气味苦寒，无毒。主治恶疥痂疮马疥，煎汁洗之，立愈。又疗心腹内血，止痛。
（马疥，马鞍热气之疮疥也。《别录》附。）
气味苦寒，无毒。主治痰热淋疾，可为浴汤，洗风肿瘙，煮酒漱齿痛
，近今以屋檐插柳，经风日者，煎汤饮，治小便淋浊痛，通利水道。（《唐本草》附。）
（李时珍曰∶柳枝去风消肿止痛，其嫩枝削为牙杖，涤齿甚妙。琦按∶佛教食后嗽口，
必嚼
杨枝，毗奈耶云∶嚼杨枝有五利，一口不臭，二口不苦，三除风，四除热，五除痰阴，是知
杨枝去风、消热、除痰阴，止齿痛诸功，大有益于人也。然削为牙杖，久则枯燥，若以生枝
削用，当更见效耳。）
气味酸平，无毒。主治大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，利小便水道。
（郁李山野处处有之，树高五六尺，花叶枝干并似李子，如小李，生青熟红，味甘酸，
可啖，花实俱香，《尔雅》所
称棠棣，即是此树。）
李乃肝之果，其仁当治脾。郁李花实俱青，其味酸甘，其气芳香，甲已合而化土也。土
气化
肢浮肿自消，小便水道自利。
气味辛温，有毒。主治伤寒温疟寒热，破症瘕结聚，坚积留饮，痰 ，大腹，荡练五
脏六腑，开通闭塞，利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼。
（巴豆出巴郡川谷，今嘉州、眉州、戎州皆有之。木高一二丈，叶似樱桃而浓大，初生
青色，后渐黄赤，至十二月
叶渐凋，二月复渐生，四月旧叶落尽，新叶齐生，即花发成穗，微黄色，五六月结实作房青
色，七八月成熟而黄，类白
豆蔻，渐渐自落乃收之，一窠有三子，
子
为
金线巴豆，最为上品。）
巴豆生于巴蜀，气味辛温，花实黄赤，大热有毒。其性剽悍，主治伤寒温疟寒热者，辛
以散
之，从经脉而外出于肌表也。破症瘕结聚，坚积留饮，痰 ，大腹者，温以行之，从中土
而
下泄于肠胃也。用之合宜，有斩关夺门之功，故荡练五脏六腑，开通闭塞，闭塞开通，则水
谷二道自利矣。其性 悍，故去恶肉。气合阳明，故除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼。《经》云∶
两火合并是为阳明。巴豆味极辛，性大温，具两火之性，气合阳明，故其主治如此。
愚按∶凡服巴霜，即从胸胁大热，达于四肢，出于皮毛，然后复从肠胃而出。《伤寒论》
有
白散方，治伤寒寒实结胸用此。古人称为斩关夺门之将，用之若当，真瞑眩瘳疾之药，用
之不当，非徒无益而反害矣。
[Willow Leaf]
The flavor is bitter and cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats malignant scabies, crusted sores, and "horse scabies" (sores caused by heat from saddle friction). Washing with the decocted juice brings about immediate cure. It also treats blood stasis in the heart and abdomen, alleviating pain.
[Willow Branch]
The flavor is bitter and cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats damp-heat strangury (dysuria) due to phlegm-heat; it can be used as a bathing decoction to wash away wind-induced edema and itching. Rinsing the mouth with wine boiled with willow branches treats toothache. Recently, people use willow branches placed under eaves (exposed to wind and sun), decocted in water and drunk internally, to treat turbid and painful strangury, promoting the free flow of the water passages.
[Douglasia Fructus / Yu Li Ren]
The flavor is sour and neutral, non-toxic. It primarily treats abdominal edema, edema of the face, eyes, and limbs, and promotes urination through the water passages.
[Crotonis Fructus / Ba Dou]
The flavor is acrid and warm, toxic. It primarily treats chills and fever associated with Cold Damage (Shanghan) and warm malaria. It breaks up mass accumulations (Zheng Jia), hard accumulations of retained fluids, phlegm-fluid retention, and large abdominal distension/edema. It purges the five zang and six fu organs, opens blockages, facilitates the passage of food and water, removes foul flesh, expels evil pathogens such as ghost toxins, gu poison, and zhuzhu diseases, and kills parasites.