岐伯曰∶木生酸，火生苦，土生甘，金生辛，水生咸。辛散，酸收，甘缓，苦坚，咸
软。毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充，气味合而服之，以补精益气
。此五味各有所利，四时五脏，病随所宜也。又曰∶阴之所生，本在五味；阴之五宫，伤
在五味。骨正筋柔，气血以流，腠理以密，骨气以精，长有天命。又曰∶圣人春夏养阳，
秋冬养阴，以从其根，二气常存（春食凉，夏食寒，以养阳；秋食温，冬食热，以养阴）。
五欲 肝欲酸，心欲苦，脾欲甘，肺欲辛，肾欲咸，此五味合五脏之气也。
五宜 青色宜酸，肝病宜食麻、犬、李、韭。赤色宜苦，心病宜食麦、羊、杏、
薤。
黄色宜甘，脾病宜食粳、牛、枣、葵。白色宜辛，肺病宜食黄黍、鸡、桃、葱。黑色宜咸
，肾病宜食大豆黄卷、猪、栗、藿。
五禁 肝病禁辛，宜食甘∶粳、牛、枣、葵。心病禁咸，宜食酸∶麻、犬、李、
韭。
脾病禁酸，宜食咸∶大豆、豕、栗、藿。肺病禁苦，宜食苦∶麦、羊、杏、薤。肾病禁甘
，宜食辛∶黄黍、鸡、桃、葱。
思邈曰∶春宜省酸增甘以养脾，夏宜省苦增辛以养肺，秋宜省辛增酸以养肝，冬宜省
咸增苦以养心，四季宜省甘增咸以养肾。
时珍曰∶五欲者，五味入胃，喜归本脏，有余之病，宜本味通之。五禁者，五脏不足
之病
五走 酸走筋，筋病毋多食酸，多食令人癃。酸气涩收，胞得酸而缩卷，故水道
不通
也。苦走骨，骨病毋多食苦，多食令人变呕。苦入下脘，三焦皆闭，故变呕也。甘走肉，
肉病毋多食甘，多食令人 心。甘气柔润，胃柔则缓，缓则虫动，故 心也。
辛走气，气病毋多食辛，多食令人洞心。辛走上焦，与气俱行，久留心下，故洞心也。
咸走血，血病毋多食咸，多食令人渴。血与咸相得则凝，凝则胃汁注之，故咽路焦而舌本
干。《
五伤 酸伤筋，辛胜酸。苦伤气，咸胜苦。甘伤肉，酸胜甘。辛伤皮毛，苦胜辛。
咸伤血，甘胜咸。
五过 味过于酸，肝气以津，脾气乃绝，肉胝 而唇揭。味过于苦，脾气不濡，
胃气
乃浓，皮槁而毛拔。味过于甘，心气喘满，色黑，肾气不平，骨痛而发落。
味过于辛，筋脉沮绝，精神乃失，筋急而爪枯。味过于咸，大骨气劳，短肌，心气抑
，脉凝涩而变色。
时珍曰∶五走、五伤者，本脏之味自伤也，即阴之五宫，伤在五味也。五过者，本脏
之味伐其所胜也，即脏气偏胜也。
Qibo stated: Wood generates sourness, Fire generates bitterness, Earth generates sweetness, Metal generates pungency, and Water generates saltiness. Pungency disperses, sourness astringes, sweetness moderates, bitterness hardens, and saltiness softens. Toxic substances attack pathogenic factors; the five grains serve as nourishment, the five fruits as assistance, the five meats as benefit, and the five vegetables as supplementation. By consuming these foods with their respective flavors combined, one can replenish essence and Qi. Each of the five flavors has its specific benefits; for diseases of the four seasons and the Zang-Fu organs, treatment should follow what is appropriate. It is also said: The generation of Yin originates from the five flavors; however, the five palaces (Zang organs) storing Yin are damaged by the five flavors. When bones are straight and sinews are flexible, Qi and Blood flow freely, the interstices (Couli) are dense, and the Qi of bones is refined, one may enjoy a long natural lifespan. Furthermore, it is said that the sages nourish Yang in Spring and Summer, and nourish Yin in Autumn and Winter, following their roots, so that the two Qi remain constant (in Spring, eat cool foods; in Summer, eat cold foods to nourish Yang; in Autumn, eat warm foods; in Winter, eat hot foods to nourish Yin).
The Five Desires: The Liver desires sourness, the Heart desires bitterness, the Spleen desires sweetness, the Lungs desire pungency, and the Kidneys desire saltiness. This corresponds the five flavors to the Qi of the five Zang organs.
