肝、胆（温补凉泻。辛补酸泻。）心、小肠（热补寒泻。咸补甘泻。）
肺、大肠（凉补温泻。酸补辛泻。）肾、膀胱（寒补热泻。苦补咸泻。）
脾、胃（温热补，寒凉泻，各从其宜。甘补苦泻。）三焦、命门（同心。）
张元素曰∶五脏更相平也。一脏不平，所胜平之。故云∶安谷则昌，绝谷则亡。
水去则营散，谷消则卫亡，神无所居。故血不可不养，卫不可不温。血温气和，营卫乃
行，常有天命。
肝 苦急，急食甘以缓之（甘草），以酸泻之（赤芍药），实则泻子（甘草）。 欲
散，急食
辛以散之（川芎），以辛补之（细辛），虚则补母
心 苦缓，急食酸以收之（五味子），以甘泻之（甘草、参、 ），实则泻子（甘
草）。欲软，急
脾 苦湿，急食苦以燥之（白术），以苦泻之（黄连），实则泻子（桑白皮）。欲缓，
急
食甘以缓之（炙甘草），以甘补之（人参），虚则补母
肺 苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之（诃子），以辛泻之（桑白皮），实则泻子（泽泻）。
欲收
，急食酸以收之（白芍药），以酸补之（五味子），虚则补母（五味子）。
肾 苦燥，急食辛以润之（黄柏、知母），以咸泻之（泽泻），实则泻子（芍药）。
欲坚，
急食苦以
张元素曰∶凡药之五味，随五脏所入而为补泻，亦不过因其性而调之。酸入肝，苦入心
，甘入脾，辛入肺，咸入肾。辛主散，酸主收，甘主缓，苦主坚，咸主软。辛能散结润燥，
致津液，通气；酸能收缓敛散；甘能缓急调中；苦能燥湿坚软；咸能软坚；淡能利窍。李时
珍曰∶甘缓、酸收、苦燥、辛散、咸软、淡渗，五味之本性，一定而不变者也；其或补或泻
，则因五脏四时而迭相施用者也。温、凉、寒、热，四气之本性也；其于五脏补泻，亦迭相
施用也。此特洁古张氏因《素问》饮食补泻之义，举数药以为例耳，学人宜因意而充之。
Liver and Gallbladder (Tonify with warm-natured herbs, drain with cool-natured herbs. Tonify with acrid flavor, drain with sour flavor.) Heart and Small Intestine (Tonify with hot-natured herbs, drain with cold-natured herbs. Tonify with salty flavor, drain with sweet flavor.) Lung and Large Intestine (Tonify with cool-natured herbs, drain with warm-natured herbs. Tonify with sour flavor, drain with acrid flavor.) Kidney and Bladder (Tonify with cold-natured herbs, drain with hot-natured herbs. Tonify with bitter flavor, drain with salty flavor.) Spleen and Stomach (Warm and hot natured herbs for tonification, cold and cool natured herbs for draining, according to appropriateness. Tonify with sweet flavor, drain with bitter flavor.) Sanjiao (Triple Burner) and Mingmen (Gate of Vitality) (Same principles as the Heart.)
Zhang Yuansu stated: The five Zang organs maintain mutual balance. If one organ is imbalanced, it is regulated by the organ that controls it. Thus it is said: "Abundant food intake leads to prosperity, while lack of food leads to demise." When fluids are lost, Ying (Nutrient) Qi scatters; when grain essence is consumed, Wei (Defensive) Qi perishes, and Shen (Spirit) has no abode. Therefore, Blood must be nourished, and Wei Qi must be warmed. When Blood is warm and Qi is harmonious, Ying and Wei Qi circulate normally, allowing one to fulfill their natural lifespan.
The Liver dislikes tension/spasms; urgently consume sweet-flavored herbs to relax it (e.g., Gancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma]), drain it with sour-flavored herbs (e.g., Chishao Yao [Paeoniae Radix Rubra]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (note: text cites Gancao, typically associated with Spleen/Earth, while Liver is Wood; Wood generates Fire, so draining the child usually implies draining the Heart/Fire, but the text specifies the herb). To disperse, urgently consume acrid-flavored herbs to scatter it (e.g., Chuanxiong [Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma]), tonify it with acrid-flavored herbs (e.g., Xixin [Asari Radix et Rhizoma]). For deficiency conditions, tonify the mother organ (Water generates Wood, so tonify Kidney).
The Heart dislikes flaccidity/laxity; urgently consume sour-flavored herbs to astringe it (e.g., Wuweizi [Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus]), drain it with sweet-flavored herbs (e.g., Gancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma], Renshen [Panacis Ginseng Radix], [missing character]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Heart generates Earth, so drain Spleen; text cites Gancao). To soften hardness, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Spleen dislikes dampness; urgently consume bitter-flavored herbs to dry it (e.g., Baizhu [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma]), drain it with bitter-flavored herbs (e.g., Huanglian [Coptidis Rhizoma]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Spleen generates Metal, so drain Lung; text cites Sangbaipi [Mori Cortex]). To relax, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Lung dislikes rebellious Qi; urgently consume bitter-flavored herbs to drain/descend it (e.g., Hezi [Chebulae Fructus]), drain it with acrid-flavored herbs (e.g., Sangbaipi [Mori Cortex]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Lung generates Water, so drain Kidney; text cites Zexie [Alismatis Rhizoma]). To astringe, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently consume acrid-flavored herbs to moisten it (e.g., Huangbai [Phellodendri Cortex], Zhimu [Anemarrhenae Rhizoma]), drain it with salty-flavored herbs (e.g., Zexie [Alismatis Rhizoma]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Kidney generates Wood, so drain Liver; text cites Shaoyao [Paeoniae Radix]). To firm/solidify, urgently... [text incomplete].
Zhang Yuansu stated: The five flavors of herbs produce tonification or draining effects depending on which Zang organ they enter, merely adjusting based on their nature. Sour enters the Liver, Bitter enters the Heart, Sweet enters the Spleen, Acrid enters the Lung, Salty enters the Kidney. Acrid governs dispersion, Sour governs astringency, Sweet governs relaxation, Bitter governs drying/firming, Salty governs softening. Acrid can dissipate nodules, moisten dryness, generate fluids, and promote Qi circulation; Sour can restrain laxity and astringe dispersal; Sweet can relieve urgency and harmonize the Middle Jiao; Bitter can dry dampness and firm the body; Salty can soften hardness; Dan (Bland) can open orifices.
Li Shizhen stated: Sweet relaxes, Sour astringes, Bitter dries, Acrid disperses, Salty softens, Bland permeates; these are the inherent natures of the five flavors, fixed and unchanging. Whether they act as tonics or drains depends on the specific application to the five Zang organs and the four seasons. Warm, Cool, Cold, and Hot are the inherent natures of the four Qi; their use in tonifying or draining the five Zang organs also varies alternately. This was merely Zhang Jiegu (Zhang Yuansu) citing a few herbs as examples based on the meaning of dietary tonification and draining in the *Suwen* (Basic Questions); students should understand the intent and expand upon it.