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*Huan You Bi Ji* records: The *Cili* (Rosa roxburghii) resembles the *Tangli* (Pyrus calleryana), covered with numerous prickles that should not be touched. Its taste is sweet yet astringent and sour. When its juice is soaked and decocted with honey, it can be made into an ointment, which is no inferior to hawthorn (*Shanzha*) or pear (*Liq*). It flowers in summer and fruits in autumn. The flowers vary in single and double petals, known as "Song Chun Gui" (Seeing Off Spring's Return). With abundant nectar and profuse blooms, alternating red and purple, it can be planted in gardens for appreciation. This plant is found only in Guizhou; if transplanted to other regions, it fails to grow. It is perhaps similar to the *Youtan* flower, appearing exclusively in southern Yunnan. Consuming it relieves chest oppression and resolves food stagnation (from notes).

*Ben Jing Feng Yuan* states: The pit of the loquat (*Pipa*) is extremely cold in nature and damages the liver and spleen. When used together with eggplant (*Luosu*) in bran sauce, it turns greenish-cyan; when cooked with crab, it does not turn red even when thoroughly cooked, indicating its cold nature and affinity for the liver meridian.
Zhao Xuemin’s commentary: Shiwang (Zhang Lu) deduced its cold nature from its ability to preserve complexion, unaware that the loquat possesses the innate qi of the four seasons, making its nature warm and neutral. Its pit can dissolve all kinds of feathers. Observing gardeners who soak chicken and goose feathers in water to fertilize flowers, they often crush several loquat pits and throw them into the tank water due to difficulty in decomposition. Within three days, the feathers rot and dissolve, proving that it directly travels to the Jueyin Liver meridian, acting swiftly and effectively. It can be used to treat various conditions of excess liver qi in individuals with substantial qi constitution.
Zhao Xuemin’s commentary: Zhu Shixiao’s *Youxi Fang* records that boiling loquat pits with clams causes the clams to open their shells, suggesting its nature is also good at "Li" (separation/dispersal). Since the loquat embodies the complete qi of the four seasons, its fruit promotes union (convergence), thus it can astringe lung coughs; its pit promotes separation (dispersion), thus it can soothe liver excess. One unites, one separates, demonstrating the profound interplay of multiplication and division. *Wuli Xiaoshi* records that loquat pits can remove mold and stains, hence they can resolve phlegm.

Cantonese records: The variety originates from overseas, also called Yangtao (Oval leechee), growing five to six zhang high, with thick trunks measuring several chi in circumference. The flowers are red, with multiple fruits per pedicel, ripening in July and August. The color resembles wax. Also known as Sanlianzi or Shanlian. "Lian" means ridge. The colloquial pronunciation mistakenly uses "Lian" for "Leng" (ridge/prickle), possibly because its sour taste has an astringent effect on color. Varieties with five ridges are named Wulian. Watered with glutinous rice water, it becomes sweet, named Nuoyangtao, and is used as a vegetable by Cantonese people. *Bencao Gangmu* states: Sanlianzi is Yangtao. It only mentions treating wind-heat and generating fluids to quench thirst, omitting other efficacies, which are now supplemented based on Cantonese records. *Erya* states: Changchu Diao (note: current Yangtao), or Gui Tao, has leaves resembling peach blossoms, white seeds like wheat, and resembles peaches. Lu Ji’s commentary says: Leaves are long and narrow, flowers are purple-red, stems are weak, extending over one chi and creeping over grass. Zheng Shi says: Vines bear red fruits shaped like rat droppings, hence also named Shushi (Rat Dropping). Children eat it, calling it Yangchang or Yuyi. *Shu Ben Tu Jing* states: Fruits are small like date pits, seedlings are weak vines, unable to become trees, currently called Xizi, roots resemble Peony (*Mudan*). *Qunfang Pu* states: Yangtao is produced in Fuzhou, with five-petaled flowers, yellowish-green in color. *Shijing · Kui Feng* says: "Xi you chang chu, yi nuo qi zhi," referring to this plant. Taste is sour, sweet, and astringent; nature is neutral and non-toxic. Long-term consumption dispels miasma and malaria toxins. For those poisoned by gu toxin, drinking freshly squeezed juice expels the toxin. Dried or preserved in white honey, it can be taken northward to treat maladaptation to climate and malaria. *Lingnan Zaji* records: Someone suffering from sore throat and swelling after eating pork was relieved by eating Yangtao. *Yaoxing Kao* states: Raw Yangtao is extremely sour and inedible; ripe ones are sweet. Overconsumption injures spleen-stomach with cold, suitable for those with internal heat. Excessive intake chills the spleen and stomach and induces diarrhea; it can be sun-dried. Song says: Hou Tao (Kiwi/Yangtao), cold, sour and sweet, quenches thirst and regulates the middle, descends qi and relieves vexation, removes heat and joint wind-pain, suppresses mineral drug toxicity, promotes urination and treats hemorrhoids, pulp can be decocted and eaten.