（《别录》）
【释名】血余（《纲目》）、人退。
时珍曰∶头上曰发，属足少阴、阳明；耳前曰鬓，属手、足少阳；目上曰眉，属手、足
阳明；唇上曰髭，属手阳明；颏下曰须，属足少阴、阳明；两颊曰髯，属足少阳。其经气血
盛，则美而长；气多血少，则美而短；气少血多，则少而恶；气血俱少，则其处不生。气血
俱热，则黄而赤；气血俱衰，则白而落。《素问》云∶肾之华在发。王冰注云∶肾主髓，脑
者髓之海，发者脑之华，脑减则发素。滑寿注云∶水出高原，故肾华在发。发者血之余，血
者水之类也。今方家呼发为血余，盖本此义也。《龙木论》谓之人退焉。叶世杰《草木子》
云∶精之荣以须，气之荣以眉，血之荣以发。《类苑》云∶发属心，禀火气而上生；须属肾，
禀
发不异也。说虽不同，亦各有理，终不若分经者为的。刘君安云∶欲发不落，梳头满千遍。
又云∶发宜多梳，齿宜数叩。皆摄精益脑之理尔。又昆斋吴玉有白发辨，言发之白，虽有迟
早老少，皆不系寿之修短，由祖传及随事感应而已。援引古今为证，亦自有理。文多不录。
【气味】苦，微温，无毒。
【主治】咳嗽，五淋，大小便不通，小儿惊痫，止血。鼻衄，烧灰吹之立已（《别录》）。
烧灰，疗转胞，小便不通，赤白痢，哽噎，痈肿，狐尿刺，尸疰，疔肿骨疽杂疮（苏恭）。
消瘀血，补阴甚捷（震亨）。
【发明】时珍曰∶发乃血余，故能治血病，补阴，疗惊痫，去心窍之血。刘君安以己发
合头垢等分烧存性，每服豆许三丸，名曰还精丹，令头不白。又老唐方，亦用自己乱发洗净，
每一两入川椒五十粒，泥固，入瓶 黑研末，每空心酒服一钱，令髭发长黑。此皆补阴之验
也。用椒者，取其下达尔。
弘景曰∶俗中妪母为小儿作鸡子煎，用其父梳头乱发，杂鸡子黄熬，良久得汁，与儿服，
去痰热，疗百病。
【附方】旧十六，新二十五。
孩子热疮∶乱发一团如梨子大，鸡子黄十个煮熟，同于铫子内熬，至甚干始有液出，旋
置盏中，液尽为度。用敷疮上，即以苦参粉粉之，神妙。详见鸡子黄下。（刘禹锡《传信方》）
小儿斑疹∶发灰，饮服三钱。（《子母秘录》）
小儿断脐∶即用清油调发灰敷之，不可伤水。脐湿不干，亦敷之。
小儿重舌欲死者∶以乱发灰半钱，调敷舌下。不住用之。（《简要济众》）
小儿燕口，两角生疮∶烧乱发，和猪脂涂之。（《子母秘录》）
小儿吻疮∶发灰，和猪脂涂之。（《圣惠方》）
小儿惊啼∶乱发烧研，乳汁或酒服少许，良。（《千金》）
鼻血眩冒欲死者∶乱发烧研，水服方寸匕，仍吹之。（《梅师方》）
鼻血不止∶血余，烧灰吹之，立止，永不发。男用母发，女用父发。《圣惠》∶用乱发灰
一钱，人中白五分，麝香少许，为末，搐鼻。名三奇散。
肺疽吐血∶发灰一钱，米醋二合，白汤一盏，调服。（《三因方》）
咳嗽有血∶小儿胎发灰，入麝香少许，酒下。每个作一服，男用女，女用男。（《朱氏
集验》）
齿缝出血∶头发切，入铫内炒存性，研，掺之。（华佗《中藏经》）
肌肤出血∶胎发烧灰，敷之即止。或吹入鼻中。（《证治要诀》）
诸窍出血∶头发、败棕、陈莲蓬，并烧灰等分。每服三钱，木香汤下。（《仁斋直指》）
上下诸血，或吐血，或心衄，或内崩，或舌上出血如簪孔，或鼻衄，或小便出血。并用
乱发灰，水服方寸匕，一日三服。（《圣济》）
无故遗血∶乱发及爪甲烧灰，酒服方寸匕。（《千金方》）
小便尿血∶发灰二钱，醋汤服。（《永类方》）
血淋苦痛∶乱发烧存性二钱，入麝少许，米饮服。（《危氏方》）
大便泻血∶血余半两（烧灰），鸡冠花根、柏叶各一两，为末。卧时酒服二钱，来早以
温酒一盏投之。一服见效。（《普济》）
胎产便血∶发灰，每饮服二钱。（昝殷《产宝》）
女人漏血∶乱发洗净烧研，空心温酒服一钱。（《妇人良方》）
月水不通∶童男、童女发各三两（烧灰），斑蝥二十一枚（糯米炒黄），麝香一钱，为末。
每服一钱，食前热生姜酒下。（《圣惠方》）
妇人阴吹，胃气下泄，阴吹而正喧，此谷气之实也，宜猪膏发煎导之。用猪膏半斤，乱
发鸡子大三枚，和煎，发消药成矣。分再服，病从小便中出也。（张仲景方）
女劳黄胆∶因大热大劳交接后入水所致。身目俱黄，发热恶寒，小腹满急，小便难。用
膏发煎治之，即上方。（《肘后方》）
黄胆尿赤∶乱发灰，水服一钱，日三次，秘方也。（《肘后》）
大小便闭∶乱发灰三指撮，投半升水服。（姚氏）
干霍乱病∶胀满烦躁。乱发一团烧灰，盐汤二升，和服取吐。（《十便良方》）
尸疰中恶∶《子母秘录》∶用乱发如鸡子大，烧研，水服。一方∶用乱发灰半两，杏仁半
两（去皮、尖，研），炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每温酒，日下二三十丸。
破伤中风∶乱发如鸡子大，无油器中熬焦黑，研，以好酒一盏沃之，入何首乌末二钱灌
之。少顷再灌。（《本草衍义》）
沐发中风∶方同上。
令发长黑∶乱发洗晒，油煎焦枯，研末，擦发良。（《圣惠》）
擦落耳鼻∶头发瓶盛泥固， 过研末。以擦落耳、鼻，乘热蘸发灰缀定，软帛缚住，勿
令动，自生合也。（《经验良方》）
耳猝肿痛∶乱发裹杏仁末，塞之。（《圣惠方》）
吞发在咽∶取自己乱发烧灰，水服一钱。（《延龄至宝方》）
蜈蚣螫咬∶头发烧烟熏之。
疔肿恶疮∶乱发、鼠屎等分，烧灰。针入疮内，大良。（《圣惠方》）
疮口不合∶乱发、露蜂房、蛇蜕皮各烧存性一钱用温酒食前调服，神妙。（《苏沈良方》）
下疳湿疮∶发灰一钱，枣核七个，烧研，洗贴。（《心镜》）
大风疠疮∶用新竹筒十个，内装黑豆一层，头发一层，至满，以稻糠火盆内煨之，候汁
滴出，以盏接承，翎扫疮上，数日即愈。亦治诸疮。（邵真人《经验方》）
(From *Bie Lu*)
[Names] Xueyu (Blood Remainder) (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Rentui.
