（《日用》）
【释名】野羊（《图经》）、 羊。
时珍曰∶羊之在原野者，故名。
【集解】弘景曰∶山羊即《尔雅》 羊，出西夏，似吴羊而大角、角椭者。能陟峻 ，
羌夷以为羚羊，角极长，唯一边有节，节亦疏大，不入药用。
恭曰∶山羊大如牛，或名野羊，善斗至死，角堪为鞍桥。
颂曰∶闽、广山中一种野羊，彼人谓之羚羊。其皮浓硬，不堪炙食，其肉颇肥软益人。
吴瑞曰∶山羊似羚羊，色青。其角有挂痕者为羚羊，无者为山羊。
时珍曰∶山羊有二种∶一种大角盘环，肉至百斤者；一种角细者，《说文》谓之苋羊
桓）。
陆氏云∶ 羊状如驴而群行，其角甚大，以时堕角，暑天尘露在上，生草戴行。故《代
都赋》云∶ 羊养草以盘桓。
肉
【气味】甘，热，无毒。
颂曰∶南方野羊，多啖石香薷，故肠藏颇热，不宜多食之。
【主治】南人食之，肥软益人，治冷劳山岚疟痢，妇人赤白带下（苏颂）。疗筋骨急强、
虚劳，益气，利产妇，不利时疾人（吴瑞）。
（《本经》中品）
【校正】《本经》上品白胶，中品鹿茸，今并为一条。
【释名】斑龙。
时珍曰∶鹿字篆文，象其头、角、身、足之形。《尔雅》云∶鹿，牡曰 （
（音攸），其子曰 （音迷），绝有力曰KT
云∶鹿与游龙相戏，必生异角。则鹿得称
【集解】时珍曰∶鹿，处处山林中有之。马身羊尾，头侧而长，高脚而行速。牡者有角，
夏至则解。大如小马，黄质白斑，俗称马鹿。牝者无角，小而无斑，毛杂黄白色，俗称 鹿，
孕六月而生子。鹿性淫，一牡常交数牝，谓之聚 。
同旅，居则环角外向以防害，卧则口朝尾闾，以通督
记》云∶鹿千岁为苍，又五百岁为白，又五百岁为玄。玄鹿骨亦黑，为脯食之，可长生也。
《埤雅》云∶鹿乃仙兽，自能乐性，六十年必怀琼于角下，角有斑痕，紫色如点，行则有涎，
不复急走。故曰∶鹿戴玉而角斑，鱼怀珠而鳞紫。沈存中《笔谈》云∶北狄有驼鹿，极大而
色苍黄，无斑。角大而有文，坚莹如玉。茸亦可用。《名苑》云∶鹿之大者曰麈，
视其尾为准。其尾能辟尘，拂毡则不蠹，置茜帛中，岁久红色不黯也。
鹿茸
【修治】《别录》曰∶四月、五月解角时取，阴干，使时燥。
恭曰∶鹿茸，夏收之阴干，百不收一，且易臭，惟破之火干大好。
曰∶凡使鹿茸，用黄精自然汁浸两日夜，漉出切焙捣用，免渴人也。又法∶以鹿茸锯
作片，每五两，用羊脂三两，拌天灵盖末涂之，慢火炙令内外黄脆，以鹿皮裹之，安室中一
宿，则药魂归矣。乃慢火焙干，捣末用。
《日华》曰∶只用酥炙炒研。
宗 曰∶茸上毛，先以酥薄涂匀，于烈焰中灼之，候毛尽微炙。不以酥，则火焰伤茸矣。
时珍曰∶《澹寮》、《济生》诸方，有用酥炙、酒炙，及酒蒸焙用者，当各随本方。
【发明】《抱朴子》曰∶南山多鹿，每一雄游，牝百数至。春羸瘦，入夏惟食菖蒲即肥。
当角解之时，其茸甚痛。猎人得之，以索系住取茸，然后毙鹿，鹿之血未散也。
宗 曰∶茸，最难得不破及不出却血者。盖其力尽在血中，猎时多有损伤故也。此以如
紫茄
四五寸，形如分歧
不察。按沈存中《
鹿茸作一种者疏矣。或刺麋、鹿血以代茸，云茸亦血，此大误矣。麋茸利补阳，鹿茸利补阴，
须佐以他药则有功。凡含血之物，肉差易长，筋次之，骨最难长。故人自胚胎至成人，二十
年骨髓方坚。惟麋、鹿角自生至坚，无两月之久，大者至二十余斤。计一日夜须生数两，凡
骨之生无速于此。虽草木易生，亦不及之。此骨之至强者，所以能补骨血，坚阳道，益精髓
也。头者诸阳之会，上钟于茸角，岂可与凡血为比哉。
时珍曰∶按熊氏《礼记疏》云∶鹿是山兽，属阳，情淫而游山，夏至得阴气解角，从阳
退之象；麋是泽兽，属阴，情淫而游泽，冬至得阳气而解角，从阴退之象也。余见角下。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶酸，微温。
甄权曰∶苦，辛。麻勃为之使。
诜曰∶鹿茸不可以鼻嗅之，中有小白虫，视之不见，入人鼻必为虫颡，药不及也。
【主治】漏下恶血，寒热惊痫，益气强志，生齿不老（《本经》）。疗虚劳，洒洒如疟，
羸瘦，四肢酸疼，腰脊痛，小便数利，泄精溺血，破瘀血在腹，散石淋痈肿，骨中热疽，养
骨安胎下气，杀鬼精物，久服耐老。不可近丈夫阴，令痿（《别录》）。补男子腰肾虚冷，
脚膝无力，夜梦鬼交，精溢自出，女人崩中漏血，赤白带下，炙末，空心酒服方寸匕（甄权）
壮筋骨（《日华》）。生精补髓，养血益阳，强筋健骨，治一切虚损，耳聋目暗，眩晕虚痢
（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按《澹寮方》云∶昔西蜀药市中，尝有一道人货斑龙丸，一名茸珠丹。
每大醉高歌曰∶尾闾不禁沧海竭，九转灵丹都漫说。惟有斑龙顶上珠，能补玉堂关下穴。朝
野遍传之。其方盖用鹿茸、鹿角胶、鹿角霜也。又戴原礼·《证治要诀》∶治头眩晕，甚则
屋转眼黑，或如物飞，或见一为二，用茸珠丹甚效。或用鹿茸半两，无灰酒三盏，煎一盏，
入麝香少许，温服亦效。云茸生于头，类之相从也。
【附方】旧一，新八。
斑龙丸∶治诸虚。用鹿茸（酥炙，或酒炙亦可）、鹿角胶（炒成珠）、鹿角霜、阳起石（
红，酒淬）、肉苁蓉（酒浸）、酸枣仁、柏子仁、黄 （蜜炙）各一两，当归、黑附子（炮）、
地黄（九蒸九焙）各八