The Five Suitabilities: Complexion appearing blue/green suits sourness; Liver diseases suit eating hemp seeds, dog meat, plums, and Chinese chives. Complexion appearing red suits bitterness; Heart diseases suit eating wheat, mutton, apricots, and Allium macrostemon (Xie). Complexion appearing yellow suits sweetness; Spleen diseases suit eating japonica rice, beef, jujubes, and Malva verticillata (Kui). Complexion appearing white suits pungency; Lung diseases suit eating yellow millet, chicken, peaches, and scallions. Complexion appearing black suits saltiness; Kidney diseases suit eating soybean sprouts (Da Dou Huang Juan), pork, chestnuts, and Pteris multifida (Huo).
The Five Prohibitions: Liver diseases prohibit pungency and suit sweetness: japonica rice, beef, jujubes, and Malva verticillata. Heart diseases prohibit saltiness and suit sourness: hemp seeds, dog meat, plums, and Chinese chives. Spleen diseases prohibit sourness and suit saltiness: soybeans, pigs, chestnuts, and Pteris multifida. Lung diseases prohibit bitterness and suit [pungency]: yellow millet, chicken, peaches, and scallions. (Note: The original text states "suit bitterness" but lists pungent/warm foods; this is likely a textual error in the source, as Lung corresponds to Pungency. Translated literally as per source structure but noting the discrepancy). Kidney diseases prohibit sweetness and suit pungency: yellow millet, chicken, peaches, and scallions.
Sun Simiao stated: In Spring, one should reduce sourness and increase sweetness to nourish the Spleen; in Summer, reduce bitterness and increase pungency to nourish the Lungs; in Autumn, reduce pungency and increase sourness to nourish the Liver; in Winter, reduce saltiness and increase bitterness to nourish the Heart; throughout the four seasons, reduce sweetness and increase saltiness to nourish the Kidneys.
Li Shizhen stated: The "Five Desires" refer to the five flavors entering the stomach and preferring to return to their corresponding Zang organ. For conditions of excess, it is appropriate to use the corresponding flavor to unblock them. The "Five Prohibitions" refer to conditions of deficiency in the five Zang organs...
The Five Movements: Sourness moves to the sinews. If sinews are diseased, do not consume excessive sourness, as it causes strangury (difficulty in urination). The astringent nature of sourness causes the bladder to contract and curl upon contact, thus blocking the water passages. Bitterness moves to the bones. If bones are diseased, do not consume excessive bitterness, as it induces vomiting. Bitterness enters the lower epigastrium, closing the Triple Burner (San Jiao), thus causing vomiting. Sweetness moves to the flesh. If flesh is diseased, do not consume excessive sweetness, as it causes cardiac discomfort (text missing, inferred as 'Yun' or similar distress). The moistening nature of sweetness relaxes the Stomach Qi; if relaxed, parasites may move, causing cardiac discomfort. Pungency moves to Qi. If Qi is diseased, do not consume excessive pungency, as it causes a hollow burning sensation in the heart (Dong Xin). Pungency ascends to the Upper Burner, moving with Qi; if it lingers below the heart, it causes this hollow burning. Saltiness moves to the Blood. If Blood is diseased, do not consume excessive saltiness, as it causes thirst. When Blood meets saltiness, it coagulates; the coagulation draws gastric juices to it, causing the throat passage to dry up and the root of the tongue to become dry.
The Five Injuries: Sourness injures the sinews; Pungency overcomes Sourness. Bitterness injures Qi; Saltiness overcomes Bitterness. Sweetness injures flesh; Sourness overcomes Sweetness. Pungency injures the skin and hair; Bitterness overcomes Pungency. Saltiness injures the Blood; Sweetness overcomes Saltiness.
The Five Excesses: If the taste is excessively sour, Liver Qi becomes overflowing, and Spleen Qi is extinguished, resulting in calloused skin and everted lips. If the taste is excessively bitter, Spleen Qi fails to moisten, Stomach Qi becomes thick/stagnant, resulting in dry skin and fallen hair. If the taste is excessively sweet, Heart Qi becomes panting and full, the complexion turns black, Kidney Qi is imbalanced, resulting in bone pain and falling hair. If the taste is excessively pungent, sinews and vessels are ruined, Spirit is lost, resulting in stiff sinews and withered nails. If the taste is excessively salty, the large bones suffer Qi exhaustion, muscles shorten, Heart Qi is depressed, and pulses become stagnant and discolored.
Li Shizhen stated: The "Five Movements" and "Five Injuries" refer to the flavor of the home Zang organ injuring itself, which is the concept that the five palaces storing Yin are damaged by the five flavors. The "Five Excesses" refer to the flavor of the home Zang organ attacking its overcoming element, which is the concept of biased excess of Zang Qi.