味咸，性寒，无毒。入肺、肝、脾三经。沸汤洗净，去足翅，晒干。
清咽喉、疗喑哑。快痘疹之毒。宣皮肤之风，小儿惊痫夜啼、目疾昏花障翳。
感木土之气，吸风饮露，其气清虚，故主疗皆风热之恙，又治音声不响及婴儿夜啼，取
其昼
鸣夜息之义也。
痘疹虚寒证，忌服。
味辛，性平，无毒。入肺经。
清肺而喘嗽失音可治，解热而喉疼鼻衄堪瘳。外敷诸疮，兼能散血。
生湿地朽木上，状如肺肝，紫色虚软，弹之粉出，取粉用。
一名鼠粘子，一名恶实。味辛，性平，无毒。入肺经。
酒炒，研。
滑能泻热，辛可散结。宣肺气，理痘疹，清咽喉，消肿毒。
开毛窍，除热毒，为痘疹要药。
牛蒡子，性冷而滑，惟血热便闭者宜之，否则忌用。
又称大贝母。味苦，性微寒，无毒。入肺、肝二经。
清肺平肝，止咳化痰。消肿散结，喉蛾时毒。配合栝蒌，可以润肠。玄参牡蛎，同治瘰
。
浙贝消肿，尤其上部之肿，其效甚捷，如咽喉、口舌、牙龈、唇颊、颈项、鼻腔等之结
块与
肿浓者，均可以消散。又∶川贝用于内伤，浙贝用于外感，宜加区别。
味苦，性平，有毒。入肺经。泔浸煮之。
清咳逆热气，捐喉痹咽疼。治弄舌与摇头，除虫蛇之毒螫。
泄热散结，多功于上焦。一阴一阳结之急症关下喉痹，妨于吞咽。与郁金等为伍，以入
心包
之牡丹花，走三焦之栀子花为引经，其效甚捷。
射干虽能泄热，不能益阴，故别录云∶“久服令人虚，虚者大戒。”
Taste salty, nature cold, non-toxic. Enters the Lung, Liver, and Spleen meridians. Wash clean with boiling water, remove feet and wings, dry in the sun.
(Clears) the throat, treats aphonia (loss of voice). Relieves toxicity of smallpox and measles. Disperses wind from the skin, treats pediatric convulsions, night crying, and eye diseases causing blurred vision or ptosis (ptosis/obscured vision).
It absorbs the qi of wood and earth, drinks wind and dew; its qi is clear and empty. Therefore, it mainly treats ailments caused by wind-heat. It also treats hoarseness and infant night crying, taking advantage of the meaning that it cries during the day and rests at night.
Contraindicated in cases of deficiency-cold syndrome of smallpox and measles.
Taste pungent, nature neutral, non-toxic. Enters the Lung meridian.
(Clears) the Lung, treating wheezing, cough, and aphonia; resolves heat, treating sore throat and epistaxis (nosebleed), which can be cured. Applied externally to various sores, it also dissipates blood stasis.
Grows on rotten wood in damp places, resembling lungs and liver, purple in color, spongy and soft; powder comes out when tapped, and this powder is used.
Also known as Arctii Fructus (Niu Bang Zi), also known as E Shi. Taste pungent, nature neutral, non-toxic. Enters the Lung meridian.
Stir-fry with wine, grind.
Its slippery nature can drain heat, and its pungency can dissipate nodules. It diffuses Lung qi, regulates smallpox and measles, clears the throat, and reduces swelling and toxicity.
Opens hair follicles, removes heat toxicity, and is an essential herb for smallpox and measles.
Arctii Fructus (Niu Bang Zi) has a cold and slippery nature; it is suitable only for those with blood-heat and constipation, otherwise it is contraindicated.
Also called Da Bei Mu. Taste bitter, nature slightly cold, non-toxic. Enters the Lung and Liver meridians.
Clears the Lung, calms the Liver, stops cough, and transforms phlegm. Reduces swelling and dissipates nodules, treating tonsillitis (throat polyps) and epidemic toxins. Combined with Trichosanthis Fructus (Gua Lou), it can moisten the intestines. With Scrophulariae Radix (Xuan Shen) and Ostrea Concha (Mu Li), it jointly treats scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis).
Zhe Bei Mu reduces swelling, especially swelling in the upper body, with very rapid effects. For nodules and swollen, purulent conditions in the throat, mouth, tongue, gums, lips, cheeks, neck, and nasal cavity, it can all be dissipated. Furthermore: Chuan Bei Mu is used for internal injuries, while Zhe Bei Mu is used for external contraction; they should be distinguished.
Taste bitter, nature neutral, toxic. Enters the Lung meridian. Soak in rice washing water and boil.
Clears rebellious Qi and heat causing cough, eliminates throat obstruction (hou bi) and sore throat. Treats protruding tongue and head shaking, removes venom from insect and snake bites.
Drains heat and dissipates nodules, with great efficacy in the Upper Jiao. Acute conditions where Yin and Yang meridians are knotted, such as Guan Ge (impeded flow) and Hou Bi (throat obstruction), hinder swallowing. When combined with Curcumae Radix (Yu Jin), using Paeoniae Moutan Cortex (Mu Dan Pi) entering the Pericardium and Gardeniae Fructus (Zhi Zi) traversing the Three Jiao as guiding herbs, the effect is very rapid.
Although She Gan can drain heat, it cannot tonify Yin. Therefore, *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: "Long-term use causes deficiency; it is strictly forbidden for those who are deficient."