（《澹寮》）
（末）一两，绢袋裹，置酒瓶中，七
肾虚腰痛，不能反侧∶鹿茸（炙）、菟丝子各一两，舶茴香半两，为末，以羊肾二对，
法酒煮烂，捣泥和，丸梧桐子大，阴干。每服三
精血耗涸∶面色黧黑，耳聋，目昏口渴，腰痛，脚弱白浊，上燥下寒，不受峻补者。鹿
茸（酒蒸）、当归（酒浸）各一两。焙为末，乌梅肉煮膏捣，丸梧桐子
（《济生方》）
腰膝疼痛伤败者∶鹿茸涂酥炙紫为末，每温酒服一钱。（《续十全方
小便频数∶鹿茸一对，酥炙为末。每服二钱，温酒下，日三服。（《郑氏家传方》）
虚痢危困，因血气衰弱者∶鹿茸（酥炙）一两为末，入麝香五分，以灯心煮枣肉和，丸
梧桐子大。每空心米饮下三五十丸。（《济生方》）
饮酒成泄，骨立不能食，但饮酒即泄∶用嫩鹿茸（酥炙）、肉豆蔻（煨）一两，生麝香
五分。为末，陈白米饭丸梧桐子大。每米饮下五十丸。名
室女白带，因冲任虚寒者∶鹿茸（酒蒸焙）二两，金毛狗脊、白蔹各一两。为末，用艾
煎醋，打糯米糊，丸梧桐子大。每温酒下五十丸，日二。（《济生》）
角 颂曰∶七月采角。以鹿年久者，其角更好。煮以为胶，入药弥佳。 曰∶鹿
角要黄色紧重尖好者。此鹿食灵草，所以异众鹿也。
捣筛为末。或烧飞为丹，服之至妙。以角寸截，泥裹，于器中大火烧一日，如玉粉也。
时珍曰∶按崔行功《纂要方》·鹿角粉法∶以鹿角寸截，炭火烧过，捣末，水和成团，
以绢袋三五重盛之，再 再和，如此五度，以牛乳和，再烧
【气味】咸，温，无毒。杜仲为之使。
【主治】恶疮痈肿，逐邪恶气，
留血在阴中（《本经》）。除少腹血急痛，腰脊痛，折伤恶血，益气（《别录》）。
猫鬼中恶，心腹疰痛（苏恭）。水磨汁服，治脱精尿血，夜梦鬼交。醋磨汁，涂疮疡痈
肿
热毒。火炙热，熨小儿重舌、鹅口疮（《日华》）。蜜炙研末酒服，轻身强骨髓，补阳道绝伤。
又治妇人梦与鬼交者，清酒服一撮，即出鬼精。烧灰，治女子胞中余血不尽欲死，以酒服方
寸匕，日三夜一，甚妙
【发明】时珍曰∶鹿角，生用则散热行血，消肿辟邪；熟用则益肾补虚，强精活血；炼
霜熬膏，则专于滋补矣。
【附方】旧十六，新十九。
服鹿角法∶鹿角屑十两，生附子三两（去皮脐），为末。每服二钱，空心温酒下。令人
少睡，益气力，通神明。（彭祖方）
肾消尿数∶鹿角一具，炙捣筛。温酒每服方寸匕，日二。（《外台》）
骨虚劳极∶面肿垢黑，脊痛不能久立。血气衰惫，发落齿枯，甚则喜唾。用鹿角二两，
牛膝（酒浸焙）一两半，为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸，空心盐酒下。（《济生》）
肾虚腰痛，如锥刺不能动摇∶鹿角屑三两，炒黄研末。空心温酒服方寸匕，日三。（《肘
后方》）
猝腰脊痛不能转侧∶鹿角五寸烧赤，投二升酒中，浸一宿饮。（《梅师》）
妇人腰痛∶鹿角屑熬黄研，酒服方寸匕，日五六服。（杨氏《产乳》）
妊娠腰痛∶鹿角截五寸长，烧赤，投一升酒中。又烧又浸，如此数次，细研。空心酒服
方寸匕。（《产宝》）
产后腹痛，血不尽者∶鹿角烧研，豉汁服方寸匕，日二。（《子母秘录》）
妊娠下血不止∶鹿角屑、当归各半两，水三盏，煎减半，顿服。不过二服。（《普济方》）
胎死腹中∶鹿角屑三寸匕，煮葱豉汤和服，立出。（《百一方》）
堕胎血瘀不下，狂闷寒热∶用鹿角屑一两为末，豉汤服一钱，日三。须臾血下。（《圣
惠方》）
胞衣不下∶鹿角屑三分为末，姜汤调下。（《产乳》）
产后血晕∶鹿角一段，烧存性，出火毒，为末。酒调，灌下即醒。（杨拱《医方摘要》）
妇人白浊，滑数虚冷者∶鹿角屑炒黄为末，酒服二钱。（《妇人良方》）
筋骨疼痛∶鹿角烧存性，为末。酒服一钱，日二。
食后喜呕∶鹿角（烧末）二两，人参一两，为末。姜汤服方寸匕，日三。（《肘后方》）
小儿哕疾∶鹿角粉、大豆末等分，相和乳调，涂乳上饮之。（《古今录验》）
小儿疟疾∶鹿角生研为末，先发时以乳调一字服。（《千金》）
小儿滞下赤白者∶用鹿角灰、发灰等分，水服三钱，日二。《千金
小儿重舌∶鹿角末涂舌下，日三。（姚和众方）
小儿流涎∶脾热也。鹿角屑末，米饮服一字。（《普济方》）
面上 ∶鹿角尖磨浓汁，浓涂之，神效。
面上风疮∶鹿角尖磨酒涂之。（《圣惠》）
咽喉骨鲠∶鹿角为末，含之咽津。（《斗门方》）
蹉跌损伤，血瘀骨痛∶鹿角末，酒服方寸匕，日三。（《千金方》）
竹木入肉不出者∶鹿角烧末，水和涂上，立出。久者不过一夕。（《千金方》）
蠼 尿疮∶鹿角烧末，苦酒调敷。（《外台》）
五色丹毒∶鹿角烧末，猪脂和敷。（《肘后方》）
发背初起∶鹿角烧灰，醋和涂之，日五六易。（《千金方》）
乳发初起，不治杀人∶鹿角磨浓汁涂之，并令人嗍去黄水，随手即散。（《梅师方》）
吹奶掀痛∶鹿角屑炒黄为末，酒服二钱。仍以梳梳之。（唐氏《经验方》）
下注脚疮∶鹿角烧存性，入轻粉同研，油调涂之。（《集要》）
疖毒肿毒∶鹿角尖磨浓汁涂之，甚妙。（濒湖方）
痈疽有虫∶鹿角烧末，苦酒和涂。磨汁亦可。
妖魅猫鬼，病患不肯言鬼∶以鹿角屑捣末，水服方寸匕，即言实也。（《录验》）
白胶 一名鹿角胶（《本经》）、粉名鹿角霜。
甄权曰∶白胶一名黄明胶。时珍∶正误见黄明胶。
【修治】《别录》曰∶白胶生云中，煮鹿角作之。