Li Shizhen said: Hair on the top of the head belongs to the Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Yangming meridians; sideburns in front of the ears belong to the Hand-Shaoyang and Foot-Shaoyang meridians; eyebrows above the eyes belong to the Hand-Yangming and Foot-Yangming meridians; moustache above the lips belongs to the Hand-Yangming meridian; beard under the chin belongs to the Foot-Shaoyin and Foot-Yangming meridians; whiskers on both cheeks belong to the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. When the Qi and Blood in these meridians are abundant, the hair is beautiful and long; when there is much Qi but little Blood, it is beautiful but short; when there is little Qi but much Blood, it is sparse and ugly; when both Qi and Blood are deficient, hair does not grow in that area. If both Qi and Blood are hot, the hair becomes yellowish-red; if both Qi and Blood decline, the hair turns white and falls out. *Suwen* states: "The flourishing aspect of the Kidney manifests in the hair." Wang Bing commented: "The Kidney governs marrow, the brain is the sea of marrow, and hair is the flourishing aspect of the brain; when brain marrow decreases, hair turns white." Hua Shou commented: "Water flows from the high source (referring to the Kidneys), thus the Kidney's flourishing aspect manifests in the hair. Hair is the surplus of Blood, and Blood is a category of Water. Now, practitioners call hair 'Xueyu' (Blood Remainder), presumably based on this meaning. *Longmu Lun* refers to it as 'Rentui'. Ye Shijie in *Caomu Zi* stated: "The essence's flourishing appears in the beard, the Qi's flourishing in the eyebrows, and the Blood's flourishing in the hair." *Lei Yuan* stated: "Hair belongs to the Heart, inheriting Fire Qi to grow upwards; beards belong to the Kidney..." (Note: Original text seems incomplete here, context implies inheriting Kidney Qi). Although the theories differ, each has its rationale, yet none are as precise as classifying by meridians. Liu Jun'an said: "To prevent hair loss, comb the hair a thousand times." He also said: "Hair should be combed frequently, teeth should be tapped often." These are all principles of preserving essence and nourishing the brain. Additionally, Wu Yu of Kunzhai wrote *Bai Fa Bian*, stating that while hair whitening occurs at different ages and speeds, it is not related to lifespan, but rather due to heredity and environmental responses. Citing ancient and modern evidence, this view has merit. The text is too long to record fully.
