气味苦辛温，无毒。主治气滞，下食，破积结及膈气。（《图经本草》附。）
气味苦平，无毒。主治肾疰腰痛，膀胱气痛，肾冷。（《日华本草》附。）
气味苦平，无毒。主导胸膈逆气，入厥阴。行肝气，消肿散毒。乳痈胁痛，用之
行经。（《本草衍义补遗》附。）
气味辛温，无毒。主治五脏身体寒热，风头脑痛，面 。久服下气，轻身，明目，
增年耐老。
（辛夷始出汉中、魏兴、梁州川谷，今近道处处有之。人家园亭亦多种植。树高丈余，
花先叶后，叶苞有茸毛。花开白色者，名玉兰，谓花色如玉，花香如兰也。红紫色者，名木
笔，谓花苞尖长，俨然如笔也。入药红白皆用，取含苞未开者收之。）
辛夷味辛臭香，苞毛花白，禀阳明土金之气化也。阳明者土也，五脏之所归也。故主治
五脏
不和而为身体之寒热。阳明者金也，金能制风，故主治风淫头脑之痛。阳明之气有余，则面
生光，故治面 。 ，黑色也。《经》云∶阳明者，胃脉也，其气下行，故久服下气，土气
和平，故轻身。金水相生，故明目。下气轻身明目，则增年耐老。
气味辛温，无毒。主治邪气，辟毒疫温鬼，强志，主淋露。久服不梦寤魇寐。
（木香始出永昌山谷，今皆从外国舶上来，昔人谓之青木香，后人呼马兜铃根为青木香，
改呼
此为广木香以别之。《三洞珠囊》云∶五香者，木香也。一株五根，一茎五枝，一枝五叶，
叶间五节，故名五香。根条左旋，采得二十九日方硬，形如枯骨，烧之能上彻九天，以味苦
粘牙者为真，一种番白芷伪充木香，皮带黑而臭腥，不可不辨。）
木香其臭香，其数五，气味辛温，上彻九天，禀手足太阴天地之气化，主交感天地之气，
上
下相通。治邪气者，地气四散也。辟毒疫温鬼者，天气光明也。强志者，天一生水，水生则
肾志强。主淋露者，地气上腾，气腾则淋露降。天地交感，则阳阳和，开合利，故久服不梦
寤魇寐。梦寤者，寤中之梦。魇寐者，寐中之魇也。
[Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel)] The flavor is bitter, pungent, and warm; it is non-toxic. It treats qi stagnation, promotes food digestion, breaks up accumulations and nodules, and addresses rebellious qi in the chest and diaphragm. (From *Tujing Bencao* Appendix.)
[Muxiang (1)] The flavor is bitter and neutral; it is non-toxic. It treats lumbar pain caused by Kidney Zhu (a type of chronic wasting disease), Qi pain in the Bladder, and Cold in the Kidney. (From *Rihua Bencao* Appendix.)
[Muxiang (2)] The flavor is bitter and neutral; it is non-toxic. It primarily directs rebellious qi in the chest and diaphragm, enters the Jueyin Liver channel, circulates Liver qi, reduces swelling, and dissipates toxicity. It is used for mastitis and hypochondriac pain to unblock meridians. (From *Bencao Yanxi Buyi* Appendix.)
[Xinyi (Magnolia Flower)] The flavor is pungent and warm; it is non-toxic. It treats cold and heat conditions affecting the Five Viscera and the body, headache caused by Wind pathogenic factors, and a dull complexion. Long-term consumption lowers qi, lightens the body, brightens the eyes, extends lifespan, and delays aging.
(Xinyi originally grew in the valleys of Hanzhong, Weixing, and Liangzhou. Now it grows everywhere along nearby roads. People also plant it widely in gardens and pavilions. The tree is over one zhang tall. Flowers bloom before leaves; leaf buds have downy hairs. Those with white flowers are called Yulan (Magnolia denudata), meaning the flower color is like jade and the fragrance is like orchid. Those with red or purple flowers are called Mubi (Wood Pen), meaning the flower bud is pointed and long, resembling a pen. Both red and white varieties are used in medicine; only unopened buds are harvested.)
Xinyi has a pungent flavor and an aromatic odor; its buds and hairs are white. It inherits the Qi transformation of Yangming Earth and Metal. Yangming belongs to Earth, which is where the essence of the Five Viscera converges. Therefore, it treats cold and heat of the body resulting from disharmony among the Five Viscera. Yangming belongs to Metal, and Metal can restrain Wind; therefore, it treats headaches caused by excessive Wind pathogenic factors. When Yangming Qi is in excess, the face shines; thus, it treats a dull complexion. Dullness refers to blackness. The *Classic* states: "Yangming is the Stomach meridian; its Qi moves downward." Therefore, long-term use lowers Qi. When Earth Qi is peaceful, the body feels light. Metal and Water generate each other, so it brightens the eyes. Lowering Qi, lightening the body, and brightening the eyes extend life and delay aging.
[Muxiang (3)] The flavor is pungent and warm; it is non-toxic. It treats evil Qi, wards off toxic epidemics and "warm ghosts," strengthens willpower, and treats strangury and seminal emission/leukorrhea. Long-term consumption prevents nightmares and sleep paralysis.
(Muxiang originally grew in the valleys of Yongchang. Now it is imported via foreign ships. Ancients called it Qingmuxiang (Green Muxiang). Later generations called the root of Aristolochia manshuriensis Qingmuxiang, so this was renamed Guangmuxiang (Guangxi Muxiang) to distinguish it. *Sandong Zhunang* states: Among the five fragrant herbs, Muxiang is unique. One plant has five roots, one stem has five branches, one branch has five leaves, and there are five nodes between leaves; hence it is called Wuxiang (Five Fragrances). The root spirals to the left. It becomes hard only after 29 days of harvesting. Its shape resembles dry bone. When burned, its smoke reaches the highest heavens. The genuine product tastes bitter and sticks to the teeth. Some counterfeit Muxiang made from Indian Angelica has a black skin and a fishy odor; this must be distinguished carefully.)
Muxiang has an aromatic odor and the number five. Its flavor is pungent and warm, and its smoke reaches the highest heavens. It inherits the Heaven and Earth Qi transformation of the Hand and Foot Taiyin channels. It governs the interaction of Heaven and Earth Qi, ensuring communication between above and below. Treating evil Qi disperses Earth Qi. Warding off toxic epidemics relies on the brightness of Heaven Qi. Strengthening willpower occurs because "Heaven generates One Water"; when Water is generated, Kidney willpower becomes strong. Treating strangury and leakage occurs because Earth Qi ascends; when Qi ascends, strangury and leakage descend. When Heaven and Earth interact, Yin and Yang harmonize, and opening and closing function smoothly. Thus, long-term consumption prevents dreaming while awake (mengwu) or nightmares during sleep (yanmei). Mengwu refers to dreams occurring during wakefulness; yanmei refers to nightmares occurring during sleep.