弘景曰∶今人少复煮作，惟合角弓用之。其法∶先以米沈汁渍七日令软，煮煎如作阿胶
法耳。又一法∶锉角令细，入干牛皮一片，即易消烂。不尔，虽百年无一熟也。
恭曰∶鹿角、麋角，但煮浓汁重煎，即为胶矣，何必使烂？欲求烂亦不难，陶未见耳。
诜曰∶作胶法∶细破寸截，以 水浸七日令软，方煮之。
曰∶采全角锯开，并长三寸，以物盛，于急水中浸一百日取出，刀刮去黄皮，拭净。
以 醋煮七日，旋旋添醋，勿令少歇。戍时不用着火，只从子至戌也。日足，
软如粉。捣烂，每十两入无灰酒一镒，煮成胶，阴干研筛用。
时珍曰∶今人呼煮烂成粉者，为鹿角霜；取粉熬成胶，或只以浓汁熬成膏者，为鹿角胶
。按胡 《卫生方》云∶以米泔浸鹿角七日令软，入急流水中浸
桑柴火煮七日，旋旋添水，入醋少许，捣成霜用。其汁，加无灰
急方》云∶用新角三对，寸截，盛于长流水浸三日，刮净，入
铁锅中水煮三日夜，不可少停，水少即添汤。日足，取出刮
以新鹿角寸截，囊盛，于流水中浸
壶掩住，水少旋添。其角软，以竹
【气味】甘，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶温。得火良，畏大黄。
【主治】伤中劳绝，腰痛羸瘦，补中益气。妇人血闭无子，止痛安胎。久服，轻身延年
（《本经》）。疗吐血下血，崩中不止，四肢酸疼，多汗淋露，折跌伤损（《别录》）。男子
肾脏气，气弱劳损，吐血。妇人服之，令有子，安胎去冷，治漏下赤白（《药性》）。炙捣酒
服，补虚劳，长肌益髓，令人肥健，悦颜色；又治劳嗽，尿精尿血，疮疡肿毒（时珍）。
【发明】 曰∶凡使，鹿角胜于麋角。
颂曰∶今医家多用麋茸、麋角，云力紧于鹿也。
(From *Ribenn Daily Use*)
[Names] Wild Sheep (from *Tujing Bencao*), [Sheep].
Li Shizhen stated: The sheep that dwells in the wild is named thus.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Hongjing said: The domestic goat (*Capra hircus*) is the [Sheep] mentioned in *Erya*. It originates from Western Xia, resembling the sheep of Wu but with larger, oval-shaped horns. It can climb steep cliffs. The Qiang and Yi people regard it as a Takyin Antelope (*Nemorhaedus goral*). Its horns are extremely long, with nodes only on one side; these nodes are sparse and large, and it is not used in medicine.
Su Gong said: The domestic goat is as large as an ox, sometimes called a wild sheep. It fights fiercely to the death, and its horns can be used for saddle arches.
Su Song said: In the mountains of Fujian and Guangdong, there is a type of wild sheep locally called a Takyin Antelope. Its hide is thick and hard, unsuitable for roasting and eating, but its meat is quite fatty, soft, and beneficial to humans.
Wu Rui said: The domestic goat resembles a Takyin Antelope and is bluish-green in color. Those with hanging marks on their horns are Takyin Antelopes; those without are domestic goats.
Li Shizhen said: There are two types of domestic goats: one has large, coiled horns and meat weighing up to a hundred jin; the other has slender horns, referred to as Xian Sheep (Huan) in *Shuowen Jiezi*.