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Cough, Wulin (five types of strangury), obstruction of urination and defecation, pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, hemostasis. For epistaxis, burn to ash and blow into the nostrils for immediate cessation (*Bie Lu*). Burned to ash, it treats Zhuanbao (retention of urine with abdominal distension), urinary obstruction, dysentery with red and white discharge, dysphagia, carbuncles and swellings, Hunaoci (a skin disease), Shizhu (chronic wasting infectious disease), Dingzhong (carbuncle), Guju (bone abscess), and various sores (Su Gong). It resolves blood stasis and tonifies Yin very rapidly (Zhenheng).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Since hair is the surplus of Blood, it can treat blood diseases, tonify Yin, manage convulsions and epilepsy, and remove blood from the orifices of the Heart. Liu Jun'an used his own hair mixed with equal parts of scalp dirt, burned until carbonized, formed into three pills the size of a bean per dose, named Huanjing Dan (Return Essence Pill), to prevent graying. Another old Tang prescription uses one's own cleaned loose hair, adding fifty Sichuan peppercorns per liang, sealed with mud, bottled, burned black, and ground to powder. Taken orally with wine on an empty stomach (one qian per dose), it promotes black growth of beard and hair. These are all validations of tonifying Yin. Peppercorn is used for its descending action.
Tao Hongjing said: In folk practice, grandmothers make egg fritters for children using the father's loose hair from combing, fried together with egg yolk for a long time until juice is extracted. Given to the child, it clears phlegm-heat and treats hundred diseases.
[Attached Formulas] Sixteen old formulas, twenty-five new formulas.
Pediatric Heat Sores: A ball of loose hair the size of a pear, ten cooked egg yolks. Simmer together in a pot until dry, then liquid appears. Collect the liquid in a cup until exhausted. Apply to the sore, then dust with Sophora root powder. Miraculous. See details under Egg Yolk. (Liu Yuxi, *Chuanxin Fang*)
Pediatric Smallpox/Rash: Hair ash, taken orally with water, 3 qian. (*Zimu Milu*)
Pediatric Umbilical Cord Cutting: Mix hair ash with clear sesame oil and apply. Keep dry. Also applies to umbilical dampness that does not dry.
Pediatric Double Tongue (Life-threatening): Half a qian of loose hair ash, mixed and applied under the tongue. Use continuously. (*Jianyao Jizhong*)
Pediatric Angular Cheilitis (Swallow Mouth), sores at corners of mouth: Burn loose hair, mix with lard, and apply. (*Zimu Milu*)
Pediatric Lip Sores: Hair ash mixed with lard, apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Pediatric Startled Crying: Burn loose hair, grind, take a small amount with milk or wine. Effective. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Epistaxis with Dizziness approaching death: Burn loose hair, grind, take a fangcun bi (measure) with water, and also blow into nose. (*Meishi Fang*)
Unceasing Epistaxis: Xueyu (blood remainder), burned to ash and blown into nose, stops immediately and prevents recurrence. Males use mother's hair, females use father's hair. *Shenghui*: One qian loose hair ash, five fen Renzhongbai (calcined human urine crust), a little musk, ground to powder, insufflated into nose. Named Sanqi San (Three Wonders Powder).
