旧时本草所载皆指党参。今分为吉林上党高丽三种。
吉林参。产长白山。野生者不易得。近人收参子种之。一二年即肥大。又以糖水煮熟晒
干出售。一煮即烂。功力至微故吉林参必求野山者方佳。能得生参尤善。盖采参者深入乱山。
得后防其变坏。且出山后收藏亦至不易。故必煮熟也。
上党参。产山西。亦是种参。功力日薄。 高丽参。产朝鲜。与吉林参略同。野生亦少。
主治强心脏。补脾胃。安神。此药功力无限。不论何病。凡属心脏衰弱。均可服用。惟实邪
宜攻者当忌。
人参丸。人参鹿角胶（炒）熟地芍药当归白术川芎各等分。研末。蜜丸梧子大。食前米
汤
下三十丸。补虚养阴生血。
人参半夏丸。人参五钱。半夏一两。茯苓天南星薄荷各五钱。寒水石白矾姜屑各一两。
蛤粉二两。藿香二钱半。（一方加黄连二钱黄柏二两） 研末。水煮面糊为丸梧子大。食后
姜
汤下三十丸。化痰坠涎。止嗽定喘。治一切痰逆呕吐。
人参平肺散。人参炙草地骨皮茯苓天门冬（去心）各一钱。青皮陈皮各六钱。知母（炒）
一
钱半。五味子（捶碎炒）三十粒。桑白皮（炒）二钱。水二钟。加生姜五片。煎至一钟。食
后稍
远温服。如热甚加黄芩薄荷叶各一钱。治肺痿。胸膈痞满。咳嗽喘呕。人参生犀散。人参羚
羊角（镑）地骨皮秦艽麦门冬（去心）枳壳（麸炒）大黄（蒸）柴胡（去芦）赤茯苓赤芍桑
白皮（炒）黄
鳖甲（醋炙炒）各等分。研末。每服二钱。水半盏。加乌梅半个。煎至三分。不拘时服。
治
小儿骨蒸肌瘦。颊赤口干。潮热盗汗。烦躁。及大病后余毒不解。
人参白虎汤。人参石膏知母天花粉葛根麦门冬竹叶粳米。水煎服。治热渴。又方。人参
五钱。石膏一两。知母七钱。甘草四钱。水煎。食后温服。治膈消。上焦烦渴。不欲多食。
人参回生再造丸。人参当归川芎黄连羌活防风玄参（酒炒）藿香（炒）白芷（炒）茯苓（炒）
麻黄
（炒）天麻（炒）萆 （炒）姜黄（炒）炙草肉桂（勿见火）白豆蔻仁（勿见火）何首乌（料
豆水拌蒸九
次）琥珀（另研）黄 （蜜炙）大黄（酒蒸）草豆蔻仁（另研）雄鼠粪熟地穿山甲（前后四
足各用五钱
麻油浸炙）各二两。水安息蕲蛇（小者佳。去骨并头尾三寸。酒浸炙取净末。）各四两。干
全
蝎（去头尾足）威灵仙（酒炒）葛根（炒）桑寄生（烘干）各二两五钱。细辛赤芍（炒）乌
药（酒炒）青
皮（麸炒）于术（土炒）僵蚕（洗炒）乳香（去油）没药（去油）辰砂骨碎补（酒炒）香附
（去皮毛酒炒）
天竺黄白附子（切片制）龟板（炙）沉香母丁香胆星各一两。红花（酒浸烘干）犀角尖各八
钱。川
朴地龙（炙干）松香（煮九次）各五钱。木香（勿见火）梅花冰片西牛黄各二钱五分。血竭
八分。
虎胫骨（炙酥）一对。研末蜜丸。每丸重一钱。金箔为衣。蜡壳封固。每服一丸。生姜汤下。
治中痰。中风。口眼歪斜。手足拘挛。言语不清。左瘫右痪。筋骨疼痛半身不遂。步履艰难。
人参蛤蚧散。人参二两。蛤蚧一对。（浸五宿。逐日换水去腥。炙黄。）杏仁五两。（去皮尖
炒）炙草三两。茯苓贝母（去心）知母（酒炒）桑白皮（姜汁和蜜炙）各二两。研末。每
服三钱。
茶汤蜜水下均可。治肺痿失音。咳吐脓血。
四君子汤。人参一钱。白术二钱。白茯苓一钱。炙草五分。姜三片。水二钟煎至一钟。
温服。治脾胃气虚。不思饮食诸病。（按古方中所用人参皆今之党参。亦可酌量病情改用吉
林
高丽所产者）
Old materia medica texts refer to Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) when mentioning "Renshen" (Ginseng). Currently, it is divided into three types: Jilin Renshen (Jilin Ginseng), Shangdang Renshen (Shangdang Ginseng), and Korean Renshen (Korean Ginseng).