Lu Shi said: The [Sheep] resembles a donkey and travels in herds. Its horns are very large, shedding periodically like deer antlers. In summer, dust and dew accumulate on them, causing grass to grow, appearing as if wearing a hat. Thus, the *Dai Du Fu* states: "[The Sheep] grazes and lingers."
Meat
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, Hot, Non-toxic.
Su Song said: Southern wild sheep often eat *Elsholtzia splendens*, so their intestines and viscera become quite hot; they should not be eaten in excess.
[Indications] When consumed by southerners, the meat is fatty, soft, and beneficial. It treats cold consumption, mountainous malaria, and dysentery, as well as leukorrhea (red and white discharge) in women (Su Song). It treats stiffness and rigidity of muscles and bones, consumptive disease, tonifies Qi, benefits postpartum women, but is contraindicated for those suffering from epidemic diseases (Wu Rui).
(Middle Category, *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] The White Glue (Upper Category) and Deer Antler (Middle Category) from *Bencao Jing* are now combined into one entry.
[Names] Banlong (Spotted Dragon).
Li Shizhen said: The seal script character for "Deer" depicts the shape of its head, horns, body, and feet. *Erya* states: A male deer is called [You] (pronounced 'you'), a fawn is called [Mi] (pronounced 'mi'), and one with great strength is called KT. Legend has it that when a deer plays with a swimming dragon, it grows extraordinary horns. Hence, the deer is worthy of such titles.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Deer are found in forests and mountains everywhere. They have horse-like bodies, sheep-like tails, narrow elongated heads, and high legs, allowing for fast movement. Males have horns, which shed at the Summer Solstice. Large ones resemble foals, with yellow bodies and white spots, commonly known as Horse Deer (*Cervus elaphus*). Females lack horns, are smaller without spots, and have mixed yellow-white fur, commonly called [Deer]. They gestate for six months before giving birth. Deer are promiscuous; one male often mates with several females, a behavior called "Gathering".
