味苦，性寒，无毒。入肝、大肠二经。恶麦门冬。
止血利肠风，除带下五漏。
味苦而浓，性沉而降，善主下焦血证，兼去湿热。
地榆，寒而下行，凡虚寒作泻，气虚下陷而崩带者，法并禁之。
味苦、酸，性寒，无毒。入肝、大肠二经。含蕊而陈者佳。微炒。
止便红，除血痢，咸藉清肠之力。疗五痔，明眼目，皆资涤热之功。炒香频嚼。能治失
音。
子∶名槐角，用颇相同，兼行血而降气，亦催生而坠胎。
感天地阴寒之气，而兼木与水之化，故为凉血要品。血不热则阴自足，目疾与痔证交愈
矣。
按槐性纯阴，虚寒者禁用，即虚热而非实火者亦禁之。
味苦，性平。入胃，大肠二经。炒用。
降逆定痛、凉血止血。反胃吐食、腹疼不歇。肠风痔漏，脱肛肛裂。五色痢疾、疝气阴
蚀。
鼻衄鼻息，为末裹塞。
炒时须以滑石粉烫之。配合胡黄连、炮山甲、槐米、名胡连追毒丸、治痔漏甚效。
（见食疗）
味酸、涩，性温，无毒。入脾、肺、肾三经。
泻痢久而肠虚，崩带多而欲脱。水煎服而下蛔。汁点目而止泪。
榴味酸涩，故入断下崩中之剂。若服之太早，反为害也。
味苦，性温，无毒。入脾、胃二经。
止泻痢称奇，固精液颇效。
新痢起，湿热甚者忌服。
俗称臭椿。味苦涩、性寒，有小毒。东引者良、以醋炙之。
涩血止泻痢、杀虫收产肠。
苦寒之性，虚寒者禁用，肾家真阴虚者，亦忌之。以其徒燥耳。止入丸用，不入汤煎。
椿白
皮，即香椿，主用相仿，力稍逊之。
[Di Yu - Sanguisorbae Radix]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Large Intestine meridians. Adverse to Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong).
Stops bleeding and treats intestinal wind hemorrhoids; eliminates leukorrhea and the "five leaks" syndromes.
Its taste is bitter and strong; its nature is heavy and descending. It excels in treating blood disorders of the Lower Jiao and simultaneously clears damp-heat.
Sanguisorbae Radix is cold and directs downwards. For diarrhea caused by deficiency-cold, or for metrorrhagia and leukorrhea due to Qi sinking, it is contraindicated according to standard protocols.
[Huai Jiao - Sophorae Fructus]
Bitter and sour in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Liver and Large Intestine meridians. Those containing stamens and aged are superior. Lightly stir-fry before use.
Stops hematochezia and eliminates bloody dysentery, relying significantly on its ability to clear the intestines. Treats the five types of hemorrhoids and brightens the eyes, all benefiting from its heat-purging efficacy. Chew frequently after stir-frying until fragrant to treat aphonia.
The seed: Named Huai Jiao, with similar usage. It promotes blood circulation and descends Qi; it can also induce labor but causes abortion.
Having absorbed the Yin-cold Qi of heaven and earth, and possessing the transformations of Wood and Water, it is a crucial herb for cooling blood. When blood is not hot, Yin naturally suffices, thereby curing both eye diseases and hemorrhoidal conditions.
Note: Sophora is purely Yin in nature. It is contraindicated for those with deficiency-cold, and even for those with deficiency-heat rather than excess-fire.
[Huang Lian - Coptidis Rhizoma]
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature. Enters the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians. Use after stir-frying.
Descends rebellious Qi, alleviates pain, cools blood, and stops bleeding. Indicated for regurgitation and vomiting, unceasing abdominal pain. Also treats intestinal wind hemorrhoids, prolapse, anal fissures, dysenteries of five colors, hernia, and genital eczema.
For epistaxis or nasal congestion, grind into powder and pack into the nostrils.
When stir-frying, scald with talcum powder. Combined with Picrorhizae Rhizoma (Huhuanglian), processed Pangolin Scales (Paoshanjia), and Sophorae Flos (Huaimi), named Hulian Zhuidu Wan, it is highly effective for treating hemorrhoids and fistulas.
(See Dietary Therapy section)
[Shi Liu Pi - Punicae Pericarpium]
Sour and astringent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen, Lung, and Kidney meridians.
Indicated for chronic diarrhea and dysentery leading to intestinal emptiness, and for excessive metrorrhagia and leukorrhea approaching collapse. Decoct in water to expel roundworms. Apply juice to the eyes to stop tearing.
Due to its sour and astringent flavor, it is used in formulas to arrest downward leakage and uterine bleeding. If taken too early, it may cause harm.
[Wu Mei - Mume Fructus]
Bitter in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians.
Exceptionally effective in stopping diarrhea and dysentery; quite effective in consolidating essence and fluid.
Contraindicated in newly onset dysentery with severe damp-heat.
[Chun Pi - Ailanthi Cortex]
Commonly known as Chou Chun (Stinky Toon). Bitter and astringent in taste, cold in nature, slightly toxic. The root growing towards the east is superior; process with vinegar.
Astringes blood, stops diarrhea and dysentery, kills parasites, and retracts prolapsed intestines.
Due to its bitter-cold nature, it is contraindicated for deficiency-cold constitutions and those with depletion of True Yin in the Kidneys, as it is merely drying. It is used only in pill forms, not in decoctions.
Chun Bai Pi (Toon Bark): Refers to Xiang Chun bark. Its main uses are similar, but its efficacy is slightly weaker.