Jilin Renshen: Produced in Changbai Mountain. Wild varieties are difficult to obtain. In recent times, people have collected seeds for cultivation, which become plump within one or two years. It is often cooked in sugar water, sun-dried, and sold. Cooking causes it to rot easily, resulting in minimal medicinal efficacy. Therefore, Jilin Renshen must be wild mountain ginseng to be excellent. Obtaining raw dried ginseng is even better. This is because gatherers go deep into chaotic mountains; after harvesting, they fear deterioration, and storage after leaving the mountain is also very difficult, hence the necessity of cooking.
Shangdang Renshen: Produced in Shanxi. It is also cultivated ginseng, with diminishing efficacy over time.
Korean Renshen: Produced in Korea. Similar to Jilin Renshen. Wild varieties are also scarce.
Indications: Strengthens the heart, tonifies the spleen and stomach, calms the spirit. This herb possesses profound efficacy. Regardless of the disease, if it belongs to heart weakness, it can be taken. However, it is contraindicated in cases where excess pathogens require purgation.
Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill): Composed of equal parts of Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Lujiaojiao (Colla Cornus Cervi, stir-fried), Shudi (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma). Pulverized into fine powder, formed into pills the size of wu zi (Cibotii Spora) using honey. Take thirty pills before meals with rice soup. Functions: Tonifies deficiency, nourishes yin, generates blood.
Renshen Banxia Wan (Ginseng and Pinellia Pill): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 1 liang, Fuling (Poria), Tian Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) each 5 qian, Hanshuishi (Halloysitum Rubrum), Baifan (Alumen), Jiangxie (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) each 1 liang, Haifen (Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba) 2.5 qian. (Another prescription adds Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) 2 qian and Huangbo (Phellodendri Cortex) 2 liang). Pulverized into fine powder, bound with wheat paste made by boiling water, formed into pills the size of wu zi. Take thirty pills after meals with ginger soup. Functions: Resolves phlegm, directs rebellious qi downward, stops cough, stabilizes asthma. Treats various conditions of phlegm-rebellion and vomiting.
Renshen Pingfei San (Ginseng Lung-Pacifying Powder): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata), Digupi (Lycti Cortex), Fuling (Poria), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, heart removed) each 1 qian, Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) each 6 qian, Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, stir-fried) 1.5 qian, Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, crushed and stir-fried) 30 grains, Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, stir-fried) 2 qian. Use 2 zhong of water, add 5 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct until 1 zhong remains. Take warm after meals, slightly cooled. If heat is severe, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium) each 1 qian. Treats Feiwai (Flaccidity of Lung), chest and diaphragm fullness/stuffiness, cough, wheezing, and vomiting.
Renshen Shengxi San (Ginseng and Raw Rhinoceros Horn Powder): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu, shaved), Digupi (Lycti Cortex), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, heart removed), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, bran-stir-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, steamed), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, radix removed), Chi Fuling (Poria with red wood), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, stir-fried), Biejia (Testudinis et Carapacis Spongosa Squama, vinegar-stir-fried) each equal parts. Pulverized into fine powder. Each dose: 2 qian, half a zhan of water, add half a Wumei (Mume Fructus), decoct until one-third remains. Take at any time. Treats pediatric Guzheng Ji Shou (bone-steaming emaciation), red cheeks, dry mouth, tidal fever, night sweats, irritability, and residual toxins after major illnesses.
Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng White Tiger Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), Jingmi (Oryza Sativa). Decoct in water and take. Treats heat-induced thirst. Another formula: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 1 liang, Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 7 qian, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 4 qian. Decoct in water, take warm after meals. Treats Ge Xiao (Diabetes Mellitus involving the diaphragm), upper jiao irritability and thirst, aversion to eating much.