When traveling together, they circle their horns outward for protection. When lying down, they face their mouths toward the Weilu acupoint to connect with the Du Meridian. *Records* state: A thousand-year-old deer becomes a Cang Deer; another five hundred years, a Bai Deer; another five hundred, a Xuan Deer. The bone of the Xuan Deer is also black; eating it as dried meat promotes longevity.
*Piya* states: Deer are immortal beasts, naturally joyful. Every sixty years, they must harbor jade under their horns, resulting in spotted patterns on the horns, purple like dots. When walking, saliva flows, and they no longer run hastily. Thus it is said: "The deer wears jade and has spotted horns; the fish harbors pearls and has purple scales." Shen Kuo's *Brush Talks* mentions the Camel Deer in Northern Di, which is very large, pale yellow, and unspotted. Its horns are large with patterns, firm and translucent like jade. The velvet antlers are also usable. *Mingyuan* states: The largest deer is called Zhu. Its tail serves as a standard. The tail repels dust; brushing felt with it prevents insect damage. Placing it in madder-dyed silk keeps the red color bright for years.
Deer Velvet Antler
[Preparation] *Bielu* states: Harvest when horns shed in April or May, dry in shade, and ensure dryness before use.
Su Gong said: Deer velvet harvested in summer and dried in shade yields less than one percent. It easily spoils; splitting it and drying over fire is best.
Han Baosheng said: To prepare deer velvet, soak it in fresh juice of *Polygonatum sibiricum* for two days and nights, strain, slice, bake, and grind. This prevents thirst. Another method: Saw the velvet into slices. For every five liang, mix with three liang of sheep fat and powder of Tianlinggai (human skull cap). Apply this mixture, slow-roast until yellow and crisp inside and out, wrap in deer skin, and leave in a room overnight so the "medicine soul" returns. Then slow-bake dry, grind, and use.
*Riben Ri Hua* states: Only roast with butter and grind.
Kou Zongshi said: First, thinly coat the hair on the velvet with butter, then scorch it in intense flame until the hair is lightly burned. Without butter, the flame would damage the velvet.
Li Shizhen said: Formulas in *Danliao Fang* and *Jisheng Fang* use velvet roasted with butter, wine, or steamed/baked with wine. Follow the specific formula instructions.
[Elucidation] *Baopuzi* states: Southern mountains abound with deer. One male attracts hundreds of females. In spring, they are emaciated; in summer, eating *Acorus tatarinowii* makes them fat. During horn shedding, the velvet is very painful. Hunters tie the deer, remove the velvet, and then kill it while the blood is still warm.
Kou Zongshi said: The most valuable velvet is that which is unbroken and retains its blood. Its efficacy lies entirely in the blood, often damaged during hunting. Regarding the comparison to eggplant... Shen Kuo's *Brush Talks* notes that treating all deer velvet as identical is inaccurate. Some prick Elk or Deer blood to substitute for velvet, claiming velvet is just blood; this is a major error. Elk velvet benefits Yang tonification; Deer velvet benefits Yin tonification. Efficacy is enhanced when combined with other herbs. Among blood-containing creatures, flesh regenerates fastest, tendons next, and bones slowest. Humans take twenty years from embryo to adult for bones to solidify. Only Elk and Deer antlers grow from nothing to hardness in less than two months, reaching over twenty jin. Calculating growth, they produce several liang per day/night, faster than any other bone formation. Even rapid-growing plants cannot match this. As the strongest bone, it can tonify bone and blood, strengthen the Yang pathway, and benefit essence and marrow. The head is the convergence of all Yang meridians, concentrated in the velvet and horns; how can it be compared to ordinary blood?
Li Shizhen said: According to Xiong's commentary on *Liji*: Deer are mountain beasts, belonging to Yang. Promiscuous and roaming mountains, they shed horns at the Summer Solstice upon receiving Yin Qi, symbolizing retreating from Yang. Elk are marsh beasts, belonging to Yin. Promiscuous and roaming marshes, they shed horns at the Winter Solstice upon receiving Yang Qi, symbolizing retreating from Yin. See details under "Horn".
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, Warm, Non-toxic. *Bielu* adds: Sour, slightly warm.
Zhen Quan said: Bitter, Pungent. Mahbo (Hemp pollen) acts as an assistant.
Meng Shen said: Do not sniff deer velvet; it contains invisible tiny white worms. If inhaled, they enter the nasal cavity, rendering the medicine ineffective.
