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Stir-fry to remove spines, or steam with wine. Avoid pork, horse meat, and rice washing water.

Sweet, bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Releases the exterior and induces sweating, disperses wind-dampness, unblocks the vertex of the head, and reaches the feet and knees. Bathes to relieve whole-body pruritus, stops tetany of the four limbs.

Eliminates headache and improves dim vision, treats toothache and stops bi-syndrome of the nose (nasal discharge). For generalized bi-syndrome (pain throughout the body) and throat swelling, scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis), sores, and scabies.

It is found everywhere, now mostly growing in bean fields. It does not bloom; those that bear fruit after autumn with many spines are it.

For red eyes with sores, add a little frankincense powder, roll in paper, burn for smoke, fumigate the nose to stop pain. (Verified Formula 1.)

For accumulated milk in women, take seven Xanthii Fructus (Cang Er Zi), prick with a needle, burn until charred on a soybean oil lamp, grind into powder, take with water to induce sweating, miraculous effect. (2.)

Bitter, pungent, slightly cold. Clears severe heat and epilepsy, removes wind-damp bi-syndrome of the head, drives out wind-toxin from bone marrow, waist, and knees, resolves exterior pathogens of stroke and cold damage. Burn to ash, mix with fat, apply to seal stubborn malignant carbuncles; boil roots in wine, treat dog bite injuries. Treats carbuncle toxins and insect stings, kills parasites treating malnutrition and dampness.

For chronic malaria, stir-fry with wine, make into wine pills. (Verified Formula 1.)

Edema with difficult urination, burn to ash, take with Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Seminis Powder (Ting Li). (2.)

Tetany and bi-syndrome, stir-fry into powder and take. (3.)

Tooth swelling and pain, decoct in water, rinse and spit out. (4.)

Bi-syndrome of the nose, take with soup, stir-fried powder. (5.)

Dim vision, powder the fruit, stem, and leaves, combine with rice porridge to make pills or eat directly. (6.)

To cure alcoholism, burn seven Xanthii Fructus to ash, put into wine and drink, then one will not desire alcohol. (7.)

Red and white dysentery, decoct stems until thick, remove dregs, add honey and boil into paste, take. (8.)

Various postpartum diseases, wring juice from leaves and take. (9.)

Epistaxis. Same as above. (10.)

Loose and painful teeth, use stems, decoct in sour water, add salt and rinse. (11.)

All critical carbuncles, crush roots and leaves, mix with child's urine, wring out juice, take cold, three times daily. (12.)

Everted ulcers, take juice from leaves to drink and apply externally. (13.)

Leprosy, powder leaves, make pills with Aleurites Fordii Oil (Da Feng You), take with tea. (14.)

Black spots on the face, roast leaves, powder, take with rice water, cured in one month. (15.)

Red and white sweat patches, crush leaves, rub with green salt, five to seven times. (16.)

Wind-induced hives and body itching, powder fruit, stem, and leaves, take two qian with Dou Lin Jiu (Soybean Dripping Wine), wash externally. (17.)

Swelling and pain in hands and feet threatening amputation, crush juice to soak, apply residue. (18.)

Dizziness, use leaves, powder, or honey pills. (19.)

Wan Ying Gao (Myriad-Ailment Plaster): Xanthii herb including stems, roots, and leaves, decoct in water, remove dregs, boil again into plaster. Apply, dissolve in mouth, or take with wine. Treats all types of carbuncles and back abscesses, hidden malignant sores, swollen toxins, carbuncles and boils, all wind-itch, syphilis and beating wounds, toothache, and throat obstruction. (First of Various Formulas.)