毛，细切蜜拌，蒸后晒干用。急用只焙干，不蒸亦得也。
[Harm] Its nature is ascending, drying, and dispersing. It is strictly contraindicated for conditions involving internal heat, flaming fire rising upward, excess above and deficiency below, Qi deficiency with spontaneous sweating, Blood deficiency with headache, and Yin deficiency with cough. Even when combined with wind-dispelling herbs, the dosage should not exceed 0.5 fen (approx. 1.5g). Ingestion exceeding 1 qian (approx. 3g) can cause suffocation and unconsciousness due to its strong aroma and potent nature. The variety with double leaves is harmful if ingested. It is incompatible with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Yelangdu (Euphorbia fischeriana Root), and Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus); raw vegetables are taboo; it fears Xiaoshi (Natrii Sulfas) and Huashi (Talcum); it is chemically opposed to Lilü (Veratri Rhizoma).
[Benefits] Pungent and warm, aromatic and drying, it excels at opening orifices, dispelling wind-cold, and entering the Heart, Lung, and Kidney meridians. It promotes the movement of fluid retention under the heart, disseminates wandering wind and floating heat, treats mouth ulcers and throat obstruction, and benefits the nine orifices.
[Preparation] Harvest roots in the second or eighth lunar months when Yang energy is pure. Slice off the head, soak in melon juice overnight, then sun-dry. The variety from Huayin in the North is finest, being slender and fragrant. The Southern variety is called Tuxixin (Earth Asarum), slightly larger but less fragrant, also known as Maxin.
[Harm] Pepper is a pungent-hot substance. For patients with heat in the Blood level, Yin deficiency with fever, cough with hemoptysis, dry throat and thirst, sudden surging of hot qi, blurred vision with bad breath, floating teeth with epistaxis, Changfeng (intestinal wind), Zangdu (visceral toxin), hemorrhoids, fistulas, and diarrhea, do not administer lightly. Misuse will exacerbate these symptoms immediately; caution is advised. Although many people consume it for its ability to relieve chest fullness, it damages Lung Qi, scatters vital energy, stirs fire and blood, harms teeth, blurs vision, and induces sores, hemorrhoids, and visceral toxins. It should only be used by those with sufficient Yin essence.
[Benefits] Pungent and hot, it enters the Spleen, Stomach, Liver, and Large Intestine meridians. It warms the middle, directs rebellious Qi downward, relieves chest fullness, resolves phlegm, and treats cold-phlegm and food stagnation. This herb acts similarly to Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus); in cases of Yin deficiency with declining fire, it must be used together with Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Dihu (Rehmanniae Radix) to avoid adverse effects of imbalance. Bichengqie (Piperis Longi Fructus) is simply a larger variety of pepper.
[Preparation] Harvest in May and sun-dry until wrinkled.
[Harm] Gusuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma) should not be used with wind-dispelling herbs. Its bitter taste strengthens the Kidney, which dislikes dryness. Adding the warming and drying nature of wind herbs would excessively damage Blood.
[Benefits] Bitter and warm, it enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. It primarily treats bone fractures and trauma, removes blood stasis to generate new tissue, and treats Kidney deficiency diarrhea, tinnitus, and toothache.
[Preparation] Harvest roots in winter. Scrape off yellow hairs with a copper knife, slice finely, mix with honey, steam, and sun-dry. For urgent use, baking dry without steaming is acceptable.