[Indications] Treats metrorrhagia with foul blood, alternating chills and fever, convulsions, tonifies Qi, strengthens will, promotes tooth growth, and anti-aging (*Bencao Jing*). Treats consumptive disease, shivering like malaria, emaciation, limb soreness, lower back and spine pain, frequent urination, seminal emission, hematuria, abdominal blood stasis, kidney stones, carbuncles, bone heat and abscesses, nourishes bones, calms fetus, directs Qi downward, expels evil spirits, and prolongs life with long-term use. Avoid contact with male genitals as it may cause impotence (*Bielu*). Tonifies kidney deficiency and cold in men, weak knees and ankles, nocturnal emissions, dream intercourse, spontaneous seminal loss. For women, treats uterine bleeding, leukorrhea. Roasted, ground, and taken with warm wine on an empty stomach (Zhen Quan) strengthens sinews and bones (*Riben Ri Hua*). Generates essence, tonifies marrow, nourishes blood, benefits Yang, strengthens sinews and bones, treats all deficiencies, deafness, dim vision, vertigo, and deficiency-type dysentery (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: According to *Danliao Fang*: In ancient Shu, a Daoist merchant sold Banlong Wan, also called Rongzhu Dan. He would sing drunkenly: "The Weilu cannot hold back the ocean's depletion; nine-turn elixirs are merely talk. Only the pearl on top of the Banlong can supplement the acupoints below Yutang." This spread widely. The formula likely uses Deer Velvet, Deer Horn Gelatin, and Deer Horn Frost. Dai Yuanli's *Zhengzhi Yaojue* states: For severe vertigo, darkness, visual disturbances, Rongzhu Dan is effective. Alternatively, use half a liang of Deer Velvet, decocted in three bowls of pure wine to one bowl, add a little Musk, and take warm. Since velvet grows on the head, similarity attracts similarity.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, eight new.
Banlong Wan: Treats various deficiencies. Use Deer Velvet (roasted with butter or wine), Deer Horn Gelatin (fried until bubbling), Deer Horn Frost, Yangqishi (red, quenched in wine), Cistanche (soaked in wine), Sour Jujube Seed, Biota Seed, Astragalus (honey-roasted), each one liang; Angelica Sinensis, Black Aconite (processed), Rehmannia (steamed and baked nine times), each eight liang. (*Danliao Fang*)
Kidney deficiency lumbar pain, inability to turn: Deer Velvet (roasted), Dodder Seed, each one liang;舶茴香 (Fennel) half a liang. Grind to powder. Boil two pairs of sheep kidneys in medicinal wine until soft, mash, mix with powder, form pills like paulownia seeds, dry in shade. Take three pills with warm wine. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Exhaustion of essence and blood: Dark complexion, deafness, blurred vision, thirst, lumbar pain, weak legs, turbid urine, upper dryness/lower cold, intolerant to strong tonics. Deer Velvet (wine-steamed), Angelica Sinensis (wine-soaked), each one liang. Bake, grind, mix with paste from boiled Chinese Plum flesh, form pills like paulownia seeds. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Lumbar and knee pain due to injury/depletion: Deer Velvet coated with butter, roasted purple, ground. Take one qian with warm wine. (*Xu Shiquan Fang*)
Frequent urination: One pair of Deer Velvet, roasted with butter, ground. Take two qian with warm wine, three times daily. (*Zheng Family Prescription*)
Critical deficiency dysentery due to Qi and Blood weakness: One liang of Deer Velvet (butter-roasted), ground. Add five fen of Musk. Mix with jujube meat boiled with rattan, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take thirty to fifty pills with rice water on an empty stomach. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Alcohol-induced diarrhea, emaciation, unable to eat except when drinking alcohol: Tender Deer Velvet (butter-roasted), Nutmeg (roasted), one liang; raw Musk, five fen. Grind, mix with aged white rice flour, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take fifty pills with rice water. Name...
Leukorrhea in unmarried women due to Chong and Ren deficiency-cold: Two liang of Deer Velvet (wine-steamed and baked), Golden Dogwood Root, White Peony Root, each one liang. Grind. Decoct Mugwort in vinegar, make glutinous rice paste, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take fifty pills with warm wine, twice daily. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Horn Su Song said: Harvest horns in July. Older deer yield better horns. Boil to make gelatin, which is superior for medicine. Han Baosheng said: Choose yellow, dense, sharp-tipped horns. These deer eat spiritual herbs, distinguishing them from others.
Grind to powder. Or calcine into cinnabar-like powder, highly effective. Cut horns into inch-long pieces, wrap in clay, fire in a vessel for one day until like jade powder.
Li Shizhen said: According to Cui Xinggong's *Zuoya Fang* method for Deer Horn Powder: Cut horns into inches, burn over charcoal, grind, mix with water into dough, place in multiple layers of silk bag, knead repeatedly five times, mix with cow milk, and fire again...