Renshen Huisheng Zaizao Wan (Ginseng Revitalizing Rebirth Pill): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, wine-stir-fried), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba, stir-fried), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, stir-fried), Fuling (Poria, stir-fried), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, stir-fried), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma, stir-fried), Bixie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma, stir-fried), Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, stir-fried), Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata), Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, avoid fire), Baidoukou Ren (Cardamomi Fructus Rotundus, avoid fire), Heshouwu (Polygoni Multiflori Radix, steamed nine times mixed with Vigna angularis water), Hupo (Electrum, separately ground), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-stir-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wine-steamed), Caodoukou Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, separately ground), Xiong Shufen (Excrement Mus domesticus), Shudi (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Chuanshanjia (Manis Squama, front and back four feet, 5 qian each, soaked in sesame oil and stir-fried) each 2 liang. Shui Anxi Qishe (Deinagkistrodon acutus, small ones preferred, bones, head, and tail tips removed, wine-soaked and stir-fried for pure powder) 4 liang. Gan Quanxie (Scorpio, head, tail, and legs removed), Weilingxian (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix? Note: Usually Saposhnikoviae Radix in this context, but text says Weilingxian which is usually Saposhnikoviae or Salvia depending on source, here likely Saposhnikoviae based on stroke paralysis context, but standard is Saposhnikoviae. Wait, Weilingxian is Saposhnikoviae Radix. Text says Weilingxian (wine-stir-fried)), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, stir-fried), Sangjisheng (Taxilli Caulis, dried) each 2.5 liang. Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, stir-fried), Wuyao (Linderae Radix, wine-stir-fried), Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, bran-stir-fried), Yuzhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, earth-stir-fried), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, washed and stir-fried), Ruxiang (Resina Frankincense, oil removed), Moyao (Resina Myrrhae, oil removed), Chen Sha (Cinnabaris), Gusuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma, wine-stir-fried), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma, skin/hairs removed, wine-stir-fried), Tianzhu Huang (Calamus? No, Bambusae Spongia Preparata), Baifu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma, sliced and processed), Guiban (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, stir-fried), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Mudingxiang (Eugeniae Caryophyllati Flos), Dansheng (Arisomatis cum Bile Preparata) each 1 liang. Honghua (Carthami Flos, wine-soaked and dried), Xijiao Jian (Rhinocerotis Cornu Summus) each 8 qian. Chun Pouch (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Dilong (Pheretima, stir-fried dry), Songxiang (Colophonium, boiled nine times) each 5 qian. Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix, avoid fire), Meihua Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum), Xininiu Huang (Bovis Calculus) each 2.5 qian. Xuejie (Dragonis Sanguis) 8 fen. Hu Jinggu (Tigris Os, roasted to crisp) 1 pair. Pulverized into fine powder, formed into pills with honey, each pill weighs 1 qian, coated with Jinbo (Folium Aureum), sealed in wax shell. Take one pill per dose, with ginger soup. Treats Zhong Tan (Phlegm Stroke), Fengzhong (Wind Stroke), facial deviation, limb spasms, unclear speech, left hemiplegia/right flaccidity, bone and joint pain, hemiplegia, difficulty walking.
Renshen Hejie San (Ginseng and Gecko Powder): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 2 liang, Hejie (Geckus) 1 pair. (Soak for five nights, change water daily to remove fishy smell, stir-fry until yellow). Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 5 liang, skin/point removed, stir-fried), Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata) 3 liang, Fuling (Poria), Beimu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, heart removed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, wine-stir-fried), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, stir-fried with ginger juice and honey) each 2 liang. Pulverized into fine powder. Each dose: 3 qian. Can be taken with tea water or honey water. Treats Feiwai Shi Yin (Flaccidity of Lung with loss of voice), coughing up pus and blood.
Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction): Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 1 qian, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 2 qian, Bai Fuling (Poria) 1 qian, Zhigancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata) 5 fen, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 slices. Decoct 2 zhong of water until 1 zhong remains. Take warm. Treats Pi Wei Qi Xu (Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency), anorexia, and related diseases. (Note: The Renshen used in ancient formulas refers to modern Dangshen. Depending on the condition, Jilin or Korean Renshen may be substituted.)