Lung Abscess with Hemoptysis: One qian hair ash, two he rice vinegar, one zhan warm water, mixed and taken. (*Sanyin Fang*)
Cough with Blood: Pediatric lanugo ash, add a little musk, taken with wine. Each piece of lanugo constitutes one dose. Males use female hair, females use male hair. (*Zhu Shi Jiyan*)
Gingival Bleeding: Cut hair, stir-fry in a pot until carbonized, grind, and sprinkle on the site. (Hua Tuo, *Zhongzang Jing*)
Cutaneous Bleeding: Lanugo ash, apply to stop bleeding. Or insufflate into nose. (*Zhengzhi Yaojue*)
Bleeding from Various Orifices: Hair, decayed palm fiber, dried lotus seed pods, all burned to ash in equal parts. Take 3 qian per dose, with Mugwort wood decoction. (*Ren Zhi Zhixiang*)
Various Bleeding (Upper and Lower), including hematemesis, cardiac epistaxis, internal rupture, bleeding from tongue like needle holes, epistaxis, or hematuria. All treated with loose hair ash, taken with water, one fangcun bi per dose, three times daily. (*Shengji Zonglu*)
Idiopathic Rectal Bleeding: Loose hair and fingernails burned to ash, taken with wine, one fangcun bi. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Hematuria: Two qian hair ash, taken with vinegar decoction. (*Yonglei Fang*)
Painful Bloody Strangury: Two qian loose hair burned until carbonized, add a little musk, taken with rice drink. (*Wei Shi Fang*)
Bloody Diarrhea: Half liang Xueyu (burned to ash), one liang Cornus flower root, one liang Biye (Cupressus leaf), ground to powder. Take 2 qian with wine before sleep, followed by one zhan warm wine next morning. Effective after one dose. (*Puji Fang*)
Postpartum Rectal Bleeding: Hair ash, take 2 qian with water. (Zan Yin, *Chanbao*)
Female Metrorrhagia: Clean loose hair, burn and grind, take one qian with warm wine on an empty stomach. (*Furen Liangfang*)
Amenorrhea: Three liang each of hair from virgin boys and girls (burned to ash), twenty-one Banmao (Mylabris, stir-fried with glutinous rice until yellow), one qian musk, ground to powder. Take one qian per dose, before meals with hot ginger-wine. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Female Vaginal Flatulence (Yinchui), downward leakage of Stomach Qi, loud vaginal gas, caused by excess Grain Qi. Treat with Pig Fat and Hair Decoction (Zhigao Faxian) to guide it out. Use half jin pig fat and three pieces of loose hair the size of an egg. Simmer until hair dissolves and medicine is ready. Divide into two doses. The pathogen exits via urination. (Zhang Zhongjing)
Female Labor Jaundice: Caused by intercourse after severe heat and fatigue followed by exposure to water. Yellowing of body and eyes, fever and aversion to cold, fullness and urgency in lower abdomen, difficult urination. Treat with Gao Faxian (Fat-Hair Decoction), i.e., the above formula. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Jaundice with Red Urine: One qian loose hair ash, taken with water, three times daily. Secret recipe. (*Zhouhou*)
Obstruction of Urination and Defecation: Three finger-pinches of loose hair ash, taken in half sheng water. (Yao Shi)
Dry Huoluan Disease: Distension, fullness, irritability. One ball of loose hair burned to ash, mixed with two sheng salt water, taken to induce vomiting. (*Shibian Liangfang*)
Shizhu and Evil Invasion: *Zimu Milu*: Use loose hair the size of an egg, burn and grind, take with water. Another prescription: Half liang loose hair ash, half liang Apricot seeds (peeled and crushed), refined honey pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20-30 pills with warm wine daily.
Traumatic Wind-Stroke: Loose hair the size of an egg, charred black in a grease-free vessel, ground. Pour one zhan good wine over it, add two qian Polygonum multiflorum powder, and administer. Repeat after a short while. (*Bencao Yanxi*)
Wind-Stroke from Washing Hair: Same formula as above.
Promote Black Hair Growth: Wash and dry loose hair, fry in oil until charred and dry, grind to powder, rub onto hair. Good result. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Reattachment of Torn Ear/Nose: Store hair in a bottle, seal with mud, calcine, and grind. Dip the torn ear/nose in the hot hair ash to reattach, bind with soft cloth, keep still, and it will heal naturally. (*Jingyan Liangfang*)
Sudden Ear Swelling and Pain: Wrap loose hair around crushed almond powder, insert into ear. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Swallowed Hair in Throat: Take one's own loose hair, burn to ash, take one qian with water. (*Yanling Zhibao Fang*)
Centipede Bite: Smoke with burning hair.
Carbuncles and Malignant Sores: Equal parts loose hair and rat feces, burned to ash. Insert needle into sore, highly effective. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Non-healing Wounds: One qian each of loose hair, Rhombiferous hornet nest, and snake slough, all burned until carbonized. Take with warm wine before meals. Miraculous. (*Su Shen Liangfang*)
Chancres and Damp Sores: One qian hair ash, seven jujube pits, burned and ground, wash and apply. (*Xinjing*)
Leprosy/Major Wind Sores: Ten fresh bamboo tubes. Layer with black beans and hair until full. Roast in a rice husk fire. Catch the dripping juice in a cup. Sweep onto sores with a feather. Heals in a few days. Also treats various sores. (Shao Zhenren, *Jingyan Fang*)