[Properties and Flavors] Salty, Warm, Non-toxic. Eucommia bark acts as an assistant.
[Indications] Malignant sores and carbuncles, expels evil qi, resolves blood stasis in the yin organs (*Bencao Jing*). Relieves acute lower abdominal pain, lumbar/spine pain, traumatic blood stasis, tonifies Qi (*Bielu*). Cat-gui poisoning, heart/abdominal wandering pain (Su Gong). Water-grind juice for oral use treats seminal loss, hematuria, nocturnal dream intercourse. Vinegar-grind juice applied to sores/carbuncles treats heat toxins. Fire-heated, apply to infant double tongue and thrush (*Riben Ri Hua*). Honey-roasted, ground, taken with wine lightens the body, strengthens bone/marrow, restores severed Yang pathways. Also treats women dreaming of intercourse with ghosts; take a pinch with clear wine to expel ghost essence. Calcined ash, taken with wine for women with retained placental blood causing near-death state, taken three times day/night, is excellent.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Deer Horn, when raw, clears heat, moves blood, reduces swelling, and expels evil; when cooked, tonifies Kidney, supplements deficiency, strengthens essence, and invigorates blood; processed into frost or paste, it specializes in nourishment.
[Attached Prescriptions] Sixteen old, nineteen new.
Method of taking Deer Horn: Ten liang Deer Horn flakes, three liang Raw Aconite (peeled), ground. Take two qian with warm wine on empty stomach. Reduces sleep need, boosts Qi/strength, clarifies spirit (Peng Zu Formula).
Kidney Xiao with frequent urination: One set of Deer Horn, roasted, ground, sifted. Take one cunshi with warm wine, twice daily. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Bone deficiency extreme exhaustion: Swollen/dirty face, spine pain preventing standing, Qi/Blood exhaustion, hair loss, dry teeth, excessive salivation. Two liang Deer Horn, one and a half liang Achyranthes (wine-soaked, baked), ground. Mix with refined honey, form pills like paulownia seeds. Take fifty pills with salt-wine on empty stomach. (*Jisheng Fang*)
Kidney deficiency lumbar pain, stabbing, immobility: Three liang Deer Horn flakes, stir-fried yellow, ground. Take one cunshi with warm wine on empty stomach, three times daily. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Sudden lumbar/spine pain preventing turning: Five cun Deer Horn, heated red, soaked in two sheng of wine overnight, drink. (*Meishi Fang*)
Women's lumbar pain: Deer Horn flakes stir-fried yellow, ground. Take one cunshi with wine, five to six times daily. (*Yangshi Chanru*)
Pregnancy lumbar pain: Five-inch Deer Horn, heated red, soaked in one sheng of wine. Repeat heating/soaking several times, finely grind. Take one cunshi with wine on empty stomach. (*Chanbao*)
Postpartum abdominal pain with incomplete lochia: Deer Horn burnt and ground, taken with fermented soybean juice, one cunshi, twice daily. (*Zimu Milu*)
Persistent bleeding during pregnancy: Half a liang Deer Horn flakes, half a liang Angelica Sinensis. Three bowls water, decoct to half, take at once. No more than two doses. (*Puji Fang*)
Dead fetus in womb: Three cunshi Deer Horn flakes, decoct with Scallion and Soybean, mix and take, expels immediately. (*Baiyi Fang*)
Abortion with blood stasis not descending, mania/cold-fever: One liang Deer Horn flakes, ground. Take one qian with fermented soybean tea, three times daily. Blood descends shortly after. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Retained placenta: One-third part Deer Horn flakes, ground. Mix with ginger tea. (*Chanru*)
Postpartum syncope: One piece of Deer Horn, charred but retaining nature, remove fire toxicity, ground. Mix with wine, pour down to wake patient. (*Yang Gong Yifang Jiangyao*)
Women's turbid urine, slippery/fast/deficiency-cold: Deer Horn flakes stir-fried yellow, ground. Take two qian with wine. (*Funren Liangfang*)
Sinew/bone pain: Deer Horn charred, ground. Take one qian with wine, twice daily.
Postprandial vomiting: Two liang Deer Horn (burnt to powder), one liang Ginseng, ground. Take one cunshi with ginger tea, three times daily. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Infant hiccups: Equal parts Deer Horn powder and Soybean powder, mix with milk, apply to nipple for infant to suck. (*Gujin Luyan*)
Infant malaria: Raw Deer Horn ground to powder. Take one zi (measure) mixed with milk at onset. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Infant dysentery (red/white): Equal parts Deer Horn ash and Hair ash. Take three qian with water, twice daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Infant double tongue: Deer Horn powder applied under tongue, three times daily. (Yao Hezhong Formula)
Infant drooling: Spleen heat. Deer Horn flakes powder, take one zi with rice water. (*Puji Fang*)
Facial [spots]: Grind Deer Horn tip to thick juice, apply thickly, miraculous effect.
Facial wind sores: Grind Deer Horn tip with wine, apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Fish bone in throat: Deer Horn ground, hold in mouth and swallow saliva. (*Doumen Fang*)
Sprains/injuries, blood stasis/bone pain: Deer Horn powder, take one cunshi with wine, three times daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Splinters/wood in flesh: Deer Horn burnt to powder, mix with water, apply, extrudes immediately. Long-standing cases resolve within one night. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Urticaria/ulcers: Deer Horn burnt to powder, mix with vinegar, apply. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Five-color erysipelas: Deer Horn burnt to powder, mix with lard, apply. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Initial Back Carbuncle: Deer Horn calcined to ash, mix with vinegar, apply, change five to six times daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Initial Breast Carbuncle (fatal if untreated): Grind Deer Horn to thick juice, apply, and have patient suck out yellow fluid, disperses immediately. (*Meishi Fang*)
Breast Abscess/Pain: Deer Horn flakes stir-fried yellow, ground. Take two qian with wine. Comb the area. (Tangshi Experience Formula)
Lower limb ulcers: Deer Horn charred, mix with Calomel, grind, apply with oil. (*Jiyao Fang*)
Boils/Toxins: Grind Deer Horn tip to thick juice, apply, excellent. (Binhu Formula)
Carbuncle with worms: Deer Horn burnt to powder, mix with vinegar, apply. Grinding juice also works.
Demons/Cat-gui, patients refusing to speak of ghosts: Deer Horn flakes ground, take one cunshi with water, patient will confess truth. (*Luyan*)
White Glue Also known as Deer Horn Gelatin (*Bencao Jing*), powder name Deer Horn Frost.
Zhen Quan said: White Glue is also called Huangming Glue. Li Shizhen: Correction see Huangming Glue.
[Preparation] *Bielu* states: White Glue originates from Yunzhong, made by boiling Deer Horn.
Tao Hongjing said: Few people boil it now, mostly used for bow strings. Method: Soak in rice wash for seven days until soft, boil/decoct like Donkey-hide Gelatin. Another method: File horn fine, add one piece of dry cowhide, dissolves easily. Otherwise, even after a century, it won't cook.
Su Gong said: Deer/Elk horn, simply boil thick juice and re-decoct to make glue; why dissolve completely? Seeking dissolution is not difficult, Tao just didn't see it.
Meng Shen said: Method: Break fine, cut to inches, soak in [Water] for seven days until soft, then boil.
Han Baosheng said: Saw whole horn, three inches long, place in flowing water for one hundred days, scrape off yellow skin, clean. Boil in [Vinegar] for seven days, adding vinegar continuously, do not stop. No fire at Xu hour, only from Zi to Xu. When done, soft like powder. Mash, add one yi of pure wine per ten liang, boil to glue, dry in shade, grind/sift.
Li Shizhen said: Now, those boiled to powder are called Deer Horn Frost; powder boiled to glue, or thick juice boiled to paste, is called Deer Horn Gelatin. Hu [Name]'s *Weisheng Fang* says: Soak Deer Horn in rice wash for seven days, immerse in fast-flowing water, boil with Mulberry wood fire for seven days, add water, add little vinegar, grind to frost. The juice, add pure wine... Emergency Formula says: Use three new pairs of horns, cut to inches, soak in long-flowing water for three days, scrape clean, boil in iron pot for three days/nights, never stop, add water if low. When done, scrape... Take new Deer Horn inches, bag, soak in flowing water, cover pot, add water as needed. When soft, use bamboo...
[Properties and Flavors] Sweet, Neutral, Non-toxic. *Bielu* adds: Warm. Benefits from fire, adverse to Rhubarb.
[Indications] Middle injury, consumptive exhaustion, lumbar pain, emaciation, tonifies middle and Qi. Women with amenorrhea/infertility, relieves pain, calms fetus. Long-term use lightens body, prolongs life (*Bencao Jing*). Treats hematemesis/hematochezia, metrorrhagia, limb soreness, sweating/dripping, fractures/injuries (*Bielu*). Men's Kidney Qi deficiency, weak Qi/consumption, hematemesis. Women taking it conceive, calm fetus, dispel cold, treat leukorrhea (*Yaoxing Lun*). Roasted, ground, taken with wine tonifies consumption, grows muscle/tonifies marrow, fattens/invigorates, beautifies complexion; also treats chronic cough, seminal/hematuria, sores/carbuncles (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Han Baosheng said: Generally, Deer Horn is superior to Elk Horn.
Su Song said: Modern physicians often use Elk Velvet/Horn, claiming it is stronger than Deer.